MoorLaneNews has the latest announcements and Divrei Torah and lots more. It is highly recommended. You can always find the latest edition here.
Newsletter Parashat Toledot




After the tragic events of 2nd October, CST felt it is important to provide a security awareness session
to all communal shul rota security volunteers, shul executive members and Rabbonim.
Attending regular security briefings and training is critical to providing the best security possible to our community
and ensuring our shul security rotas teams are fully briefed on up-to-date methods and procedures.
This training session will take place at Stenecourt Synagogue, on
NEXT Thursday 27th November 2025,
doors open at 19.30 hrs.
All attendees must register,
this can be done directly via an email to
*******


לוח זמני תפלה לחורף תשפ״ו
Winter Timetable 5786 – 2025/26
מוצאי שבת | ערבית (מוצ״ש) | שקיעה | מנחה שבת | סוף זמן קריאת שמע | הדלקת נרות | מנחה וקבלת שבת | תאריך | שבת פרשת |
Shabbat Ends | Arbit | Sunset | Minha | Shema before | Candle Lighting | Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat | Date | Parasha |
PM | PM | PM | PM | AM | PM | PM |
|
|
4:58 | 4:54 | 4:01 | 3:25 | 9:51 | 3:48 | 3:48 | 21/22 Nov | תולדות |
*********
🕯️WINTER TIMES FOR SHABBAT MORNING🕯️
שבת
קרבנות
8:45 am
הודו
9:00 am
*****

*****
Moor Lane Women’s Nach Group

**********
After 20 years of marriage, Yitzchak’s prayers are answered and Rivka conceives twins. The pregnancy is extremely painful. Hashem reveals to Rivka that the suffering is a microcosmic prelude to the worldwide conflict that will rage between the two great nations descended from these twins, Rome and Israel. Esav is born, and then Yaakov, holding on to Esav’s heel. They grow, and Esav becomes a hunter, a man of the physical world, whereas Yaakov sits in the tents of Torah, developing his soul.
On the day of their grandfather Avraham’s funeral, Yaakov is cooking lentils, the traditional mourner's meal. Esav rushes in, ravenous from a hard day’s hunting, and sells his birthright (and its concomitant spiritual responsibilities) for a bowl of lentils, demonstrating his unworthiness for the position of firstborn.
A famine strikes Canaan and Yitzchak thinks of escaping to Egypt, but Hashem tells him that because he was bound as a sacrifice, he has become holy and must remain in the Holy Land. He relocates to Gerar in the land of the Philistines, where, to protect Rivka, he has to say she is his sister. The Philistines grow jealous of Yitzchak when he becomes immensely wealthy, and Avimelech the king asks him to leave. Yitzchak re-digs three wells that were dug by his father, prophetically alluding to the three future Temples. Avimelech, seeing that Yitzchak is blessed by Hashem, makes a treaty with him.
When Yitzchak senses his end approaching, he summons Esav to give him his blessings. Rivka, acting on a prophetic command that the blessings must go to Yaakov, arranges for Yaakov to impersonate Esav and receive the blessings. When Esav in frustration reveals to his father that Yaakov has bought the birthright, Yitzchak realizes that the birthright has been bestowed correctly on Yaakov and confirms the blessings he has given Yaakov. Esav vows to kill Yaakov, and so Rivka sends Yaakov to her brother Lavan where he could find a suitable wife.
Ohr Somayach Institutions www.ohr.edu
דין ישיבה בתוך ארבע אמות של המתפלל
הרבה מן ההלכות הנוגעות לתפלה, למדו רבותינו מן המעשה המובא בתחילת ספר שמואל, אודות חנה, אמו של שמואל הרמתי, שהלכה לבית המקדש והתפללה לפני ה' שיזכה אותה בפרי בטן. ואכן מכח תפלתה נולד לה בנה הקדוש, הוא הנביא שמואל.
והנה אין חילוק בזה אם בא לשבת לפני המתפלל, או בצדדיו, שכל שהוא בתוך ארבע אמות של המתפלל אסור לשבת שם, אלא ירחיק מעט יותר מארבע אמות, ואז רשאי לשבת. ופשוט שאין חילוק בזה אם המתפלל הוא איש, או שהיא אשה שמתפללת, שבכל אופן אסור לשבת בתוך ארבע אמותיו של המתפלל.
ורבינו הטור כתב, שהטעם הוא מפני שנראה הדבר כאילו חבירו מקבל עליו עול מלכות שמים, ואילו הוא יושב בטל בשלוות נפש ואינו מקבל עליו עול מלכות שמים.
והרב רבינו המאירי כתב, שטעם האיסור הוא כדי שלא יתבלבל המתפלל בשעת תפילתו מחמת הסובבים אותו. ועוד כתב בספר המכתם, שאסור לשבת סמוך למתפלל, כדי שלא יתבייש המתפלל מחבירו שרואה שהוא בוכה בתפילתו.
ולהלכה, רבינו הרמב”ם (בפ”ה מהלכות תפלה) כתב, שאסור לישב “בצד העומד בתפלה”. ומשמע קצת שמאחוריו רשאי לשבת. וכן מרן השלחן ערוך (סימן קב) כתב, שאסור לישב בתוך ארבע אמות של המתפלל “בין מלפניו בין מן הצדדין”, ומשמע קצת שמאחריו מותר. וכן כתבו כמה מגדולי האחרונים, שלדעת מרן השלחן ערוך, מותר לשבת מאחורי המתפלל. אולם יש מחמירים בדבר. הלכך, המחמיר שלא לשבת מאחורי המתפלל, תבא עליו ברכה. ולמנהג האשכנזים יש לאסור בזה בפשיטות, שלא לשבת מאחורי אדם המתפלל, שכן פסק בפירוש רבינו הרמ”א, שבני אשכנז קבלו הוראותיו.
ולסיכום: אסור לשבת בסמוך לארבע אמותיו (שני מטר) של המתפלל תפילת העמידה. בין מלפניו, ובין מצדדיו. ויש מחמירים בזה אף כשהוא יושב מאחורי המתפלל. והוא הדין שאסור לשבת בסמוך לשליח ציבור בשעה שהוא מתפלל.
Sitting Within Four Amot of One Praying
Our Sages derived many laws pertaining to prayer from the incident recorded in the beginning of the book of Shmuel regarding Chana, mother of Shmuel Ha’Navi, who went to the Mishkan (Tabernacle) in Shilo in order to pray to Hashem that she be able to bear children. Through the power of her prayer, he holy son, Shmuel Ha’Navi, was born.
The Prohibition to Sit in Close Proximity of One Praying
Our Sages (Berachot 31b) learned from what Chana told Eli Ha’Kohen while she was praying, “I am the woman standing with you here to pray to Hashem,” that one may not sit within four Amot of one praying Amida. Four Amot is equal to approximately 6.5 feet.
There is no distinction whether one wishes to sit in front or on the side of one praying, for as long as one is within four Amot of one praying, one may not sit there; rather, one should move slightly more than four Amot of the individual praying, at which point one may be seated. Clearly, there is no difference whether the individual praying is a man or woman and the prohibition to sit within their four Amot remains the same.
The Reason for this Prohibition
Our Sages disagree regarding the reason why sitting within four Amot of one praying is forbidden. The Ba’al Halachot Gedolot writes that the reason for this is because Hashem’s presence rests within four Amot of one praying and sitting there is therefore disrespectful. It seems that according to the holy Zohar, the reason is likewise due to respect for the presence of Hashem.
The Tur writes that the reason for this prohibition is because it seems that while one individual is accepting the sovereignty of Hashem upon himself, this individual is sitting idly and complacently and not accepting Hashem’s kingship.
The Meiri writes that the reason for this prohibition is in order for the concentration of the one praying not to be disturbed by those around him. The Sefer Ha’Michtam adds that the reason is in order for the individual praying not to be ashamed by the fact that the person sitting next to him sees him crying while he is praying.
Sitting Behind One Praying
Regarding sitting behind one praying, this would be contingent on the aforementioned reasons. If the reason why it is forbidden to sit close to one praying is out of reverence for the presence of Hashem, this should be forbidden even when one sits behind one who is praying. However, if the reason is for the one praying not to be ashamed or disturbed, these reasons no longer apply when one sits behind the individual praying.
Halachically speaking, the Rambam (Chapter 5 of Hilchot Tefillah) writes that it is forbidden to sit “on the side of one praying.” It would seem from here that one may sit behind one praying. Similarly, Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch rules that one may not sit within four Amot of one praying, “whether in front of him or on his side.” It would likewise seem from here that sitting behind him would be permissible. Indeed, some great Acharonim write that according to Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch, one may sit behind one praying. Nevertheless, there are those who rule stringently on this matter. Thus, if one acts stringently and does not sit behind one praying, he shall surely be blessed. According to the Ashkenazi custom, sitting behind one praying is certainly forbidden, for this is how the Rama rules and Ashkenazim have accepted the Rama’s rulings.
Sitting in Close Proximity of the Chazzan
Based on the above, the same would apply to one who wishes to sit within four Amot of a Chazzan while he recites the repetition of the Amida and one will not be permitted to do so until he distances himself more than four Amot away from where the Chazzan is standing. Maran Rabbeinu zt”l points this out in his Responsa Yechave Da’at (Chapter 5) and writes that even those who act leniently and sit during the Chazzan’s repetition must make certain not to do so within four Amot of the Chazzan.
Summary: One may not sit within four Amot (6.5 feet) of one praying Amida, whether one is sitting in front of him or to his side. Some rule stringently regarding sitting behind one praying, as well. It is likewise forbidden to sit within four Amot of a Chazzan while he is reciting the repetition of the Amida.
Newsletter Parashat Chaye Sara – Shabbat Mevarechim



שבת מברכים
is שבת מברכים
*****

After the tragic events of 2nd October, CST felt it is important to provide a security awareness session
to all communal shul rota security volunteers, shul executive members and Rabbonim.
Attending regular security briefings and training is critical to providing the best security possible to our community
and ensuring our shul security rotas teams are fully briefed on up-to-date methods and procedures.
This training session will take place at Stenecourt Synagogue, on
Thursday 27th November 2025,
doors open at 19.30 hrs.
All attendees must register,
this can be done directly via an email to
****


לוח זמני תפלה לחורף תשפ״ו
Winter Timetable 5786 – 2025/26
מוצאי שבת | ערבית (מוצ״ש) | שקיעה | מנחה שבת | סוף זמן קריאת שמע | הדלקת נרות | מנחה וקבלת שבת | תאריך | שבת פרשת |
Shabbat Ends | Arbit | Sunset | Minha | Shema before | Candle Lighting | Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat | Date | Parasha |
PM | PM | PM | PM | AM | PM | PM |
|
|
5:06 | 5:02 | 4:10 | 3:35 | 9:44 | 3:58 | 3:58 | 14/15 Nov | חיי שרה (ש״מ) |
*********
🕯️WINTER TIMES FOR SHABBAT MORNING🕯️
שבת
קרבנות
8:45 am
הודו
9:00 am
*****

*****
Moor Lane Women’s Nach Group

**********
Sarah, the mother of the Jewish People, passes on at age 127. After mourning and eulogizing her, Avraham seeks to bury her in the Cave of Machpela. As this is the burial place of Adam and Chava, Avraham pays its owner, Ephron the Hittite, an exorbitant sum.
Avraham sends his faithful servant Eliezer to find a suitable wife for his son, Yitzchak, making him swear to choose a wife only from among Avraham's family. Eliezer travels to Aram Naharaim and prays for a sign. Providentially, Rivka appears. Eliezer asks for water. Not only does she give him water, but she draws water for all 10 of his thirsty camels (some 140 gallons)! This extreme kindness marks her as the right wife for Yitzchak and a suitable mother of the Jewish People. Negotiations with Rivka's father and her brother, Lavan, result in her leaving with Eliezer. Yitzchak brings Rivka into his mother Sarah's tent, marries her and loves her. He is then consoled for the loss of his mother.
Avraham remarries Hagar, who is renamed Ketura to indicate her improved ways. Six children are born to them. After giving them gifts, Avraham sends them to the East. Avraham passes away at the age of 175 and is buried next to Sarah in the Cave of Machpela.
Ohr Somayach Institutions www.ohr.edu
סידור המצעים והמיטה בשבת
“יהיה שולחנו ערוך, ומיטה מוצעת יפה, ומפה פרוסה כמו בסעודת הלילה, ואחר כך יטול ידיו ויבצע על לחם משנה כמו בלילה, ויסעוד”.
כלומר, מאחר ומבואר בגמרא ובפוסקים, שכבוד יום השבת, הוא עדיף וגדול יותר מכבוד ליל שבת (וכמבואר בסימן רעא), לכן, כשם שיש להשתדל שיהיה הבית מסודר לכבוד שבת בסעודת ליל שבת, כך יש להשתדל שיהיה מסודר ונקי לכבוד סעודת בוקר יום השבת. (אולם יש לציין שלדעת הזהר הקדוש, כבוד הלילה קודם).
ולכן יש לערוך שלחן יפה יפה, ולפרוס מפה על השלחן גם בסעודת הבוקר.
אבל אם המיטה נמצאת בחדר אחר, וכל מה שמסדרים אותה, הוא עבור מוצאי שבת, אסור להציע אותה בשבת, משום איסור הכנה משבת ליום חול.
אולם כתב בספר מטה יהודה, שבכל מקרה שמסדרים את המיטה לכבוד היום, שיהיה הבית מסודר, מותר לעשות כן בשבת, אפילו אם אינו מתכוין לישון שם בשבת.
ולכן בזמנינו, בבתים שרגילים תמיד לסדר את המצעים בבוקר, כדי שיהיה הבית מוכן ומסודר ונקי, מותר לעשות כן גם בשבת, ואין בזה איסור הכנה משבת ליום חול. אבל אם מסדרים את המיטה רק כדי שהיא תהיה נוחה ומסודרת במוצאי שבת, הדבר אסור.
אולם הגאון רבי חיים פלאג'י בספרו רוח חיים כתב, שיותר נכון לסעוד בשבת בבוקר בשחרית תיכף ומיד אחרי התפילה, ולאכול סעודה קלה, ולא חמין ממש, ומיד כשיגיע זמן תפילת המנחה, ללכת ולהתפלל מנחה (גדולה, כלומר, מוקדמת), ואז לסעוד את הסעודה השלישית עם חמין, כפי שבזמנינו נוהגים רוב האנשים לעשות בסעודה שניה.
ועל ידי זה ירויחו, שילמדו תורה בשבת בנחת, שהרי לא ילכו לישון בבוקר לפני תפילת המנחה, וגם בזה מרויחים שאוכלים סעודה שלישית לתאבון, אפילו בימות החורף הקצרים. וכתב הגאון זצ”ל, שכן הוא מנהג ליוורנו, כמו שכתב מרן החיד”א בשו”ת חיים שאל (סימן עד), וכן הוא מנהג כמה מקומות.
Making One’s Bed on Shabbat
Preparing for Kiddush
Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch (289:1) writes that, before reciting Kiddush on Shabbat morning, “One’s table should be set, bed made, and a tablecloth spread on the table, just as one would for the Shabbat night meal. After Kiddush, one should perform Netilat Yadayim, recite Hamotzi on double bread, and begin the meal.”
The above is true because the Gemara and Poskim explain that the obligation to show honor to Shabbat is even greater on Shabbat day than it is on Shabbat night (see Shulchan Aruch Ch. 271). Thus, just as one should take care that the house is clean and tidy before Kiddush on Shabbat night, one should do the same on Shabbat day. (Nevertheless, according to the holy Zohar, the Mitzvah to show honor to Shabbat is greater during the night than it is during the day.)
It is therefore important to set the table nicely and put out a tablecloth for the Shabbat morning meal, as well.
Making Beds on Shabbat
When Maran writes that one should make one’s bed on Shabbat day, the Acharonim point out that this applies only if one plans on taking a nap after the Shabbat day meal during the afternoon, in which case it makes sense that one’s bed should be prepared before the meal so that one can begin calmly and joyfully. The Mishnah Berurah adds another possibility that even if one does not intend to take a Shabbat afternoon nap, making the bed before the day Kiddush will still be permissible if the bed is in the same room Kiddush is being recited, for it would be disrespectful to leave an unmade bed as is while Kiddush is being recited.
However, if the bed is in another room and one does not intend to sleep in it on Shabbat afternoon, making the bed on Shabbat day to prepare it for Motza’ei Shabbat would constitute a preparation on Shabbat for a weekday which is forbidden.
On the other hand, Mateh Yehuda rules that in any circumstance where one makes one’s bed on Shabbat day in order to make the house clean and orderly in honor of Shabbat, this is permissible even if one will not sleep in it on Shabbat afternoon.
Thus, nowadays, when it is customary to make the beds first thing in the morning in order for the house to look clean and orderly, it is permissible to do so on Shabbat morning as well and this does not pose a concern of weekday preparation. However, if one’s intention is merely for the beds to be prepared for Motza’ei Shabbat, this would be forbidden.
The Best Time for the Shabbat Meals
It is quite common nowadays for people to have their second Shabbat meal immediately after Mussaf prayers on Shabbat morning and the third Shabbat meal (Seudah Shelishit) following Mincha services, shortly before sunset.
Nevertheless, Rabbeinu Chaim Palagi writes in his Sefer Ruach Chaim that it is preferable to hold the Shabbat day meal immediately after prayers and have a light meal, not actual Chulent or Hamin, and then, to pray Mincha as soon as the time for earliest Mincha arrives. Immediately thereafter, the family should sit down to partake of Seudah Shelishit with a heavier, heartier meal, including Chulent/Hamin, essentially swapping the second and third Shabbat meals the way we usually have them today.
The benefit of Rav Palagi’s recommendation is that one will be able to study Torah calmly and easily after the second meal until Mincha, for people will not go to sleep before Mincha, plus people will eat Seudah Shelishit with appetite, even on short winter Shabbatot. Rav Palagi writes that this was the prevalent custom in Livorno, Italy, as quoted by Maran Ha’Chida (Responsa Chaim Sha’al, Ch. 74), as well as several other Jewish communities.
Newsletter Parashat Vayera




לוח זמני תפלה לחורף תשפ״ו
Winter Timetable 5786 – 2025/26
מוצאי שבת | ערבית (מוצ״ש) | שקיעה | מנחה שבת | סוף זמן קריאת שמע | הדלקת נרות | מנחה וקבלת שבת | תאריך | שבת פרשת |
Shabbat Ends | Arbit | Sunset | Minha | Shema before | Candle Lighting | Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat | Date | Parasha |
PM | PM | PM | PM | AM | PM | PM |
|
|
5:16 | 5:12 | 4:21 | 3:45 | 9:37 | 4:09 | 4:09 | 7/8 Nov | וירא |
*********
🕯️WINTER TIMES FOR SHABBAT MORNING🕯️
שבת
קרבנות
8:45 am
הודו
9:00 am
**********
Moor Lane Women’s Nach Group

**********
Three days after performing brit mila on himself, Avraham is visited by Hashem. When three angels appear in human form, Avraham rushes to show them hospitality by bringing them into his tent, despite this being the most painful time after the operation. Sarah laughs when she hears from them that she will bear a son next year. Hashem reveals to Avraham that He will destroy Sodom, and Avraham pleads for Sodom to be spared. Hashem agrees that if there are fifty righteous people in Sodom He will not destroy it. Avraham “bargains” Hashem down to ten righteous people. However, not even ten can be found. Lot, his wife and two daughters are rescued just before sulfur and fire rain down on Sodom and her sister cities. Lot’s wife looks back and is turned into a pillar of salt. Lot’s daughters fear that as a result of the destruction there will be no husbands for them. They decide to get their father drunk and through him to perpetuate the human race. From the elder daughter, Moav is born, and from the younger, Ammon.
Avraham moves to Gerar where Avimelech abducts Sarah. After Hashem appears to Avimelech in a dream, he releases Sarah and appeases Avraham. As promised, a son, Yitzchak, is born to Sarah and Avraham. On the eighth day after the birth, Avraham circumcises him as commanded. Avraham makes a feast the day Yitzchak is weaned. Sarah tells Avraham to banish Hagar and Hagar's son Yishmael because she sees in him signs of degeneracy. Avraham is distressed at the prospect of banishing his son, but Hashem tells him to listen to whatever Sarah tells him to do. After nearly dying of thirst in the desert, Yishmael is rescued by an angel, and Hashem promises that he will be the progenitor of a mighty nation.
Avimelech enters into an alliance with Avraham when he sees that Hashem is with him. In a tenth and final test of Avraham, Hashem instructs Avraham to take Yitzchak, who is now 37, and to offer him as a sacrifice. Avraham does this, in spite of ostensibly aborting Jewish nationhood and contradicting his life-long preaching against human sacrifice. At the last moment, Hashem sends an angel to stop Avraham. Because of Avraham’s unquestioning obedience, Hashem promises him that even if the Jewish People sin, they will never be completely dominated by their foes. The Torah portion concludes with the genealogy and birth of Rivka.
Ohr Somayach Institutions www.ohr.edu
הדחת כלים בשבת
וכך מבואר במסכת שבת (שם), שאסור להדיח (לשטוף) כלים בשבת, כאשר עושים כן לצורך מוצאי שבת. כלומר, אין להדיח כלים בשבת, כאשר אין בהם צורך ליום השבת עצמו.
וטעם האיסור, בכדי שלא יטרח אדם ביום השבת, לצורך דבר שאינו לכבוד השבת עצמה. (הראב”ד פכ”ג ה”ז. וכ”כ הרב המגיד בדעת הרמב”ם).
ואף שמרן זצ”ל בספרו לוית חן (עמוד קג) כתב להחמיר בזה, משום שראה לרבינו המאירי שכתב, שאחר סעודה שלישית אסור להדיח כלים, אפילו אם רוצה לאכול בהם בשבת. מכל מקום לאחר מכן מצא בתוספות רי”ד שכתב, שכל שרוצה להשתמש בכלים בשבת, מותר להדיחן אפילו אחר סעודה שלישית. (וכן משמע בבית יוסף סימן תקיד). ולפיכך, העיקר להקל בזה.
ולסיכום: מותר לשטוף כלים בשבת, כאשר יש צורך בכלים אלה ליום השבת עצמו. אבל לאחר סעודה שלישית, באופן שנראה שאין עוד צורך בכלי הסעודה, אסור להדיח את הכלים.
וכוסות וכדומה, העשויים לשתיה, מותר לשטפם אפילו לאחר סעודה שלישית (קודם שקיעת החמה). הואיל ויתכן שישתמשו בהם ביום השבת עצמו.
Washing Dishes on Shabbat
Preparing for a Weekday on Shabbat
The Gemara in Masechet Shabbat (118a) teaches us that one may not prepare from Shabbat for weekdays, i.e. one may not perform an action on Shabbat if it is not necessary for the day of Shabbat itself. For instance, one may not warm up a food on Shabbat to be eaten on Motza’ei Shabbat.
The Gemara (ibid.) continues that it is likewise forbidden to wash dishes on Shabbat when this is being done for Motza’ei Shabbat, meaning that there is no longer use for them on Shabbat. The reason for this prohibition is so that one does not exert one’s self on Shabbat for a matter that is not necessary for the actual honor of Shabbat (Ra’avad Chapter 23, Halacha 7 of Hilchot Shabbat and Magid Mishneh ibid. in the name of the Rambam).
Washing Dishes after the Third Shabbat Meal
Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch (Chapter 323) states: “One may wash dishes on Shabbat in honor of the day, for instance, if one still has a meal remaining. However, after the third Shabbat meal, dishes may not be washed. Vessels used for drinking may be washed all day, for one is able to drink the entire day.”
Washing Glasses
Based on this, vessels used for drinking, such as glasses and the like, may be washed even after the third Shabbat meal, since it is entirely possible that these vessels may be used after the meal. However, vessels used for eating, such as plates, silverware, and the like, may not be washed after the third Shabbat meal.
Washing Glasses after Sunset
Clearly, if the third Shabbat meal was eaten at a late hour such that it was concluded after sunset, glasses and other vessels used for drinking may not be washed after the meal since it is prohibited to drink after the meal (following sunset) until Havdala is performed.
Washing Dishes Which Are Necessary for Use after the Third Shabbat Meal
The opposite applies as well regarding dishes used for eating, such as plates and silverware, in that if the third Shabbat meal was eaten at an early hour and the family would like to use these dishes again, they may be washed even after the third Shabbat meal, for the only reason this is usually prohibited is because one does not generally eat anymore after the third Shabbat meal; however, if one knows that one will make use of these dishes again on Shabbat, they may be washed.
Although Maran zt”l rules stringently on this matter in his Livyat Chen (page 103) based on the opinion of the Meiri who prohibits washing dishes after the third Shabbat meal even if one intends to use the dishes again on Shabbat, nevertheless, he has since found a ruling in the Tosafot Rid (Rabbeinu Yeshaya of Tarani) that as long as one intends to use the dishes again on Shabbat, they may be washed even after the third Shabbat meal. (It seems that the Bet Yosef in Chapter 514 rules likewise.) Thus, one may be lenient in this regard.
Summary: One may wash dishes on Shabbat when these dishes are necessary for Shabbat itself. However, after eating the third Shabbat meal when one does not intend to use these dishes anymore, one may not wash them.
Glasses and other vessels used for drinking may be washed even after the third Shabbat meal (before sunset) since it is possible that they will still be used on Shabbat itself.
Newsletter Parashat Lech Lecha




Important FREE community ADHD event for all women in Manchester coming up in 6 days’ time!!!Whether you yourself have ADHD or are supporting children, husbands, colleagues, clients or pupils with ADHD this in an event you don’t want to miss!!
Make sure you sign up to secure your seat www.adhduplift.co.uk/events 🤩🥳🙋🏻♀️
ADHD friendly refreshments kindly sponsored by Bakers Heaven 😋🥐

לוח זמני תפלה לחורף תשפ״ו
Winter Timetable 5786 – 2025/26
מוצאי שבת | ערבית (מוצ״ש) | שקיעה | מנחה שבת | סוף זמן קריאת שמע | הדלקת נרות | מנחה וקבלת שבת | תאריך | שבת פרשת |
Shabbat Ends | Arbit | Sunset | Minha | Shema before | Candle Lighting | Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat | Date | Parasha |
PM | PM | PM | PM | AM | PM | PM |
|
|
5:27 | 5:23 | 4:34 | 4:00 | 9:30 | 4:22 | 4:22 | 31 Oct / 1 Nov | לך לך |
*********
🕯️WINTER TIMES FOR SHABBAT MORNING🕯️
שבת
קרבנות
8:45 am
הודו
9:00 am
**********
Moor Lane Women’s Nach Group

**********
Ten generations have passed since Noach. Man has descended spiritually. In the year 1948 from Creation, Avram is born. By observing the world, Avram comes to recognize G-d’s existence, and thus merits G-d appearing to him. At the beginning of this week’s Torah portion, G d tells Avram to leave his land, his relatives and his father's house and travel to an unknown land where G-d will make him into a great nation. Avram leaves, taking with him his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, their servants, and those whom they converted to faith in G-d. When they reach the land of Canaan G-d appears to Avram and tells him that this is the land that He will give to his descendants.
A famine ensues and Avram is forced to relocate to Egypt to find food. Realizing that his wife’s beauty could cause his death at the hand of the Egyptians, Avram asks her to say that she is his sister. Sarai is taken to Pharaoh, but G d afflicts Pharaoh and his court with severe plagues and she is released unmolested. Avram returns to Eretz Yisrael (Canaan) with much wealth given to him by the Egyptians. During a quarrel over grazing rights between their shepherds, Avram decides to part ways with his nephew Lot. Lot chooses to live in the rich but corrupt city of Sodom in the fertile plain of the Jordan. A war breaks out between the kings of the region and Sodom is defeated. Lot is taken captive. Together with a handful of his converts, Avram rescues Lot, miraculously overpowering vastly superior forces, but Avram demurs at accepting any of the spoils of the battle.
In a prophetic covenant, G-d reveals to Avram that his offspring will be exiled to a strange land where they will be oppressed for 400 years, after which they willemerge with great wealth and return to Eretz Yisrael, their irrevocable inheritance. Sarai is barren and gives Hagar, her Egyptian hand-maiden, to Avram in the hope that she will provide them with a child. Hagar becomes arrogant when she discovers that she is pregnant. Sarai deals harshly with her, and Hagar flees. On the instruction of an angel, Hagar returns to Avram and gives birth to Yishmael. The weekly portion concludes with G-d commanding Avram to circumcise himself and his offspring throughout the generations as a Divine covenant. G-d changes Avram’s name to Avraham, and Sarai’s name to Sarah. Hashem promises Avraham a son, Yitzchak, despite Avraham being ninety-nine years old and Sarah ninety. On that day, Avraham circumcises himself, Yishmael and his entire household.
Ohr Somayach Institutions www.ohr.edu
קדושא רבה
תשובה: בהלכה הקודמת ביארנו את עיקרי הדינים, שעל כל המשקאות, כגון מיץ תפוזים, בירה, ארק, וכן על המים, יש לברך ברכת “שהכל נהיה בדברו” לפני ששותים מהם. ועל היין יש לברך ברכת “בורא פרי הגפן”.
והוספנו, שאדם שבירך ברכת “בורא פרי הגפן” על היין, ובאותה שעה היה בדעתו לשתות לאחר מכן ממשקאות אחרים, כגון מיץ פירות או מים, אינו חוזר לברך ברכת “שהכל נהיה בדברו” על שאר המשקאות, הואיל וברכת “בורא פרי הגפן” שעל היין, פוטרת את כל המשקאות המובאים לאחריה. כשם שברכת “המוציא לחם מן הארץ” פוטרת את ברכת שאר המאכלים הבאים לאחריה.
והשאלה מתחלקת לשניים. שיש אנשים הנוהגים לטעום מעט יין לאחר שהמקדש מסיים את ברכת “בורא פרי הגפן”, ויש אנשים שאינם שותים כלל מן היין, ותיכף לאחר הקידוש באים לשתות מן המשקאות שלפניהם. והשאלה, האם אלו ואלו נפטרים בברכת בורא פרי הגפן של המקדש?
אבל אותם ששתו בפועל מן היין בשעת הקידוש, דינם כדין מי שבירך בורא פרי הגפן על היין, שאינו חוזר לברך אחר כך שהכל על משקאות אחרים. ואף שיש חולקים בדבר, שאומרים שבטעימה מועטת של הקידוש, שאר המשקאות אינם נפטרים, מכל מקום אין הלכה כדבריהם.
ולסיכום: השומע “קידוש” בשבת בבוקר, וטעם מעט מן היין לאחר הקידוש, ובא לשתות אחר כך משקאות אחרים (והיה בדעתו מתחילה לשתות מהם), אינו מברך עליהם “שהכל נהיה בדברו”, הואיל וברכת הגפן פוטרת את המשקאות הבאים לאחריה.
אבל השומע את ברכת “בורא פרי הגפן” מהמקדש, ולא טעם כלל מן היין, ובא לשתות לאחר מכן משקאות אחרים. חייב לברך “שהכל” על המשקה שלפניו.
Kiddush on Shabbat Day
Question: After reciting Kiddush on wine on Shabbat morning, we customarily serve everyone cakes and soft drinks. Must one recite the “Shehakol Nihya Bidvaro” blessing on these soft drinks?
Answer: In the previous Halacha we have explained that the appropriate blessing for all beverages, such as, water, juice, beer, spirits, and the like, is “Shehakol Nihya Bidvaro.” Wine, however, requires the “Boreh Peri Ha’Gefen” blessing.
We have written that if one recites the Ha’Gefen blessing on wine and at that point intends to drink other beverages later on, one should not recite a Shehakol blessing on the other beverages since they have already been exempted by the Ha’Gefen blessing on the wine which exempts any beverages that follow it just as the Hamotzi blessing on bread exempts all foods eaten after it.
Drinking Soft Drinks After Kiddush
Let us now deal with the question at hand. A similar question was posed to Maran Rabbeinu Ovadia Yosef zt”l regarding those who make Kiddush in the synagogue after the Mussaf prayer on Shabbat day. All in attendance hear the person reciting Kiddush recite the “Boreh Peri Ha’Gefen” blessing and then they all taste some wine. If they would like to partake of the other soft drinks served before them, must they recite a Shehakol blessing on these drinks or not?
The question can be divided into two parts. There are those who taste some wine after the person reciting the Kiddush concludes his recitation of the “Boreh Peri Ha’Gefen” blessing while others do not taste any wine at all and immediately upon the conclusion of the Kiddush begin partaking from the other beverages before them. Are both types of individuals exempted with the “Boreh Peri Ha’Gefen” blessing recited by the one reciting Kiddush?
Those Who Have Tasted Some Wine and Those Who Have Not
Regarding those who do not taste any wine at the conclusion of the Kiddush, Maran zt”l writes (in his Halichot Olam, Volume 2, page 24) that they are not exempted from reciting a Shehakol blessing on other beverages since this can only be said regarding one who tastes some wine; only then do we say that the other beverages are secondary to the wine one has drunk.
On the other hand, those who have actually tasted some wine at the conclusion of the Kiddush retain the same law as one who has recited the Ha’Gefen blessing on wine and they do not recite the Shehakol blessing before drinking other beverages. Although others argue that merely tasting a small amount of wine during Kiddush is not sufficient to exempt the beverages one drinks afterwards, the Halacha nevertheless does not follow this opinion.
Summary: If one hears Kiddush on Shabbat morning, tasted some wine at its conclusion, and then wishes to drink any other beverage (which one intended to originally), one does not recite the Shehakol blessing on these beverages since the Ha’Gefen blessing on the wine exempts any beverages that follow it.
However, if one hears Kiddush from the individual reciting it but does not taste any wine and would then like to partake of other beverages, one must recite the Shehakol blessing before drinking any of the beverages being served.
Newsletter Parashat Noach – Rosh Chodesh



חודש טוב ומבורך
to all our members & friends of the Bet Hakeneset
and to moorlanenews readers


*****

מזל טוב
to
Daniel & Sara Sweiry
on the safe arrival
of their new baby boy
שיזכה לברית בזמנה לתורה לחופה ולמעשים
Special מזל טוב
to honoured grandparents
Emanuella Hodari
&
Antony & Loretta Hodari
on their new grandson
מזל טוב
to families
Sweiry, Hodari & Jacobs
****
Moor Lane Women’s Nach Group

*****
לוח זמני תפלה לחורף תשפ״ו
Winter Timetable 5786 – 2025/26
מוצאי שבת | ערבית (מוצ״ש) | שקיעה | מנחה שבת | סוף זמן קריאת שמע | הדלקת נרות | מנחה וקבלת שבת | תאריך | שבת פרשת |
Shabbat Ends | Arbit | Sunset | Minha | Shema before | Candle Lighting | Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat | Date | Parasha |
PM | PM | PM | PM | AM | PM | PM |
|
|
6:41 | 6:37 | 5:49 | 5:15 | 10:23 | 5:37 | 5:37 | 24/25 | נח |
********
It is now ten generations since the creation of the first man. Adam's descendants have corrupted the world with immorality, idolatry and robbery, and Hashem resolves to bring a flood which will destroy all the earth's inhabitants except for the righteous Noach, his family and sufficient animals to re-populate the world. Hashem instructs Noach to build an ark in which to escape the flood. After forty days and nights, the flood covers the entire earth, including the tops of the highest mountains. After 150 days the water begins to recede. On the 17th day of the 7th month, this ark comes to rest on Mount Ararat. Noach sends forth a raven and then a dove to ascertain if the waters have abated. The dove returns. A week later, Noach again sends the dove, which returns the same evening with an olive leaf in its beak. After seven more days, Noach once again sends forth the dove, which this time does not return. Hashem tells Noach and his family to leave the ark. Noach brings offerings to Hashem from the animals which were carried in the ark for this purpose. Hashem vows never again to flood the entire world and gives the rainbow as a sign of this covenant.
Noach and his descendants are now permitted to eat meat, unlike Adam. Hashem commands the Seven Universal Laws: The prohibitions against idolatry, adultery, theft, blasphemy, murder and eating the meat of a living animal, and the obligation to set up a legal system. The world's climate is established as we know it today.
Noach plants a vineyard and becomes intoxicated from its produce. Ham, one of Noach's sons, delights in seeing his father drunk and uncovered. Shem and Yefet, however, manage to cover their father without looking at his nakedness, by walking backwards. For this incident, Canaan is cursed to be a slave. The Torah lists the offspring of Noach's three sons from whom the seventy nations of the world are descended.
The Torah records the incident of the Tower of Bavel, which results in Hashem fragmenting communication into many languages and the dispersal of the nations throughout the world. The Torah portion concludes with the genealogy from Noach to Avram.
Ohr Somayach Institutions www.ohr.edu
עשיית סימן בשבת
שאלה: אדם הקורא בספר בשבת, ומעוניין לסמן בצד הדף “סימן”, על ידי חריטה קלה באמצעות הציפורן. או קיפול בצד הדף, האם מותר לעשות כן בשבת?
אולם מדרבנן, כלומר, מגזירת חכמינו זכרונם לברכה, אסור לעשות “רישום” על גבי עץ באמצעות שריטה בשבת. ומכאן נבוא לדון, לגבי אדם העושה סימן על ידי שריטה קלה בנייר הספר, על ידי הצפורן, האם הדבר אסור לכל הפחות מדרבנן, כדין העושה שריטות על גבי נסרים, או שהשריטה על גבי הנייר אינה נחשבת כלל לרישום האסור בשבת.
ויש מרבותינו האחרונים, ובהם הטורי זהב, שכתבו שאין להקל בזה אלא בספרים העשויים קלף, שאז אין הרושם נשאר אלא לזמן מועט ממש, אבל בספרים העשויים נייר, אין להקל בדבר. אולם מדברי מרן השלחן ערוך משמע שאין לחלק בזה, שהרי בזמן מרן כבר היו מצויים בעולם ספרים מודפסים על נייר, ואף על פי כן כתב להקל בזה.
הלכך, מותר לעשות רישום כעין “קו” בצד העמוד, משום שרישום זה אינו מתקיים, וכפי שנתבאר.
Making a Bookmark on Shabbat
Question: If one is reading a book on Shabbat and would like to mark a certain page by making a slight scratch with one’s nail or by slightly folding the corner of the page, would this be permissible on Shabbat?
The Forbidden Work of Writing
Answer: One of the forbidden forms of work on Shabbat is writing. Even if one merely writes two letters on Shabbat, one is liable for Shabbat desecration (even writing one letter is prohibited, but it is not as grave as writing two letters).
Making a Mark by Scratching Wooden Boards
The Mishnah in Masechet Shabbat (103a) states that the Tannaim disagree whether or not scratching a mark on wooden boards and the like will make one liable for the forbidden work of “marking” or does the Torah only prohibit actual writing. According to Rabbi Yoseh, if one makes a scratch onto a wooden board on Shabbat, one is liable for performing a forbidden work on Shabbat. Halachically speaking, the Tur (Chapter 340) writes that the Halacha does not follow Rabbi Yoseh. Similarly, Rabbeinu Ovadia of Bartenura and the Mishnah Berura (Be’ur Halacha ibid.) rule likewise. Indeed, Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch and most Rishonim rule likewise.
Nevertheless, it is still forbidden to scratch a mark onto wooden boards on Shabbat as a result of a rabbinic decree. We shall now discuss whether scratching a light mark onto the page of a book with one’s nail constitutes at very least a rabbinic prohibition similar to scratching a mark onto a wooden board on Shabbat or is scratching on paper not considered a forbidden form of marking on Shabbat at all.
Scratching Paper or Parchment on Shabbat
Indeed, the Tur (Chapter 340) writes that one may scratch a mark onto paper on Shabbat. Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch (ibid. Section 5) rules likewise. Their rationale is that any scratch which does not last for a prolonged amount of time is not prohibited at all on Shabbat. This is because our Sages only prohibited scratching on Shabbat when the mark will last for a long time, such a scratching wooden boards; however, a scratch made in a book only lasts for a short while and is not considered a forbidden form of marking on Shabbat. (We should point out though that making a scratch skin on Shabbat is forbidden.)
Some Acharonim, including the Turei Zahav, write that there is only room for leniency when the scratching is being done on parchment, for only then does the mark only last for a short while. However, one may not act leniently by scratching a mark onto a book. Nevertheless, the words of Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch imply that there is no distinction between them, for in the days of Maran there were books being printed on paper and he nonetheless rules leniently in this regard.
Thus, one may scratch a mark, such as a line and the like, on the side of a page, for this kind of marking does not last for a prolonged amount of time, as we have discussed.
Newsletter Parashat Bereshit – Shabbat Mevarechim



*****

Rosh Chodesh Mar Cheshvan
will be next
Tuesday (22/10) night Wednesday (23/10)
& Thursday (24/10)
****
✡️Bar Mitzvah Invitation✡️


*****
****
💍Wedding Invitation💍


*****
💍Save the date Next Shabbat💍

****
💷 Pledge Reminder 💷
If you received an Aliya ✡️ during the Yamim Noraim 📖 or over Succot 🌿
and pledged any money 💰 or would like to make a donation 💷
your the donation can be fulfilled in any of the following ways:
· ✉️ By post addressed to
'The Treasurer, Manchester Congregation of Spanish and Portuguese Jews,
18 Moor Lane, Salford, Manchester M7 3WX'.
· 🤝 By hand to the treasurer or any member of the Mahamad.
·🫶 Anonymously – in the donations box in the Synagogue.
·🪙 Direct Debit to the shul's account – for account details please speak to the treasurer
· 🏦Using this link charityextra.com/charity/moorlane
·💳Cheque made payable to 'Manchester Congregation of Spanish & Portuguese Jews'.
Thank you all for your very generous donations
& Tizke Lemitzvot
****
🕯️שבת🕯️

********
In the beginning, Hashem creates the entire universe, including time itself, out of nothingness. This process of creation continues for six days. On the seventh day, Hashem rests, bringing into existence the spiritual universe of Shabbat, which returns to us every seven days. Adam and Chava — the human pair — are placed in the Garden of Eden. Chava is enticed by the serpent to eat from the forbidden fruit of the “Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil,” and in turn gives the fruit to Adam. By absorbing “sin” into themselves, Adam and Chava render themselves incapable of remaining in the spiritual paradise of Eden and are banished. Death and hard work (both physical and spiritual) now enter the world, together with pain in childbirth. Now begins the struggle to correct the sin of Adam and Chava, which will be the subject of the history of the world.
Cain and Hevel, the first two children of Adam and Chava, bring offerings to Hashem. Hevel gives the finest of his flock, and his offering is accepted, but Cain gives inferior produce and his offering is rejected. In the ensuing quarrel, Cain kills Hevel, and is condemned to wander the earth. The Torah traces the genealogy of the other children of Adam and Chava, and the descendants of Cain until the birth of Noach. After the death of Sheit, mankind descends into evil, and Hashem decides that He will blot out man in a flood which will deluge the world. However, one person, Noach, finds favor with Hashem.
Ohr Somayach Institutions www.ohr.edu

ספק אם אמר משיב הרוח
מתחילין לומר “משיב הרוח ומוריד הגשם” החל מתפילת מוסף של חג שמחת תורה, והזכרה זו, אינה שאלה ובקשה על הגשם, אלא היא שבח להשם יתברך, ולכן הזכרה זו נקראת “גבורות גשמים”, שמדברת מענין גבורותיו של השם יתברך בעולמו.
אבל שאלת “טל ומטר” שבברכת השנים, (כלומר, בברכת ברך עלינו, או ברכנו, שאומרים “ותן טל ומטר לברכה”), היא בקשה מהשם יתברך על הגשם. וישנם כמה הבדלים בהלכה, בין הזכרת גבורות גשמים שבברכת “אתה גבור”, לבין שאלת טל ומטר שבברכת השנים, והשינוי הראשון הוא, שמזכירין גבורות גשמים, כבר מתפילת מוסף של שמחת תורה, ואילו שאלת גשמים, אינה אלא מליל שבעה במרחשון.
אבל אם לא הזכיר כלל, לא “מוריד הטל”, ולא “משיב הרוח”, (כפי מנהג חלק מעדות האשכנזים בימות הקיץ), ונזכר בטעותו מיד לאחר שסיים את ברכת “מחיה המתים”, עליו לומר מיד “משיב הרוח ומוריד הגשם”, ואחר כך ימשיך בברכת “אתה קדוש”. ואם התחילה כבר בברכת “אתה קדוש”, ונזכר שלא אמר “משיב הרוח”, הרי אין לו תקנה, ועליו לחזור שוב לראש התפלה.
We Begin Reciting “Mashiv Ha’Ruach”
“Mashiv Ha’Ruach U’Morid Ha’Geshem” is a praise we recite to Hashem during the winter months within the “Mechayeh Ha’Metim” blessing of the Amidah as is printed in all Siddurim.
We begin reciting “Mashiv Ha’Ruach U’Morid Ha’Geshem” in the Mussaf prayer of Simchat Torah (outside of Israel from Shemini Atzeret). This recitation does not constitute a request or plea for rain; rather, it is merely meant as praise to Hashem and is therefore dubbed, “Powers of Rain.” The actual request for dew and rain can be found in the ninth blessing of the Amidah prayer referred to as the “Blessing of the Years” (Barech Aleinu). There are several halachic differences between mentioning the “Powers of Rain” in the second blessing of the Amidah prayer entitled, “Ata Gibor,” and the actual request for dew and rain in the ninth blessing. Firstly, whereas we begin mentioning the “Powers of Rain” from Mussaf of Shemini Atzeret, we do not actually request dew and rain until the night of the Seventh of Marcheshvan (outside of Israel from the night of the Fifth of December), as we shall discuss in following Halachot.
Why is “Mashiv Ha’Ruach” Mentioned in the “Mechayeh Ha’Metim” Blessing?
The Gemara (Berachot 33a) states that we mention the “Powers of Rain” in the “Ata Gibor” blessing for this blessing deals with the Resurrection of the Dead and since rainfall is tantamount to The Resurrection, our Sages thus established this sentence to be mentioned in the blessing dealing with The Resurrection. Our Sages established the actual request for rain in the “Blessing of the Years,” for this is a blessing regarding one’s livelihood and rainfall is a matter of sustenance for the entire world.
One Who Forgets to Mention “Mashiv Ha’Ruach”
If one forgets to recite “Mashiv Ha’Ruach” and becomes aware of his mistake only after concluding the “Mechayeh Ha’Metim” blessing, we must analyze whether one must return to the beginning of the Amidah prayer and begin it again or may one continue his prayer as usual. This law indeed depends on one important factor: If one inserted “Morid Ha’Tal” instead of “Mashiv Ha’Ruach” (as is the Sephardic custom during the summer months), one would not return to the beginning of the Amidah prayer since one has said “Morid Ha’Tal.”
However, if one mentioned neither “Mashiv Ha’Ruach” nor “Morid Ha’Tal” (which is indeed customary among several Ashkenazi communities during the summer months), if one has not yet begun the “Ata Kadosh” blessing, one should recite “Mashiv Ha’Ruach U’Morid Ha’Geshem” between the “Mechayeh Ha’Metim” and “Ata Kadosh” blessings and then just continue his prayer as usual. If, however, one has already begun the “Ata Kadosh” blessing and only then realizes his mistake, one must begin his Amida prayer anew.
Newsletter Succot 5786 – 2025



***

We are establishing a
***




Moor Lane Women’s Nach Group


*********
- According to the Torah, what three basic requirements define a material as valid for use as a succa roof?
It must grow from the ground, no longer be connected to the ground, and not be receptive to tumah (ritual defilement). - If the succa causes discomfort (e.g., it's too cold) to the extent that under similar conditions you would leave your very own house, you are exempt from the mitzvah. Why?
Because the commandment of living in a succa is to dwell in the succa for seven days the same way you dwell in your house the rest of the year. (Mishna Berura 640:13) - What two things are forbidden to do outside of the succa all seven days of the festival?
Eat (an 'established' meal) or sleep. (Orach Chaim 639:2) - What is the absolute minimum number of meals a person is required to eat in the succa during the seven day holiday?
One. Eating a meal in the succa the first night of Succos is a requirement. The rest of the festival, a person can eat 'snacks' which are not required to be eaten in a succa. (Outside Israel, one must eat a meal the second night of Succos as well. However, there is no requirement to live outside Israel!) (Orach Chaim 639:3) - Besides referring to the tree and its fruit, what does the word “esrog” mean literally?
Beauty. (Ramban Vayikra 23:40) - What is the minimum length of a lulav?
Its spine must be at least 4 tefachim (halachic handbreadths). - What is the maximum percentage a person is required to add to the purchase price of his esrog in order to obtain an esrog of greater beauty?
33.3% (Orach Chaim 656:1) - On the Shabbos that occurs during Succos, we read the Book of Koheles, in which King Solomon refers to himself as “Koheles.” Why is King Solomon called Koheles?
Because he gathered (kihale) vast wisdom, and because he, as king, gathered the nation on Succos after the Sabbatical year. (Rashi, Koheles 1:1) - What prohibition could a person transgress simply by sitting in the succa on the eighth day of Succos?
Bal Tosif – “Do not add to the mitzvos.” The commandment to live in the succa applies for only seven days. To sit in the succa on the eighth day with intent to fulfill the mitzvah transgresses “bal tosif.” (Orach Chaim 666:1) - We hold a tallis over the heads of the people who read the end of the Torah and the beginning of the Torah. Why?
It represents the wedding canopy, symbolizing that through the Torah we wed ourselves to Hashem.

גשמים בסוכה
ישנם מקומות, כמו במדינת ניו יורק וסביבותיה, שרגילים לרדת שם גשמים בימי חג הסוכות. וגם בארץ ישראל אירע כמה פעמים שירדו גשמים בחג הסוכות.
ובארץ ישראל, הגשמים בחג הסוכות אינם סימן ברכה, כמו שאמרו רבותינו, למה זה דומה? לעבד שמוזג כוס לרבו, ושפך לו רבו את הכוס על פניו. כלומר, שאינו חפץ במעשיו של העבד. אף כאן, כשיורדים גשמים בחג, כולם יוצאים מן הסוכה ונראה שאין הקדוש ברוך הוא חפץ שישבו בסוכה.
ומכל מקום עלינו לדון, כיצד יש לנהוג כאשר יורדים גשמים בסוכה?
אדם שהיה אוכל בסוכה, ולפתע התחילו לרדת גשמים רבים (באופן, שאילו היה תבשיל עדין מונח על השולחן בסוכה, היה התבשיל מתקלקל מחמת הגשמים. רש”י סוכה כט.), עליו לצאת מן הסוכה ולהכנס לביתו. ושם ימשיך את סעודתו. ואף על פי שאין בפועל תבשיל שמתקלקל על השולחן, ולמשל, אדם האוכל עוגות בסוכה, ואין שם דבר שיתקלקל מחמת הגשמים שאינם חזקים כל כך, גם כן אינו צריך להשאר בסוכה במצב כזה, ועליו להכנס לביתו. (שלחן ערוך סימן תרלט סעיף ה).
ואם תוך כדי הסעודה, בשעה שיושב בביתו, פסקו הגשמים, אין חובה לחזור ולאכול את המשך הסעודה בסוכה, ורק בתורת חומרא, אם ירצה לחזור ולהשלים את הסעודה בסוכה, תבוא עליו ברכה. (יביע אומר ח”ט סימן סג). וכל זה בשאר ימי החג, אבל בליל יום טוב הראשון של החג, יש חובה לחזור ברגע שיפסקו הגשמים, ולאכול בסוכה כזית פת.
וכן הדין לגבי אדם שראה שיורדים גשמים, ולכן התחיל לאכול בביתו, ופסקו הגשמים. שאין עליו חובה לעבור לסוכה ולהשלים שם את הסעודה, אלא גומר את כל הסעודה בביתו. ודין זה אינו שייך דוקא לגבי ירידת גשמים, אלא גם אם היה יושב בסוכה, ולפתע החלה לנשוב רוח עזה שמחמתה החלו נושרים קסמים מהסכך לתוך הסוכה, וקשה לו לסבול את הדבר, הרי הוא רשאי להכנס ולאכול בביתו. (סוכה דף כט.).
מקום שיורדים שם גשמים, אבל בסוכה יש סכך עבה, עד כדי כך שלא יורדים בתוכה גשמים, צריך לאכול בסוכה, ורשאים גם כן לברך “לישב בסוכה” בשעה שאוכלים שם. (חזון עובדיה סוכות עמוד קפה, בשם בכורי יעקב).
הפטור מן הסוכה מחמת ירידת הגשמים, ובכל זאת מחמיר על עצמו ואוכל בסוכה, אינו אלא הדיוט, ואינו מקבל שכר על כך, (הרמ”א סימן תרלט). ואם בירך על האכילה “לישב בסוכה”, ברכתו היא ברכה לבטלה.
היוצא מן הסוכה מפני הגשמים, לא יבעט ויצא, כלומר, לא ינוס בכעס ויצא, אלא יצא בהכנעה, כמו עבד שבא למזוג כוס לרבו, ורבו שפך את המים על פניו, שעל העבד להתנהג בהכנעה ולא בכעס וכדומה.
Rain in the Sukkah
There are certain places, such as New York, where it commonly rains during the holiday of Sukkot. Even in Israel it has happened in the past that rain has fallen during Sukkot.
In the Land of Israel, rain during the Sukkot holiday is an ominous sign, as our Sages taught that this is comparable to a servant who pours a beverage for his master and the master throws the cup in the servant’s face. So too, when it rains on Sukkot and everyone leaves the Sukkah, it is a sign that Hashem does not want us to be sitting in the Sukkah.
Nevertheless, we must discuss how one should behave when it rains in the Sukkah. If one was sitting and eating in the Sukkah and it suddenly begins to rain strongly (to the extent that if a plate of food was before him, the food would get ruined, see Rashi’s commentary on Sukkah 29a), one should exit the Sukkah and return home and continue one’s meal there. Although there might not be an actual plate of food on the table getting ruined, for instance, if one is eating cake and they do not get ruined from such rain, nevertheless, one still need not remain in the Sukkah in this case and one should return home (See Shulchan Aruch Chapter 639, Section 5).
If during one’s meal at home, the rain stops, there is no obligation to continue one’s meal in the Sukkah and doing so is merely a stringency (see Yabia Omer Volume 9, Chapter 63). The above applies on any other day of the Sukkot holiday. However, on the first night of Sukkot, one is obligated to return to the Sukkah and eat a Kezayit of bread there as soon as the rain stops.
Similarly, if one begins to eat at home because he sees that it is raining and then he realizes that the rain has stopped, he need not go out to the Sukkah in order to finish his meal; rather, one may conclude one’s meal at home. This law does not only apply to rain, rather, if one was sitting in the Sukkah and strong winds start gusting suddenly and pieces of the Sechach start falling into the Sukkah and it makes it difficult to remain in the Sukkah, one may finish one’s meal at home (see Sukkah 29a).
If it is raining outside but the Sechach on one’s Sukkah is so thick that the rain does not penetrate the Sukkah, one must eat in the Sukkah and even recite the blessing of “Leeshev Ba’Sukkah.” (Chazon Ovadia- Sukkot, page 185 quoting the Bikurei Yaakov)
If one is exempt from the Mitzvah of Sukkah because of rain and the like and nevertheless acts stringently and eats in the Sukkah anyway is considered a fool and does not receive reward for this (see Rama in Chapter 639). If one recites the “Leeshev Ba’Sukkah” blessing in such a case, this blessing will have been in vain.
If one must leave the Sukkah as a result of rain and the like, one should not kick it on one’s way out; rather, one should leave in a subjugated manner similar to a servant that had a beverage thrown in his face by his master in that he must act in a subjugated manner and not with anger and the like.
בין כיפור לסוכות – דפנות הסוכה
הימים הללו, שבין יום הכפורים לסוכות, הם ימים מקודשים, ואנו עוסקים בהם במצות הסוכה, ללכת מחיל אל חיל. ואמרו רבותינו, כי ארבע הימים שבין יום הכפורים לחג הסוכות, נזכרים ונעשים כימים המקודשים, והם כימי חול המועד, ובהם עוסקים כל ישראל במצוות, סוכה ולולב, ומעשים הללו מעוררים בלב ישראל לאהוב את ה' יתברך, ולשמוח במצותיו, לשמוח שמחה רוחנית אמיתית, לעבוד את ה' בטוב לבב. ובכל הימים הללו אין אומרים “נפילת אפיים” בתפלה, כי הם כמו יום טוב.
אמרו רבותינו, שהסוכה צריכה להיעשות משלוש דפנות וסכך. הדפנות שהם הכתלים (המחיצות, הקירות) של הסוכה, מותר לעשותם מכל דבר שירצה, ובתנאי שתהיינה הדפנות חזקות ויציבות דיין בכדי שתעמודנה היטב בפני הרוח המצויה, לפי שכל שאין הדפנות יציבות בפני הרוח, הרי אינן כשירות למצות סוכה.
ולפיכך פסק מרן רבינו עובדיה יוסף זצוק”ל, שאין לעשות דפנות לסוכה מסדינים ויריעות וכדומה, לפי שהם הולכים ובאים עם הרוח, ואפילו בנדנוד קל, ולכן אינם נחשבים כדפנות שעומדות ברוח מצויה. ואפילו אם מותח את הסדינים היטב, וקשרם בחזקה לעמודי הסוכה כדי שלא ינועו עם הרוח, אין להתיר, מפני שלפעמים מתרופפים הקשרים על ידי הרוח ומתנודדים הסדינים ונמצאת הסוכה פסולה, והיושב בתוכה אינו יושב בסוכה, ואם בירך “לישב בסוכה” הרי ברכתו ברכה לבטלה.
ואף שיש מהאחרונים שכתבו, שכל שהסדינים אינם מתנודדים הרבה עם הרוח (כשלושה טפחים מצד לצד) עדיין הדפנות כשירות, מכל מקום מדברי הראשונים נראה שאפילו בנדנוד מועט כבר נפסלת הסוכה. וכן היא הסכמת רוב פוסקי זמנינו, ומהם הגאון רבי שלמה זלמן אוירבך זצ”ל והגאון רבי יוסף חיים זוננפלד זצ”ל. גם הגאון רבי משה פיינשטיין זצ”ל כתב, שאין להקל לבנות סוכות כאלו עם יריעות בד או פלסטיק, והוסיף שמה שאנו רואים בארצות הברית (מקום מושבו של הגר”מ פיינשטיין) שמוכרים סוכות שדפנותיהן עשויות מיריעות, פשוט שלא היה זה על פי הוראת חכם, כי אין להשתמש בסוכות אלו.
דבר המקבל טומאה
מה שכתבנו, שדפנות הסוכה מותר לעשותם מכל דבר שירצה, הכוונה היא, אפילו לעשות דפנות מכלים, כגון ארון, ארגז וכיוצא בזה. ואף על פי שארגז הוא “כלי”, ומכיון שהוא כלי, הרי הוא ראוי לקבל טומאה, (כלומר, אם נגע בכלי אדם טמא, גם הכלי יכול לקבל טומאה). וכל דבר שראוי לקבל טומאה אסור לסכך בו את הסוכה. מכל מקום, את דפנות הסוכה מותר לעשות גם מדבר המקבל טומאה.
כלומר, את הסכך של הסוכה, יש לעשות רק מדבר שאינו מקבל טומאה. אבל את דפנות הסוכה, מותר לעשות גם מכלי, או דבר אחר, שמקבלים טומאה.
מעמיד – אזיקונים
ומכל מקום אותו חלק בדפנות הסוכה שהסכך מונח עליו, (כלומר, החלק העליון של הדופן), הרי הוא נקרא, “מעמיד הסכך”. שהסכך עומד עליו. ואת “מעמיד הסכך” יש לעשות לכתחילה מדבר שאינו מקבל טומאה. (מפני שחששו רבותינו שמא יבוא לסכך בדבר שמעמיד את הסכך). ולכן אם עשה דופן לסוכה מדבר המקבל טומאה, כגון ארגז עץ או צינורות של ברזל (שגם הם מקבלים טומאה), טוב לתת נסר של עץ על גבי הדופן או הצינורות, מארבע צידי הסוכה, באופן שהסכך ינתן על גבי נסר העץ, ולא על גבי דבר המקבל טומאה.
ומטעם זה, נכון להזהר לכתחילה, שכל דבר שמעמיד או מחזיק את הסכך, לא יהיה מדבר שמקבל טומאה. ולכן נכון להזהר שלא לקשור את הסכך לסוכה באמצעות “אזיקונים”, כדי שהסכך לא יעוף מהסוכה ברוח מצויה. אולם אם שם את האזיקונים רק כדי שאם תגיע רוח סערה שאינה מצויה הסכך לא יעוף, יש להקל.
The Walls of the Sukkah
The days between Yom Kippur and the Sukkot holiday are indeed holy ones during which we are involved with the building of the Sukkah in order to go from strength to strength. Our Sages teach us that the four days between Yom Kippur and Sukkot are treated as sanctified days and are similar to the days of Chol Ha’Moed. During these days the entire Jewish nation is involved in the Mitzvot of Sukkah and Lulav and these actions arouse the Jewish nation’s love for their Father in Heaven and to rejoice in His commandments thus bringing about service of Hashem with a gladdened heart. During these days, Tachanun (supplication) prayers are omitted from all prayer services, for these days are tantamount to Yom Tov.
A Sukkah must consist of three walls and Sechach (roof of the Sukkah made from objects which grow from the ground). The walls of the Sukkah may be made from any material one wishes as long as they are strong and sturdy enough to withstand an ordinary wind (breeze); if the walls are not sturdy enough to withstand such a wind, they are not valid for the Mitzvah of Sukkah.
Therefore, Maran Rabbeinu Ovadia Yosef zt”l rules that one should not use sheets, fabrics, and the like for the walls of the Sukkah, for they flap back and forth in the wind; even a small movement renders them unfit to withstand an ordinary wind. Even if one stretches these sheets until they are taut and then ties them very well to the poles of the Sukkah so that they do not move in the wind, this is still unacceptable, for sometimes, the knots come loose as a result of the wind and the sheets begin to sway and this renders the Sukkah invalid, in which case anyone who sits in it is in essence not sitting in a Sukkah and any “Leeshev Ba’Sukkah” blessings recited upon it are blessings in vain. Although there are those who maintain that as long as the sheets do not sway very much in the wind (approximately three Tefachim or twenty-four centimeters from side to side) these walls are still valid, nevertheless, it appears from the words of the Rishonim that even a slight movement invalidates the Sukkah. This is indeed the consensus among most modern-day Poskim including Hagaon Harav Yosef Chaim Zonnenfeld zt”l and Hagaon Harav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach zt”l. Similarly, Hagaon Harav Moshe Feinstein zt”l writes that one may not be lenient and build his Sukkah out of sheets of fabric or tarp and he adds that the fact that such Sukkot are sold in the United States (place of Harav Feinstein’s residence) must not have been done in accordance with the ruling of a Halachic authority, for such Sukkot may not be used.
This means that the Sechach of the Sukkah must be made only from material incapable of becoming impure but the walls of the Sukkah may be made from vessels of any other item which is capable of becoming impure.
For the above reason, it is preferable that anything that supports or holds the Sechach in place not be made of materials capable of becoming impure. Thus, one should preferably not tie down the Sechach with plastic zip ties so that it does not fly away. However, if the Sechach is sturdy enough as is and one is merely tying it down in order to prevent it from flying away in extremely strong winds, there is room for leniency in this regard.
דין הסכך בסוכה והקישוטים הנתלים בסכך
מצוה ליַפּוֹת את הסוכה
מצוה גדולה ליַפּוֹת את הסוכה ולנאותה כמה שאפשר, להכניס לתוכה כלים נאים, ולהאירה באור יקרות. וכתבו המקובלים, שעל ידי כיבוד הסוכה באור יקרות, יזכה האדם שנפשו תשב במנוחה בגן עדן, וכפי ערך מה שיקיים את המצוה בכוונה טובה באופן הנאות, כך יעשה לו שָם סוכה לנשמתו. ׁכמו שמבואר בזהר הקדוש פרשת פנחסׂ. ובהציע הכלים הנאים שיש לו' והמצעות הנאות בסוכה, יקשור לו האל יתברך כמה חופות בגן עדן העליון. ובכל זאת, יש לדעת, שלעתים מתוך הכוונה הטובה לקשט את הסוכה, הסוכה נפסלת. לכן יש להיות בקי בדינים המובאים כאן, לנהוג על פי ההלכה.
התנאים שיהיה הסכך כשר
נאמר בתורה (דברים טז.) “חג הסוכות תעשה לך באספך מגרנך ומיקבך”. ולמדו מכאן רבותינו (במסכת סוכה דף יב.), שיש לסכך את הסוכה, בדברים הנאספים מן הגורן ומן היקב, כלומר פסולת הגורן והיקב, שהם קש ותבן וזמורות ואשכולות ריקים מן הענבים, וכיוצא בהן.
וכן נאמר בספר נחמיה (פרק ח), שאמרו ראשי העם אל בני ישראל, “צאו ההר, והביאו עלי זית ועלי עץ שמן ועלי הדס ועלי תמרים ועלי עץ עבות, לעשות סוכות ככתוב”. ומכאן למדו רבותינו שצריך שיהיו לסכך שמסככים בו שלשה תנאים.
א. צריך שיהיה גידולו מן הארץ. ב. צריך שיהיה תלוש ולא מחובר לקרקע. ג. צריך שיהיה דבר שאינו ראוי לקבל טומאה. כמו פסולת הגורן והיקב, שבאה מן הארץ, והיא תלושה ואינה מחוברת לקרקע, וכן אינה ראויה לקבל טומאה, שכל דבר שאינו “אוכל” או “כלי”, אינו ראוי לקבל טומאה. ולמשל, אם גופו של מת, נגע בענף של דקל, אין הענף מקבל טומאה, אבל אם נגע גופו בכלי עץ, הרי הכלי מקבל טומאה. ולכן אין לסכך בכלי. (ואפילו אם נשבר הכלי, אין לסכך בשבריו).
ולפיכך אסור לסכך את הסוכה בכל מיני מתכות, שהרי אין גידולם מן הארץ. וכן אין מסככים בענפי אילן המחובר לקרקע, שאין לסכך אלא בדבר התלוש מן הקרקע. וכן אין מסככים בכל מיני אוכלים, כגון פירות, מפני שהם ראויים לקבל טומאה, וכן אין מסככים בכלים, אף על פי שהם עשויים עץ, מפני שהם ראויים לקבל טומאה, ואפילו אם סיכך בסכך כשר, אלא ששם עליו סכך פסול, הסוכה פסולה. ולכן אם בנה סוכה כשירה, אבל היא נמצאת תחת מרפסת של שכן וכדומה, ודאי שסוכה זו היא פסולה.
דין קשוטי נייר
הנייר אין מסככים בו, ואפילו הוא עשוי מעץ, מפני שנשתנתה צורתו לגמרי, ואינו נחשב לדבר שגידולו מן הארץ. ולכן, הקישוטים שנוהגים לתלות תחת סכך הסוכה, בכדי ליפות את הסוכה, הרי הם עלולים לפסול את הסוכה מפני שהם אינם סכך כשר.
לכן כתב מרן רבינו עובדיה יוסף זצ”ל, שצריך להקפיד לתלות את קישוטי הסוכה שתחת הסכך, באופן שיהיו צמודים לסכך, ותלויים בתוך ארבעה טפחים לסכך, (שהם כשלושים ושניים סנטימטר), שאם הם יורדים למטה, ליותר ממרחק של שלושים ושנים סנטימטר מהסכך, יש חשש פן יפסלו את הסוכה כאמור, אבל כשהם בתוך ארבעה טפחים, בטלים הם לגבי הסכך, ואין כל חשש שיפסלו את הסוכה, אפילו אם הם גדולים מאד.
ולסיכום: יש לסכך את הסוכה, בדבר שגידולו מן הארץ, ושהוא תלוש, ושאינו מקבל טומאה. ואם רוצים לקשט את הסוכה בקישוטי נייר, רשאים לעשות כן, אך יש לתלות את הקישוטים באופן שיהיו צמודים לסכך, ולא יהיו גדולים ויורדים מן הסכך יותר משלושים ושניים סנטימטר, שאז, הם עלולים לפסול את הסוכה
Laws of the Sechach (Roof) of the Sukkah and Decorations Hung from the Sechach
Similarly, the book of Nechemia (Chapter 8) states that the leaders of the nation told the Jewish people: “Go out to the mountain and bring olive branches, branches of an oily tree, myrtle branches, palm branches, and branches of a thick tree in order to make Sukkot as it is written.” Our Sages learned from here that in order to be valid, the Sechach must meet three requirements:
It must grow from the ground, it must be detached from the ground, and it must be something that is incapable of becoming impure (as we have already discussed), similar to the waste of granaries and wineries which grows from the ground, is detached from the ground, and is not capable of becoming impure, for anything which is neither a vessel or a food is incapable of becoming impure. If, for instance, a corpse would come in contact with a palm branch, the palm branch would not become impure. However, if it would come in contact with a wooden vessel, it would become impure, and it is thus invalid for use as Sechach (even if the vessel has broken, one may still not use the broken pieces as Sechach).
Thus, one may not use any type of metal as Sechach, as metal does not grow from the ground. Similarly, one may not use tree branches that are attached to the ground, for only things that are detached from the ground may be used as Sechach. Additionally, one may not use foods or vessels (even if they are made from wood) as Sechach, for these things are capable of becoming impure. Even if one covers his Sukkah with valid Sechach and only places invalid Sechach on top of that, the Sukkah is invalid. Therefore, if one builds a valid Sukkah but it is under a neighbor’s balcony, the Sukkah is most certainly invalid.
Therefore, Maran Rabbeinu Ovadia Yosef zt”l writes that one should take care to hang such decoration within four Tefachim (approximately thirty-two centimeters) of the Sechach, for in this way, they are considered part of the Sechach and they in no way invalidate the Sukkah, even if they are quite large. However, if the decorations droop below four Tefachim of the Sechach, there is concern for the invalidation of the Sukkah, as we have explained.
Summary: For the Sechach (roof) of the Sukkah, one must use a material which grows from the ground, is no longer attached to the ground, and which is incapable of becoming impure. If one wishes to adorn one’s Sukkah with paper decorations (or any other material for that matter), one may do so but one must make sure that they are hung in close proximity to the Sechach and do not droop down more than thirty-two centimeters (12.6 inches) from the Sechach, for this invalidates the Sukkah.
Newsletter Yom Kippur – Shabbat Ha’azinu – 5786



גמר כתיבה וחתימה טובה
תזכו לשנים רבות נעימות וטובות
שנה טובה ומתוקה





A few weeks ago we sent each member a private email with the list of the names of deceased loved ones for the Hashkavot on Yom Kippur. We also asked you to reply to that email to either (1) inform us of any changes to the list or (2) to let us know that the list is correct.
To date, we have not received a reply to many of the emails, and failure to do so will mean that we may not say the השכבה/hashkava individually for your relative(s) and instead just add the name(s) together with a list of other names, so please, if you have not yet replied to the email, recheck your emails and avoid a disappointment.
Alternatively, return the list by hand to a member of the Mahamad.
Donations can be made by
1) Handing it to a member of the executive or Mahamad.
2) Online Banking:
Bank | Branch Title (not address) | Sorting Code Number |
Natwest Bank plc
| 463 Bury New Road, Prestwich, Manchester M25 1AB | 01-07-20 |
Beneficiary’s Name | Account Number |
MANCHESTER CONGREGATION OF SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE JEWS | 01012525 |
Thank you
Arichut Yamim Tizku Leshanim Rabot
The Gabbaim

Moor Lane Women’s Nach Group

********

- Passover commemorates the going out of Egypt. Shavuos commemorates the giving of the Torah. What historical event can Yom Kippur be said to commemorate?
Moshe came down from Mount Sinai on the tenth of Tishrei with the second set of Tablets, signifying forgiveness for the sin of the golden calf. Yom Kippur can be said to commemorate this event, the first national day of forgiveness for the Jewish People. - For what kinds of sins does Yom Kippur not atone?
Sins committed against other people, including hurting someone's feelings. Yom Kippur does not atone for these sins until the perpetrator gains forgiveness from the victim himself. (Orach Chaim 606:1) - What should someone do if the person he wronged does not forgive him the first time?
He should try at least two more times to gain forgiveness.(Orach Chaim 606:1) - Why is the vidui confession included during the mincha prayer the afternoon before Yom Kippur?
Lest one choke while eating the pre-Yom Kippur meal and die without atonement, or lest one become intoxicated and unable to concentrate on the prayers at night.(Mishna Berura 607:1) - On Yom Kippur we refrain from: Working, eating, drinking, washing, anointing, family relations and wearing leather shoes. Which three of these prohibitions are more severe than the others?
Eating, drinking, working. (Mishna Kritut 1:1) - In what two ways does the prohibition against eating food on Yom Kippur differ from the prohibition against eating pork the entire year?
a. Although any amount is forbidden, eating on Yom Kippur is not punishable by a Sanhedrin until one has eaten food equal in volume to the size of a date. Eating pork, on the other hand, is punishable for eating even an olive-sized piece, which is smaller than a date. (Mishna Berura 612:1)
b. Eating on Yom Kippur incurs the punishment of karet – spiritual excision, whereas eating pork does not. - Who wrote the prayer “Unesaneh Tokef” said during the chazan's repetition of musaf?
“Unesaneh Tokef” was written by Rabbi Amnon of Mainz, Germany about 1000 years ago. - Why do we read the book of Yona on Yom Kippur?
The repentance of the people of Ninveh serves as an inspiration to us to repent, and shows us that repentance can overturn a Divine decree. (Shelah Hakadosh) - In what two ways does havdalah after Yom Kippur differ from havdalah after Shabbos?
After Yom Kippur, the blessing over spices is omitted from havdalah. Also, the source of the flame used for havdalah after Yom Kippur must be a fire kindled before Yom Kippur. (Orach Chaim 624:3,4) - Ideally, what mitzvah should one begin immediately after Yom Kippur?
Building the succa. (Rema, Orach Chaim 624:5)

אכילה ורחיצה ביום הכפורים
ביום הכפורים שחרית יטול ידיו עד סוף קשרי אצבעותיו בלבד, ויטול שלוש פעמים לסירוגין כדרכו בכל ימות השנה, ומברך על נטילת ידיים.
לא ירחוץ פניו במים ביום הכפורים בבוקר, ואם היו פניו מלוכלכות, כגון שיש לו לכלוך ליד עיניו, מותר לרחוץ המקום המלוכלך. ומי שהוא מפונק, ואין דעתו מיושבת עליו כשאינו רוחץ פניו בשחרית, מותר לו לרחוץ פניו בשחרית. והאשכנזים מחמירים בזה שלא לרחוץ הפנים ביום הכפורים אפילו מי שהוא איסטניס, אלא אם כן להעביר הלכלוך סביב עיניו וכיוצא בזה.
אסור לצחצח שיניים ביום הכפורים. ואפילו מי שמיקל בדבר בזהירות ביום תשעה באב, לא יעשה כן ביום הכפורים.
Eating and Washing Oneself on Yom Kippur
Regarding the custom of Kapparot, we have discussed in the past that this custom may be fulfilled through money. A bill is taken ($10, $20, etc.) and circled around the head of the atoned party three times, and the following text is recited: “This money is in your stead, your substitute, and your atonement. This money shall be donated to Tzedakah, and you should enter into good life and peace.” This text is printed in all Yom Kippur Machzorim. This process is repeated for every member of the family.
Some Laws of Yom Kippur
All are obligated to fast on Yom Kippur, including pregnant and nursing women. Any woman whose health is at risk due to the fast should consult a prominent Torah scholar who is well-versed in these laws, and he should render his ruling whether or not she must fast. One whose medical condition does not allow him to fast may not be stringent and fast, for our holy Torah writes, “That he shall live by them,” and not that he should die by them. One may not cause himself to die or even place himself in a possibly dangerous situation because of the fast of Yom Kippur. When Maran zt”l served as Chief Rabbi of Tel Aviv and for several years after this as well, he would spend the precious hours of every Erev Yom Kippur by travelling to the hospital in order to convince patients whom the fast of Yom Kippur posed a danger to not fast. He would quote the words of the Radbaz who writes that one who does not listen to doctors claiming that he places his complete trust in Hashem is a pious fool, for the Torah gives doctors permission to heal and by default, one must follow the rules of medicine after consulting with a prominent halachic authority.
One Suffering from an Illness which does not Pose any Danger
We should point out that even if one suffers from an ailment which is not necessarily life-threatening, nevertheless, sometimes the medications one takes make it necessary for one to drink, and if one does not, this may pose a danger to him. In such a situation, the patient should consult his doctor and a prominent halachic authority to discern the proper course of action. This situation is common in patients taking medications for mental illnesses; indeed, sometimes, some of these illnesses can be considered life-threatening in and of themselves.
One who Must Eat on Yom Kippur
If one must eat on Yom Kippur due to an illness, if he must eat and drink in a regular manner, he may do so, as the is nothing that stands in the way of a life-threatening situation. Nevertheless, usually this is not the case and one can make do with eating or drinking in a way that he does not consume large amounts of food or beverage in one shot. Rather, one should take breaks between eating and every time he eats or drinks, he should consume no more than thirty grams of food or forty grams of beverage. After approximately ten minutes have elapsed, he should eat or drink a similar amount. One should prepare organized and measured portions of food of approximately thirty grams before Yom Kippur. One should prepare himself a utensil that holds approximately forty grams of liquid (such as a baby bottle, shot glass, and the like) and every time one needs to, one should fill it up and drink from it.
Washing and Immersing Oneself on Yom Kippur
One may not wash himself with water on Yom Kippur. Even placing one’s finger into water is prohibited. Nevertheless, only pleasurable washing is prohibited; however, if one’s hands or any other body part were soiled from mortar and the like, one may wash them, as this does not constitute a pleasurable washing. Immersing oneself in a Mikveh is also forbidden on Yom Kippur.
On the morning of Yom Kippur, one should wash his hands only until his knuckles. One should wash each hand three times while switching off hands and recite the “Al Netilat Yadayim” blessing, as he would any other day of the year.
One should not wash one’s face on the morning of Yom Kippur; if one’s face is dirty due to eye residue and the like, one may wash the dirty place. If one is finicky and cannot relax until he has washed his face in the morning, he may do so on the morning of Yom Kippur. Ashkenazim are stringent regarding this matter and rule that even one who is finicky cannot wash his face; rather, one may only wash off the dirt around one’s eyes and the like.
One may not brush one’s teeth on Yom Kippur. Even one who acts leniently and brushes one’s teeth carefully on Tisha Be’av may not do so on Yom Kippur at all.
Newsletter Rosh Hashana 5786 – 2025



Wishing Members & Friends
of
ק׳ ק׳ שערי תפילה
Moor Lane Bet Hakeneset
a
כתיבה וחתימה טובה
תזכו לשנים רבות נעימות וטובות
שנה טובה ומתוקה
שנה עם בריאות ברכה מזל הצלחה פרנסה טובה
רפואה שלמה והצלה לכל עם ישראל






Moor Lane Women’s Nach Group

********

- Why do we blow the shofar during the month of Elul?
After the sin of the golden calf, Moshe went up to Mount Sinai to receive the second set of Tablets on Rosh Chodesh Elul. On that day, the Jewish People sounded the shofar to remind themselves to stray no more after idol worship. Also, the sound of the shofar strikes awe into our hearts and inspires us to return to the ways of Torah. (Mishna Berura and Aruch Hashulchan Orach Chaim 581) - Where in the written Torah text does it tell us explicitly that the first day of Tisrei is Rosh Hashanah?
Nowhere. The Torah calls it “a day of shofar blowing.” (This is one of many examples showing how our observance depends on the continuous oral tradition dating back to Mount Sinai). (Bamidbar 29:1) - We eat apples dipped in honey to symbolize a sweet year. Why do we choose apples above other sweet fruits?
Isaac blessed Jacob with the words: “The fragrance of my son is like the fragrance of a field which Hashem has blessed…” (Bereishis 27:27). The Talmud identifies this “field” as an apple orchard. (Ta'anis 29b, Biyur Hagra) - What two blessings do we say before sounding the shofar?
“Blessed are You… who has commanded us to hear the sound of the shofar,” and the shehechiyanu blessing. (Orach Chaim 581:2) - Which Book of Tanach does the beginning of the Tashlich prayer come from?
The Book of Micha (7:18-20). - What three barren women were “remembered” by Hashem on Rosh Hashanah?
Sara, Rachel and Chana. On Rosh Hashanah it was decreed that these barren women would bear children. (Tractate Rosh Hashanah 10b) - A person's yearly allowance is fixed on Rosh Hashanah, except for three types of expenses. What are they?
Expenses for Shabbos, Yom Tov, and the cost of one's children's Torah education. (Ba'er Hetaiv Orach Chaim 242:1) - We refer to the binding of Isaac in our prayers when we say: “Answer us as You answered Abraham our father on Mount Moriah…” What was Abraham's prayer on Mount Moriah?
He prayed that Mount Moriah should remain a place of prayer for all future generations (Onkelos 22:14). Also, he prayed that his sacrifice of the ram should be considered as though he had actually sacrificed Isaac. (Rashi 22:13) - Why, even in Israel, are there two days of Rosh Hashanah, whereas other festivals in Israel are celebrated for only one day?
Before our current exile, we did not have a fixed calendar as we do today. Rather, the Supreme Torah Court in Jerusalem determined our calendar on a month to month basis. They did this on the first day of every month, based on witnesses testifying that they had seen the new moon. Therefore, the people outside Israel had insufficient time to find out the exact date in time for the festivals. The “two-day festival” arose to correct this situation. In Israel, however, the people lived close enough to Jerusalem to find out the exact date of all the festivals except Rosh Hashanah. Since Rosh Hashanah occurs on the first day of the month, even those living in Jerusalem sometimes needed to observe it for two days, if the witnesses failed to arrive. - What halacha applies to the shehechiyanu blessing on the second night of Rosh Hashanah which does not apply on the second night of any other holiday?
On the second night of Rosh Hashanah it is customary to wear a new garment or to have a new fruit on the table when saying the shehechiyanu blessing. Thus, the shehechiyanu blessing applies not only to the holiday, but to the new garment or new fruit as well. (This is done in order to accommodate the minority of halachic authorities who rule that no shehechiyanu blessing be said on the second night of Rosh Hashanah.) (Taz 600:2)


תקיעת שופר
מצות עשה מן התורה לשמוע תרועת השופר ביום ראש השנה, שנאמר “יום תרועה יהיה לכם”. ואסור לדבר בין התקיעות, וכל שכן בזמן התקיעות עצמם, ומשעה שבירך “לשמוע קול שופר” (או שיצא ידי חובת הברכה מפי השליח ציבור), לא יוציא הגה מפיו עד שישמע את התקיעות.
נאמר בתורה שלוש פעמים “יום תרועה יהיה לכם”, “זכרון תרועה מקרא קודש”, “והעברת שופר תרועה”. וקיבלו רבותינו “הלכה למשה מסיני”, שכל התקיעות הללו אמורות לגבי ראש השנה, שיש לתקוע בו שלוש פעמים.
וכל תרועה שצריך לתקוע, מורכבת משלוש תקיעות. תקיעה, תרועה ותקיעה. כי כל תרועה, צריך שיהיו לפניה ולאחריה קולות של תקיעה פשוטה. שכך למדו רבותינו מן הפסוקים. נמצאנו למדים, שעלינו לתקוע שלוש תרועות, ולפני ולאחרי כל אחת מהן, יש לתקוע תקיעה פשוטה. ובסך הכל: תקיעה תרועה תקיעה, תקיעה תרועה תקיעה, תקיעה תרועה תקיעה. שהן תשעה קולות של שופר.
התקיעה שנאמרה בתורה, היא קול תקיעה חלקה, ישרה ורצופה. אולם לגבי התרועה שנאמרה בתורה, יש בידינו ספק מה היא. מפני שחלפו הרבה שנים, ונתפזרו עם ישראל בגלות, ותקיעת שופר היא דבר שמתרחש רק פעם אחת בשנה, ולכן אין אנו יודעים איך התרועה נשמעת, האם היא היללה שמיללות הנשים בשעה שמייבבות, והן קולות קצרים ביותר ורצופים (מה שאנו קוראים בזמן הזה “תרועה”), או שהתרועה היא האנחה כדרך שנאנח אדם פעם אחר פעם כאשר דואג לבו מדבר גדול (כלומר, שלוש פעמים תו תו תו, מה שאנו קוראים “שברים”). או אולי, התרועה שנאמרה בתורה היא שניהם יחד, גם קול היללה וגם קול השברים.
ומחמת הספק, אנו עושים הכל. נמצא שסדר התקיעות כך הוא: התוקע מברך, ומיד תוקע “תקיעה” ולאחריה שלושה “שברים” ואחריהם “תרועה” ואחריה “תקיעה”. וחוזר על סדר זה שלוש פעמים. ותוקע “תקיעה”, ואחריה שלושה “שברים” ואחריהם “תקיעה”, וחוזר על סדר זה שלוש פעמים. ותוקע “תקיעה” ואחריה “תרועה” ואחריה “תקיעה”, וחוזר על סדר זה שלוש פעמים. נמצא מנין התקיעות שלושים, כדי להסתלק מן הספק. (ראש השנה לד. והרמב”ם פ”ג ה”א ומרן בש”ע סימן תקצ).
והוא מה שאנו רואים במחזורים: תשר”ת תשר”ת תשר”ת, כלומר תקיעה שברים תרועה תקיעה – שלוש פעמים. ואחר כך, תש”ת תש”ת תש”ת, כלומר תקיעה שברים תקיעה – שלוש פעמים. ואחר כך תר”ת תר”ת תר”ת, והוא תקיעה תרועה תקיעה – שלוש פעמים.
ורמז לדבר “יום תרועה יהיה לכם”, “יהיה” בגימטריא שלושים.
ואלו התקיעות הן חובה מעיקר הדין. ומלבד זה תוקעים עוד שלושים תקיעות בחזרת השליח ציבור של מוסף. ולאחר מכן בסיום התפלה.
Shofar Blowing
There is a positive Torah commandment to hear the Shofar blasts on Rosh Hashanah, as the Torah states, “A day of blasts shall it be for you.” It is forbidden to speak between the various sets of Shofar blasts and this is certainly the case during the time the Shofar is actually being sounded. As soon as one recites the blessing of “Lishmo’a Kol Shofar” (or has fulfilled one’s obligation by hearing the Shofar blower recite it), one should not utter anything until one hears the Shofar blasts.
How Many Blasts Must One Hear?
According to the Torah, it is sufficient to hear nine Shofar blasts on Rosh Hashanah. Let us now discuss this further:
The Torah states “blasts” in three different contexts: “A days of blasts shall it be for you”, “A memorial of blasts, a convocation of holiness”, and “And you shall make a proclamation with the Shofar blasts”. Our Sages had an oral tradition from Moshe Rabbeinu that all of these blasts apply to Rosh Hashanah and one must sound three blasts on that day.
Every sounding of Shofar blasts on Rosh Hashanah must be comprised of three separate blasts: Teki’ah, Teru’ah, Teki’ah. This is because or Sages derived from various verses in the Torah that every Teru’ah sound must be preceded and followed by a Teki’ah sound. Thus, we must blow three Teru’ah blasts, each of them preceded and followed by a Teki’ah blast, amounting to three sets of Teki’ah, Teru’ah, Teki’ah, i.e. nine blasts.
Why Do We Blow Many More than Nine Shofar Blasts?
Based on the above, one should only be required to hear three sets of Teki’ah, Teru’ah, Teki’ah on Rosh Hashanah. However, this is not what is practiced, as we shall now explain:
The Teki’ah described by the Torah refers to a flat, straight, continuous Shofar blast. Nevertheless, a doubt exists regarding what the Torah describes as a “Teru’ah” because many years have passed and the Jewish nation has been scattered in the diaspora as a result of several long exiles. Thus, we are unsure whether Teru’ah refers to a wailing sound that women make when crying, i.e. very short, continuous sounds blown one after another (what we refer to as “Teru’ah” nowadays) or a longer sighing sound one would make again and again when worried about something important (three times, what we would call “Shevarim” nowadays). It is likewise possible that the Torah-prescribed “Teru’ah” actually refers to a combination of both sounds, sighing and wailing.
Because of this is vested in doubt, we blow all of these. Thus, the proper order of blowing the Shofar is, as follows: After reciting the blessing, the Shofar-blower blows a Teki’ah, followed by a Shevarim, immediately followed by a Teru’ah, followed by a Teki’ah. This order is repeated three times. After a brief pause, the blower then blows a Teki’ah, followed by a Shevarim, followed by a Teki’ah. This order is likewise repeated three times. After another short pause, the blower resumes by blowing a Teki’ah, followed by a Teru’ah, followed by a Teki’ah. This order is likewise repeated three times. The final order of Shofar blasts necessary in order to remove all doubt is therefore thirty. (See Rosh Hashanah 34a, Rambam Hilchot Shofar, Chapter 3, Halachot 1-3, and Shulchan Aruch, Chapter 590, Sections 1-2.)
These Shofar blasts are obligatory according to the letter of the law. Besides for these, thirty more blasts are blown during the silent Mussaf Amida prayer, another thirty during the Chazzan’s repetition of Mussaf, and a final ten within the Kaddish following Mussaf.
Newletter Parashat Nitzavim



*********
Moor Lane Women’s Nach Group



Pledge Reminder
There is a big segula to pay any debts before Rosh Hashana,
so we'd like to remind members and friends of the Bet Hakeneset
that if you have pledged
a donation to the Bet Hakeneset
after receiving an Aliya in the last few weeks,
the pledge can be fulfilled in any of the following ways:
· By post addressed to
'The Treasurer, Manchester Congregation of Spanish and Portuguese Jews,
18 Moor Lane, Salford, Manchester M7 3WX'.
· By hand to the treasurer or any member of the Mahamad.
·Anonymously – in the donations box in the Synagogue.
·Direct Debit to the shul's account – for account details please speak to the treasurer
· Using this link charityextra.com/charity/moorlane
·Cheque made payable to 'Manchester Congregation of Spanish & Portuguese Jews'.
Thank you & Tizke Lemitzvot


לוח זמני תפלה לקיץ תשפ״ה
Summer Timetable 5785 – 2025
מוצאי שבת | ערבית )מוצ”ש( | שקיעה | סוף זמן קראת שמע | זמן שבת | פלג מנחה (תה״ד) | פלג מנחה (לבוש) | מנחה וקבלת שבת | תאריך | שבת פרשת |
Shabbat Ends | Arbit | Sunset | Shema to be read before | Candles to be |
| Earliest Candle lighting | Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat* | Date | Parasha |
PM | PM | PM | AM | PM | PM | PM | PM |
|
|
8:01 | 7:57 | 7:11 | 9:56 | 6:59 | 6:27 | 5:57 | 6:59 | 19/20 Sep | נצבים |
🕯️SUMMER TIMES FOR SHABBAT 🕯️
שבת
קרבנות
9:00 am
הודו
9:15 am
מנחה
6:30 pm
********
On the last day of his life, Moshe gathers all the people, young and old, lowly and exalted, men and women, in a final initiation. The covenant includes not only those who are present, but even those generations yet unborn. Moshe admonishes the people again to be extremely vigilant against idol worship, because despite having witnessed the abominations of Egypt, there will always be the temptation to experiment with foreign philosophies as a pretext for immorality.
Moshe describes the desolation of the Land of Israel that will result from failure to heed Hashem’s mitzvahs. Both their descendants and foreigners alike will remark on the singular desolation of the Land and its apparent inability to be sown or to produce crops. The conclusion will be apparent to all — that the Jewish People have forsaken the One Who protects them, in favor of powerless idols. Moshe promises, however, that the people will eventually repent after both the blessings and the curses have been fulfilled. And, however assimilated they will have become among the nations, Hashem will eventually bring them back to the Land of Israel. Moshe tells the people to remember that the Torah is not a remote impossibility, but rather that its fulfillment is within the grasp of every Jew. This Torah portion concludes with a dramatic choice between life and death, with Moshe exhorting the people to choose life.
Ohr Somayach Institutions www.ohr.edu
צורת התפילה בראש השנה
שאלה: מה האופן הנכון לנהוג בו בתפלות ראש השנה? האם יש להתעורר ולבכות בשעת התפלה, כדי שה' ירחם עלינו וימלא משאלותינו לטובה? או שאולי נכון יותר להתפלל בשמחה?
ומכאן נראה לכאורה, שלא נכון להצטער ולבכות בתפלות של ראש השנה, שהוא יום שמחה. אלא יש להתפלל בשמחה ובאהבה.
ולכאורה נראה שיש מחלוקת בין רבינו האר”י לבין הגאון מוילנא בענין זה. ובכלל, לכאורה דברי האר”י מוקשים מאד, מפסוקים מפורשים בספר נחמיה.
והוא הדין למתפללים בכוונה בראש השנה, ועיניהם זולגות דמעות מרוב התרגשותם והתלהבותם, שיפה הם עושים. וברור הדבר מאד שרבינו האר”י שהיה עמוד העולם בקבלה האלהית, שר בית הזוהר, וכל רז לא אניס ליה, והיה נאה דורש ונאה מקיים, מרוב דבקותו בה' ובכוונות הקדושות בתפלותיו בימים הנוראים, היה מתעורר בבכיה רבה, והרי זה דומה למעשה של רבי עקיבא הנ”ל.
והוא הדין לכל אדם שבכיה נופלת עליו מאליו בימים הנוראים, על ידי התפלות הקדושות שמעוררות רשפי אש שלהבת יה, שאין בדבר חשש כלל, אבל להביא עצמו לידי בכיה, על ידי קול בכי וכדומה, אין להתיר, וכפי שכתוב בנחמיה. ואף שממשמעות דברי כמה מגדולי האחרונים משמע, שיש לעורר עצמו לבכיה, מכל מקום למעשה אין ראוי לנהוג כן, וכפי שכתבנו.
ולסיכום: אין לבכות בראש השנה. והתפלות של ראש השנה יש לאומרם בשמחה ובנעימה קדושה, ומתוך כוונה רבה, כי תפלה בלא כוונה כגוף בלא נשמה. ומכל מקום אדם שמתעורר מעצמו בבכיה ומתפלל בדמעות שליש, אין בזה שום חשש איסור כלל. ותבוא עליו ברכה. והשי”ת יקבל תפלתינו ברצון ונזכה כולנו יחד עם כל בית ישראל לשנה טובה ומבורכת כתיבה וחתימה טובה.
The Proper Way to Pray on Rosh Hashanah
Question: What is the proper way to behave during the prayers of Rosh Hashanah: Should one arouse himself to cry during the prayers in order for Hashem to pity us and grant us all of our requests or should one pray amid great joy?
Answer:
The Mitzvah to be Glad on Rosh Hashanah
The Poskim deliberate whether or not there is a Mitzvah and obligation to be joyous on Rosh Hashanah just as one must rejoice during the holidays of Pesach, Shavuot, and Sukkot. Halachically speaking, the She’iltot of Rav Achai Gaon (Parashat Chayei Sarah) writes that there is indeed a Mitzvah to be joyous on Rosh Hashanah. Similarly, Rav Sar-Shalom Gaon (quoted by the Rosh, Chapter 4, Rosh Hashanah) rules that the Mitzvah of be joyous applies to the holiday of Rosh Hashanah as well. It is therefore forbidden to fast on Rosh Hashanah. The Rashba (in Volume 4 of his Responsa, Chapter 262) likewise quotes Rav Hai Gaon who rules that it is forbidden to fast on Rosh Hashanah, for regarding this holiday the verse in the Book of Nechemia states, “Go and eat fatty foods and drink sweet beverages.”
Rosh Hashanah is Designated for Prayer and Supplication
Nevertheless, a majority of the days of Rosh Hashanah is dedicated to prayer and supplication to Hashem. Indeed, Rabbeinu Yitzchak be Ge’at writes in his Sefer Me’ah She’arim (page 44) that one may not fast on Rosh Hashanah, for although our Sages expounded the verse “Seek Hashem when He is present” as referring to the Ten Days of Repentance, they did mean to establish these days as days of fasting; rather, these days are designated for prayer and supplication. These days are indeed called “Days of Repentance” and not “Days of Fasting.” One should therefore not fast on Rosh Hashanah, for one may not rebuff the obligation to rejoice on Yom Tov. Other Rishonim write likewise.
It would seem from here that one should not feel sorrow or cry during the prayers of Rosh Hashanah, for Rosh Hashanah is a day of joy. Rather, one should pray joyfully and out of love.
The Opinion of Rabbeinu Ha’Ari z”l
On the other hand, Rabbeinu Chaim Vital (chief disciple of the saintly Ari z”l) attests in his Sha’ar Ha’Kavanot (page 90) that the great Rabbeinu Ha’Ari would cry copiously during the prayers of Rosh Hashanah. He would say that if one was not overcome by weeping during these days, it is an indication that this individual’s soul is incomplete and unrefined. Many great Acharonim quote his words.
The Opinion of the Vilna Gaon
Nevertheless, the Sefer Ma’aseh Rav (a book detailing the practices of Hagaon Rabbeinu Eliyahu of Vilna) writes in the name of the Vilna Gaon that one should not cry on Rosh Hashanah, for the verse in Nechemia states that after the entire nation began to weep, Ezra the Scribe and Nechemia told them, “This day is holy to Hashem your G-d, do not mourn and do not cry etc. Go and eat fatty foods, drink sweet beverages, and send portions to those who do not have, for the day is sanctified for our Lord; do not be saddened, for the gladness of Hashem is your fortress.” The Gaon of Vilna would thus make sure that the Chazzan would chant the Kaddish in a tune in honor of Yom Tov.
It would seem that a disagreement exists between the saintly Ari z”l and the Vilna Gaon regarding this matter. It is even more difficult to understand, for it would seem that Rabbeinu Ha’Ari’s opinion is in direct contradiction with an explicit verse in the Book of Nechemia!
The Opinion of Maran Rabbeinu Ovadia Yosef zt”l
Maran Rabbeinu Ovadia Yosef zt”l writes (in his Responsa Yabia Omer, Volume 1, Chapter 36, Volume 9, Chapter 51, Responsa Yechave Da’at, Volume 2, Chapter 69, and Chazon Ovadia-Yamim Nora’im, page 87) that there is actually no disagreement here and all opinions agree that although one should not consciously cause himself to be sad and cry due to the sanctity of the day, nevertheless, if one happens to be aroused during the Rosh Hashanah prayers and begins to cry on his own as a result of holy excitement, his cleaving to Hashem, and his concentration on the prayers of the Days of Awe (a feeling similar to becoming emotional in a sanctified manner), this is not forbidden at all. Similarly, the Turei Zahav (Orach Chaim, Chapter 283, Subsection 2) writes that the Midrash states that once, Rabbi Akiva’s students found Rabbi Akiva reading Shir Ha’Shirim (Song of Songs) while crying on Shabbat. He told them that although it is forbidden to cry on Shabbat, as the verse states, “And you shall call the Shabbat a delight,” nevertheless, since crying was a delight for him, it was permissible. The Turei Zahav explains that because Rabbi Akiva was so close to Hashem, when he would read Shir Ha’Shirim, he would understand with his great and holy wisdom how deep the concepts contained in the holy scripture really were and this would cause his eyes to tear. A similar idea can be found by righteous Torah scholars who pray fervently. Indeed, we have seen several times that when Maran zt”l would read the moving verses of the Nevi’im in the weekly Haftara portion, he would usually begin to cry, even on Shabbat, as a result of his great emotion and love of Hashem (Maran zt”l deals with matter lengthily in his various works).
The same applies to those praying fervently on Rosh Hashanah at which point their eyes begin to tear and they begin to cry; this is indeed a fine custom. Clearly, the saintly Ari z”l, to whom all of the secrets of the Torah were open and revealed, was on this lofty level where, as a result of his saintly emotions and holy concentration during the prayers of Rosh Hashanah, he would begin to weep copiously similar to the above incident concerning Rabbi Akiva.
Indeed, the same applies to any individual who becomes uplifted and, as a result, begins to cry on his own during the holy and intense prayers of the Days of Awe and there is nothing wrong with this at all. However, one may not bring himself to cry by beginning to recite the prayer in a wailing tune and the like, as the verse in Nechemia clearly states. Although it seems from some great Acharonim that one should cause himself to cry, halachically speaking, one should not behave this way.
Summary: One may not cry on Rosh Hashanah. One should recite the Rosh Hashanah prayers amid much joy, pleasantness, and great concentration, for prayer without concentration is like a body without a soul. Nevertheless, if one is uplifted to a point where he begins to cry on his own during the Rosh Hashanah prayers, there is no prohibition involved in doing so. May Hashem accept our prayers graciously and may we and the entire Jewish nation merit a good and sweet new year and may we all be inscribed and sealed in Hashem’s Book of Life, Amen.