Newsletter – Parshat Vayigash

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Shabbat Times

לוח זמני תפלה לחורף תשע"ט

Winter Timetable 5779 – 2018 / 19

 

מוצאי שבת

ערבית )מוצ"ש(

שקיעה

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הדלקת נרות

מנחה וקבלת שבת

תאריך

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Shabbat

Ends

Arbit

Sunset

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Shema before

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Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat

Date

Parasha

PM

PM

PM

PM

AM

PM

PM

 

 

4:48

4:40

3:48

3:10

10:11

3:34

3:35

14/15 Dec

ויגש

 

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Q & A on Parashat Vayigash

 All references are to the verses and Rashi’s commentary, unless otherwise stated.

  1. What threatening words did Yehuda say to Yosef?
    44:18 – He threatened that Yosef would be stricken with leprosy, like Pharaoh when he took Sarah from Avraham. Alternatively, Yehuda threatened to kill Yosef and Pharaoh.
  2. Why did Yehuda say his missing brother died?
    44:20 – Yehuda feared that if he said his missing brother was alive, Yosef would demand to see him.
  3. Why was Yehuda the one to plead for Binyamin?
    44:32 – He was the one who took "soul" responsibility for him.
  4. What do we learn from Yosef telling his brothers "Go up to my father"?
    45:9 – We learn that Eretz Yisrael is higher than all other lands.
  5. What two things did the brothers see that helped prove that he was really Yosef?
    45:12 – He was circumcised like they were, and he spoke lashon hakodesh.
  6. Why did Binyamin weep on Yosef's neck?
    45:14 – Binyamin wept for the destruction of Mishkan Shilo built in Yosef's territory.
  7. Why did Yosef send old wine to Yaakov?
    45:23 – Elderly people appreciate old wine.
  8. What did Yosef mean when he said "Don't dispute on the way"?
    45:24 – He warned that if they engage in halachic disputes, they might not be alert to possible travel dangers.
  9. What happened to Yaakov when he realized Yosef was alive?
    45:27 – His ruach hakodesh (prophetic spirit) returned.
  10. Why did G-d tell Yaakov, "Don't fear going down to Egypt"?
    46:3 – Because Yaakov was grieved to leave Eretz Canaan.
  11. "I will bring you up" from Egypt. To what did this allude?
    46:4 – That Yaakov would be buried in Eretz Canaan.
  12. What happened to the property that Yaakov acquired in Padan Aram?
    46:6 – He traded it for Esav's portion in the Cave of Machpelah.
  13. Who was the mother of Shaul ben HaCanaanit?
    46:10 – Dina bat Yaakov.
  14. When listing Yaakov's children, the verse refers to Rachel as "Rachel, wife of Yaakov." Leah, Bilhah and Zilpah are not referred to as Yaakov's wives. Why?
    46:19 – Rachel was regarded as the mainstay of the family.
  15. Yosef harnessed his own chariot instead of letting a servant do it. Why?
    46:29 – Yosef wanted to hasten to honor his father.
  16. Why were shepherds abhorrent to the Egyptians?
    46:34 – Because the Egyptians worshipped sheep.
  17. Why did Yosef pick the weakest brothers to stand before Pharaoh?
    47:2 – So Pharaoh wouldn't see their strength and draft them.
  18. What blessing did Yaakov give Pharaoh when he left his presence?
    47:10 – That the waters of the Nile should rise to greet Pharaoh.
  19. Yosef resettled the land of Egypt, moving the people from city to city. What were his two motives for this?
    47:21 – In order to remind them that they no longer owned the land, and to help his family by removing the stigma of being strangers.
  20. Whose fields were not bought by Yosef?
    47:22 – The Egyptian priests.

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Halachot from Maran Rabbi Ovadia Yosef Ztz'l

 נטילת ידיים לאחר ביקור בקברי צדיקים, ועוד

שאלה: האם יש ליטול ידיים לאחר ביקור בקברי צדיקים או בבית הקברות? והאם החיוב הוא דוקא כשמבקרים בבית הקברות, או אפילו לאחר השתתפות בהלוייה?

תשובה: מרן השלחן ערוך (סימן ד) כתב, ש"ההולך בין המתים, צריך ליטול את ידיו". וכן נהגו מימות עולם, שהמבקרים בבית הקברות, נוטלים אחר כך את ידיהם, עם כלי, ונוטלים שלוש פעמים בכל יד לסירוגין, כפי שעושים בנטילת ידיים של שחרית.

טעם הנטילה
ומקור הדברים בדברי המרדכי (ברכות סי' קצד) ושאר הראשונים. אולם טעם נטילת הידיים הזו, שנוי במחלוקת. כי הרמב"ן בתורת האדם (שער האבל עמוד קנו) כתב, שיש ליטול ידיים במים כשיוצאים מבית הקברות, משום שהמים רומזים ליצירת האדם. והסביר את הדברים קצת באריכות. והמאירי (קונטרס בית יד, ה"ד בהלכה ברורה ח"א עמ' ק) כתב, שהטעם הוא משום נקיות בלבד.

ולעומתם כתב המהרי"ל, שטעם הנטילה הוא משום רוח רעה ששורה על הידיים לאחר הביקור בבית הקברות. וכן מוכח מדברי עוד מרבותינו הראשונים. ואף הרמב"ן בסוף דבריו הביא ששמע מפי אחד מרבותיו שיש ליטל ידיים, משום שהם רמז לטהרת הטומאה. עיין שם.

ולפיכך מובן היטב, מה שנהגו שכל הנכנס לארבע אמותיו של הנפטר, נוטל את ידיו. (וכן כתב המגן אברהם סעיף קטן כא). שהרי יש שם טומאת מת. וכן כל המלוים את המת, ששהו בתוך ארבע אמותיו נוהגים שנוטלים את ידיהם.

מי שרק השתתף בהלויה
אבל מי שהשתתף בהלויה, ולא היה מנושאי המיטה, ולא קרב כלל אל המיטה (לתוך ארבע אמותיה, כשני מטר), ולא היה כלל באהל המת, (כלומר, בחדר שהו המת), כתב הרמב"ן בתורת האדם (עמוד קנה) בשם גאון, שאינו צריך ליטול את ידיו כלל.

ויש לציין, כי הביקור בבית הקברות שלא לצורך הוא דבר שאינו רצוי, ומרן רבינו עובדיה יוסף זצ"ל היה מייעץ למקורביו שלא לבקר כלל בבית הקברות. והיה מזכיר את דברי הגר"א מוילנא, שכל הצרות והעוונות באים מחמת ביקור בבית העלמין.

קברי הצדיקים
וכל זה בסתם בתי קברות, אבל מי שמבקר במקום שקבור בו צדיק, ואין שם קברות אחרים בסמוך אליו, כמו קבר רבי שמעון בר יוחאי וכדומה, אינו צריך ליטול את ידיו אחר כך. מפני שאין רוח רעה מצוייה שם. (ילקוט יוסף סימן ד עמוד תיב).

ולסיכום: מי שביקר בבית הקברות, צריך ליטול אחר כך את ידיו, כפי שנוטלים ידיים בבוקר. וכן מי ששהה בבית שיש בו נפטר, או בתוך ארבע אמותיו של הנפטר, צריך ליטול ידיו. ולעתיד לבוא יקומו המתים לתחיה, ותתבטל טומאתם, יראו עינינו וישמח לבנו במהרה בימינו. אמן.

Washing One’s Hands After Visiting the Graves of Righteous Individuals

Question: Must one wash his hands after visiting the graves of righteous individuals or visiting a cemetery? Is the obligation to do so specifically after visiting a cemetery or is one obligated to do so even after participating in a funeral?

Answer: Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch (Chapter 4) writes: “One who walks between the deceased must wash his hands.” This is indeed the age-old custom that after one visits a cemetery, one washes his hands with a vessel three times while alternating from hand to hand as one would perform the Netilat Yadayim upon awakening in the morning.

The Reason for This Hand-Washing
The source for this law can be found in the commentary of the Mordechi (Berachot, Chapter 194) among other Rishonim. Nevertheless, the reason for this hand-washing is subject to a disagreement. The Ramban writes in his Torat Ha’Adam (Sha’ar Ha’Evel, page 156) that one must wash his hands after leaving a cemetery, for water symbolizes man’s formation. He proceeds to discuss this matter lengthily. However, the Meiri (in his Kuntres Bet Yad quoted by theHalacha Berura, Volume 1, page 100) writes that the reason for this is merely for the purpose of cleanliness.

On the other hand, the Maharil writes that the reason for this is because of the Evil Spirit which rests on one’s hands after visiting a cemetery. Other Rishonim write likewise. Indeed, even the Ramban writes at the end of his discussion that he has heard from one of his teachers that the reason for this hand-washing is that it symbolizes purification of the impure.

Based on this, it is quite understandable why it is customary for anyone who enters the four Amot (approximately six feet) of a deceased person to wash his hands (see Magen Avraham, Chapter 4, Subsection 21 where he rules likewise), for the impurity of the dead rests there. Similarly, all those who have accompanied the body of the deceased and were within four Amot of the body customarily wash their hands.

One Who Participates in a Funeral
Nevertheless, if one merely participates in a funeral but did not carry the casket, enter within four Amot of it, or enter a roofed area along with the casket, the Ramban writes in his Torat Ha’Adam (page 155) in the name of a Gaon that one need not wash his hands at all.

We must point out that visiting a cemetery needlessly is not the best thing to do. Indeed, Maran Rabbeinu Ovadia Yosefzt”l would advise those close to him not to visit cemeteries at all. He would quote Hagaon Rabbeinu Eliyahu of Vilna as saying that all sorts of suffering and sins come about as a result of visiting cemeteries.

Graves of Righteous Individuals
All of the above applies to regular cemeteries; however, if one visits the grave of a righteous individual and there are no other graves in the vicinity, such as the tomb of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, one need not wash his hands afterward, for no Evil Spirit rests there (see Yalkut Yosef, Chapter 4, page 412).

Summary: One who visits a cemetery must wash his hands as he does in the morning upon exiting the cemetery. Similarly, one who was in a house along with the body of a deceased person or one who enters the four Amot (approximately six feet) of a deceased person must wash his hands. In the future, the deceased will be resurrected and their impurity will be nullified. May we merit seeing this day, speedily and in our lifetimes, Amen.

 

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Shabbat Shalom


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