Newsletter Parshat Vayigash – Taanit Asara Betevet




Sir Moses Montefiore is a giant of Jewish history. He was a British financier, philanthropist, Sheriff of London, and close to Queen Victoria. He was a member of Bevis Marks synagogue – where his seat is now reserved for VIPs – and President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews. He was key in unifying British Sephardim and Ashkenazim, and also was active in helping Jewish communities around the world from Russia, to Morocco, to Eretz Israel.
Abigail Green is Professor of Modern European History at the University of Oxford. Her biography of Sir Moses Montefiore won the Sami Rohr Choice Award 2012, was named a New Republic Best Book of 2010, and a TLS Book of the Year 2010.
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Ton Tielen and David Mendoza
Sephardic World
On the 10th of Tebet the holy city of Jerusalem was besieged. This was the beginning of a chain of calamities that would eventually lead to the destruction of the Bet HaMiqdash. Derush Hatam Sofer (Ribi Mosh Sofer, Derush Adar 7:4) explains that on the 10th of Tebet it was decided in Heaven that the Bet HaMiqdash was to be destroyed. Every subsequent year a judgment is held in the heavenly courts to determine whether or not the third Bet HaMiqdash is to be rebuilt. Due to this important reason, even if the fast fell on Shabat, [1] we would be required to fast (Abudraham, O”H Siman 550), as the pasuq states (Yehezqel 24:2) “be’esem hayom haz” indicating that the fast must be conducted on the exact day it falls on. Even on Tish’a BeAb we do not fast if it lands on Shabat. Therefore, when fasting on ‘Asara BeTebet one should realize that we are all being judged on whether or not the third Bet HaMiqdash will be rebuilt this year and we should make this fast very dear to us.
[1] Before our modern day set calendar, the holidays and fast days would be determined based upon when Rosh Hodesh was established. Rosh Hodesh would only be established once two witnesses came to the Bet Din and testified that they had seen the moon. Nowadays, with our fixed calendar, the 10th of Tebet can never fall on Shabat.
This year there is the rare occurrence where the fast of ‘Asara BeTebet falls out on a Friday. There are some differences when this situation occurs compared to when the fast falls on a regular weekday, see below for those differences.
Tora Reading
When this fast occurs on ‘Ereb Shabat as opposed to a regular weekday, Moroccan Jews follow the Bet Yosef’s ruling (O”H Siman 550) [2] to not read the parasha of VaYehal Mosh that is read at Minha on normal fast days.[3] Some write that this is still the minhag of Meknes.[4]
[2] Opposing the opinion of the Agur who quotes the Shibol HaLeqet. HaMalakh Refael Berdugo (Torot Emet, O”H 550:3) writes that the custom of Moroccan Jewry is to follow the Agur. See also Shufr DeYosef Berdugo and Ribi David ‘Obadia (Nahagu Ha’Am) who quotes the Torot Emet.
[3] This is because the holiness of Shabat already starts from hasot of Friday. Therefore, we do not read such perashiot. See HaMalakh Refael Berdugo (ibid.) who writes this but clarifies that on fast days that fall during the week the Tora is read at Minha, Nahagu Ha’Am (Ta’aniot), and Ribi Yosef Berdugo (Shufr DeYosef, Hilkhot Ta’anit).
[4] See Maghen Abot (notes of e”H Ribi Abraham ‘Amar s”t (Luah Be-ito) in the name of Ribi Dabiliski) who holds that this custom should be upheld by those who have such a tradition. E”H Ribi Yishaq Rasabi s”t writes that certain Yemenite communities did not read this Tora portion either (see S”A HaMequsar).
Nevertheless, for reasons unknown it appears that the prevalent custom nowadays is to read the Tora at Minha even in Moroccan synagogues.[5]
[5] Although this custom is mentioned in the above sources, it appears that it was not prevalent in most communities. In the Kisur Shulhan ‘Arukh of Ribi Refael Barukh Toledano this minhag is not mentioned. Furthermore, when the Shufr DeYosef and Nahagu Ha’Am do mention it, they do not write that this is what was practiced, they simply quote what they found in the Torot Emet. After discussing the matter with e”H Ribi Shelomo Dayan s”t (author of ‘Ateret Shelomo), and others, it was unanimously agreed that the minhag to not read the parasha is not the prevalent one, and one should indeed read from the Sefer Tora at Minha when the fast of ‘Asara BeTebet falls on a Friday. E”H Ribi David Banon s”t mentions that he was in Morocco 14 years ago when the fast fell on ‘Ereb Shabat, and e”H Ribi Shim’on Suissa s”t was posek to read from the Tora and further mentioned that if the tefila would be at Minha Gedola, tefilin would also be worn. E”H Ribi David Peres s”t mentions that his community in Caracas, Venezuela also reads from the Sefer Tora at Minha as well as e”H Ribi ‘Amram Assayag s”t (Chief Sefaradi Rabbi of Toronto). See also Osar HaMikhtabim (Heleq 3, 829), VaYomer Yishaq (Ta’aniot Siman 2), Ma’as Bereshit (Ta’anit), and Shoshanim LeDavid Sabah (Heleq 2, Siman 4).
During the Tora reading on fast days, the minhag is that when the reader reaches the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy (Shelosh ‘Esr Midot, beginning from “Ado-nai, Ado-nai”), he stops while the congregation says them aloud; he then reads them aloud himself and continues with the rest of the reading.[6] It should be mentioned that this is only done on fast days and not on Shabat Perashat Ki Tisa when the same portion is read. Qadish is not said after this reading, rather the Tora is returned to the hekhal followed by Qadish and the ‘Amida.[7]
[6] E”H Ribi Mordekhai Lebhar s”t explains that this is done in order to awaken the congregation during fast days to change their ways and start emulating the midot of their creator, Hashem, Yitbarakh Shemo La’ad. See Maran HaHida in LeDavid Emet (Siman 10:10) who says this is the minhag, Ribi Yishaq ibn Danan (LeYishaq Reah 100), Ribi Yosef Benaim (Noheg BeHokhma, Sefer Tora 4 p.141) who brings this minhag in the name of the Sefer HaHasidim (Siman 200), and Ribi David ‘Obadia (Nahagu Ha’Am, Ta’aniot, p.116).
[7] See the Moroccan mahzor Hamesh Ta’aniot.
Tefilin
The Bet Yosef (Siman 46) rules that tefilin must be worn during Minha on fast days since we are lacking in the 100 berakhot that one is required to say everyday due to the fact that we are not eating and miss out on those berakhot. Therefore, the minhag in Morocco developed to wear the talet and tefilin at Minha with a berakha, on all fast days, in order to arrive at these 100 berakhot.[8]
[8] See Ribi Yishaq Benoualid (VaYomer Yishaq, Liqutim: Ta’anit 2). So too is the custom in Fes (heard from e”H Ribi Aharon Monsonego s”t), Meknes, Marrakech, Tanger, Tetouan (e”H Ribi Ya’aqob Benaim s”t, Maghen Abot, O”H p.428 79), and most other cities.
However, when a fast falls on ‘Ereb Shabat (Friday) tefilin are not worn after hasot, therefore they are not worn at Minha, even according to Moroccans.[9]
[9] Ribi Yishaq Benoualid (VaYomer Yishaq, Heleq 1, Liqutim O”H Ta’aniot), however, rules that when the fast falls on ‘Ereb Shabat, tefilin are NOT worn because the holiness of Shabat has already presided. He bases his ruling on reasons rooted in Qabala. The posqim who mention this minhag seem to imply that even if Minha Gedola is prayed, one still does not wear tefilin because it is after hasot; see Maran HaHida in Mahziq Berakha (Siman 267) and Kaf HaHayim (Siman 25:100).
לוח זמני תפלה לחורף תשפ״א
מוצאי שבת | ערבית | שקיעה | מנחה שבת | סוף זמן קריאת שמע | הדלקת נרות | מנחה וקבלת שבת | תאריך | שבת פרשת |
Shabbat Ends | Arbit | Sunset | Minha | Shema before | Candle Lighting | Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat | Date | Parasha |
PM | PM | PM | PM | AM | PM | PM |
|
|
4:54 | 4:50 | 3:53 | 3:15 | 10:17 | 3:38 | 3:10 | 25/26 Dec | ויגש |
Q & A on Parashat Vayigash
All references are to the verses and Rashi’s commentary, unless otherwise stated.
- What threatening words did Yehuda say to Yosef?
44:18 – He threatened that Yosef would be stricken with leprosy, like Pharaoh when he took Sarah from Avraham. Alternatively, Yehuda threatened to kill Yosef and Pharaoh. - Why did Yehuda say his missing brother died?
44:20 – Yehuda feared that if he said his missing brother was alive, Yosef would demand to see him. - Why was Yehuda the one to plead for Binyamin?
44:32 – He was the one who took “soul” responsibility for him. - What do we learn from Yosef telling his brothers “Go up to my father”?
45:9 – We learn that Eretz Yisrael is higher than all other lands. - What two things did the brothers see that helped prove that he was really Yosef?
45:12 – He was circumcised like they were, and he spoke lashon hakodesh. - Why did Binyamin weep on Yosef's neck?
45:14 – Binyamin wept for the destruction of Mishkan Shilo built in Yosef's territory. - Why did Yosef send old wine to Yaakov?
45:23 – Elderly people appreciate old wine. - What did Yosef mean when he said “Don't dispute on the way”?
45:24 – He warned that if they engage in halachic disputes, they might not be alert to possible travel dangers. - What happened to Yaakov when he realized Yosef was alive?
45:27 – His ruach hakodesh (prophetic spirit) returned. - Why did G-d tell Yaakov, “Don't fear going down to Egypt”?
46:3 – Because Yaakov was grieved to leave Eretz Canaan. - “I will bring you up” from Egypt. To what did this allude?
46:4 – That Yaakov would be buried in Eretz Canaan. - What happened to the property that Yaakov acquired in Padan Aram?
46:6 – He traded it for Esav's portion in the Cave of Machpelah. - Who was the mother of Shaul ben HaCanaanit?
46:10 – Dina bat Yaakov. - When listing Yaakov's children, the verse refers to Rachel as “Rachel, wife of Yaakov.” Leah, Bilhah and Zilpah are not referred to as Yaakov's wives. Why?
46:19 – Rachel was regarded as the mainstay of the family. - Yosef harnessed his own chariot instead of letting a servant do it. Why?
46:29 – Yosef wanted to hasten to honor his father. - Why were shepherds abhorrent to the Egyptians?
46:34 – Because the Egyptians worshipped sheep. - Why did Yosef pick the weakest brothers to stand before Pharaoh?
47:2 – So Pharaoh wouldn't see their strength and draft them. - What blessing did Yaakov give Pharaoh when he left his presence?
47:10 – That the waters of the Nile should rise to greet Pharaoh. - Yosef resettled the land of Egypt, moving the people from city to city. What were his two motives for this?
47:21 – In order to remind them that they no longer owned the land, and to help his family by removing the stigma of being strangers. - Whose fields were not bought by Yosef?
47:22 – The Egyptian priests.

תענית עשרה בטבת בשנה זו
יום ששי,
הוא צום עשרה בטבת.
בשנה
כמו זו, שחל יום עשרה בטבת בערב שבת, נחלקו רבותינו הראשונים,
האם
יש לסיים את התענית כבכל תענית, או שיש לאכול לפני סיום הצום, כדי שלא להכנס לשבת
כשהוא מעונה. ולהלכה, יש לסיים את התענית גם כשהיא חלה ביום ששי. (הרמ”א סימן
רמט, חזון עובדיה ד' תעניות עמוד טו). אולם אין לדחות את צאת הצום יותר מדאי.
לכן,
נוהגים
להקדים מעט את תפלת המנחה של ערב שבת (בכעשרים דקות יותר מוקדם מהרגיל, בארץ ישראל
בערך בשעה ארבע אחר הצהריים), ומסיימים את החזרה לפני השקיעה (כי בחזרת הש”ץ
יש קריאת התורה וברכת כהנים), ולאחר מכן מזדרזים כמה שניתן כדי שיוכלו הקהל להגיע
לבתיהם לקדש ולסעוד מוקדם ככל האפשר.
Tenth of Tevet
day for the entire Jewish nation. On a year like this when the Tenth of Tevet
falls out on Erev Shabbat, the Rishonim disagree whether one should complete
the fast until the onset of Shabbat or if one should not complete the fast so
as not to enter Shabbat while suffering from the fast. Halachically speaking,
the Rama (Chapter 249, Section 4) rules that one must complete the fast and
continue fasting until nightfall. Maran Rabbeinu Ovadia Yosef zt”l rules likewise in his Chazon
Ovadia-Arba Ta’aniyot (page 15) where he proceeds to prove that this is indeed
the opinion of Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch as well.
begin eating as close to the end of the fast as possible
out of concern for the opinions among the Rishonim who prohibit entering
Shabbat while fasting. This is indeed the procedure that Hagaon Harav David
Yosef Shlit”a announced would be followed tomorrow night in his prestigious Bet
Midrash Yechave Da’at in Jerusalem. May Hashem change all of our fast days into
days of festivity and rejoicing, speedily and in our days, Amen.
Newsletter Parashat Miketz








41 – Hanukah: The Greek Agenda – HaGaon Rabbi Yaakov Hillel – Straight from the Heart

לוח זמני תפלה לחורף תשפ״א
מוצאי שבת | ערבית | שקיעה | מנחה שבת | סוף זמן קריאת שמע | הדלקת נרות | מנחה וקבלת שבת | תאריך | שבת פרשת |
Shabbat Ends | Arbit | Sunset | Minha | Shema before | Candle Lighting | Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat | Date | Parasha |
PM | PM | PM | PM | AM | PM | PM |
|
|
4:50 | 4:45 | 3:49 | 3:15 | 10:14 | 3:35 | 3:35 | 18/19 Dec | מקץ |
Q & A on Parashat Miketz
- What did the fat cows being eaten symbolize?
41:4 – That all the joy of the plentiful years would be forgotten. (Not that the good years would provide food for the bad years.) - How did Pharaoh's recollection of his dream differ from Nevuchadnetzar's recollection of his dream?
41:8 – Pharaoh remembered the contents of his dream but didn't know its meaning. Nevuchadnetzar forgot even the contents of his dream. - What was significant about the fact that Pharaoh dreamed repeatedly?
41:32 – It showed that the seven good years would start immediately. - What does “Tsafnat Panayach” mean?
41:45 – He who explains things that are hidden and obscure. - What happened to the Egyptians' grain that was stored in anticipation of the famine?
41:55 – It rotted. - What did Yosef require the Egyptians to do before he would sell them grain?
41:55 – Become circumcised. - Did Yaakov and his family still have food when he sent his sons to Egypt? If yes, why did he send them?
42:1 – Yes, but he sent them because he did not want to cause envy in the eyes of those who did not have food. - What prophetic significance lay in Yaakov's choice of the word “redu” — “descend” (and not “lechu” — “go”)?
42:2 – It hinted to the 210 years that the Jewish people would be in Egypt: The word “redu” has the numerical value of 210. - Why does the verse say “Yosef's brothers” went down to Egypt (and not “Yaakov's sons”)?
42:3 – Because they regretted selling Yosef and planned to act as brothers by trying to find him and ransom him at any cost. - When did Yosef know that his dreams were being fulfilled?
42:9 – When his brothers bowed to him. - Under what pretext did Yosef accuse his brothers of being spies?
42:12 – They entered the city through 10 gates rather than through one gate. - Why did the brothers enter the city through different gates?
42:13 – To search for Yosef throughout the city. - Who was the interpreter between Yosef and his brothers?
42:23 – His son Menashe. - Why did Yosef specifically choose Shimon to put in prison?
42:24 – Because he was the one who cast Yosef into the pit and the one who said, “Here comes the dreamer.” Alternatively, to separate him from Levi, as together they posed a danger to him. - How does the verse indicate that Shimon was released from prison after his brothers left?
42:24 – The verse says Shimon was bound “in front of their eyes,” implying that he was bound only while in their sight. - What was Yaakov implying when he said to his sons: “I am the one whom you bereaved”?
42:36 – That he suspected them of having slain or sold Shimon, and that they may have done the same to Yosef. - How did Reuven try to persuade Yaakov to send Binyamin to Egypt?
42:37 – He said, “Kill my two sons if I fail to bring back Binyamin.” - How long did it take for Yaakov and family to eat all the food that the brothers brought back from Egypt? Give the answer in terms of travel time.
43:2,10 – Twice the travel time to and from Egypt. - How much more money did the brothers bring on their second journey than they brought on the first journey? Why?
43:12 – Three times as much, in order to repay the money they found in their sacks and to buy more even if the price had doubled. - How did the brothers defend themselves against the accusation of theft?
44:8 – They said, “We returned the money we found in our sacks; can it be that we would steal?”

השמן
והפתילות הנותרים
שאלה: האם מותר לזרוק את השמן הנותר מהדלקת נרות חנוכה?
תשובה: השמן או נרות השעווה, המיועדים להדלקת נרות חנוכה, אין להשתמש בהם בשימוש אחר,
כגון לצורך אכילה, או להדלקת נרות שבת. והוא מפני שהשמן הוקצה למצוותו, כלומר,
מיוחד הוא אותו השמן למצות הדלקת נרות חנוכה, ולכן אין להשתמש בו שימוש אחר, אלא
עושה לו מדורה ושורפו. (כלומר שורף את השמן שלא לשום צורך).
והכוונה
במה שאמרנו שאין להשתמש בשמן הנותר לשימוש של חול, אינה לשמן הנשאר בבקבוק, אלא אך
ורק לשמן הנשאר בבזיכים של מנורת החנוכה, שאין להשתמש בו אחר כך לשימוש של חול, או
להשליכו לאשפה. וכן נרות הנותרים בקופסת הנרות, לא הוקצו כולם למצות הדלקת נרות
חנוכה, ורק שארית הנר שנותרה מן ההדלקה, אין להשתמש בה לשימוש אחר.
יש
אומרים שאין לאסור להשתמש בשמן הנותר, אלא כאשר כבו הנרות בתוך חצי שעה מזמן
הדלקתן, שלמשך חצי שעה הוקצו למצותן. אבל אם דלקו הנרות כבר יותר מחצי שעה ואחר כך
כבו, אין עוד קדושה בשמן הנותר, ומותר להשתמש בו לכל שימוש. וכן דעת מרן הבית יוסף.
אולם
יש חולקים ואומרים שגם אם עברה חצי שעה, עדיין יש קדושה בשמן ובפתילות הנותרים.
ולכן כדי שלא להכנס למחלוקת הפוסקים בזה, נכון לעשות “תנאי” לפני ימי
החנוכה (או באמצע ימי החנוכה, שהתנאי שיועיל מכאן ולהבא, לימים הנותרים), ולומר
בפיו, שאינו מקצה את השמן והפתילות למצותן. (כלומר, יאמר: אני מתנה בזה, שאיני
מקצה את השמן והפתילות והנרות הנותרים מהדלקת נרות חנוכה למצותן). ואז לכל הדעות
יוכל להשתמש בהם לכל דבר. (חזון עובדיה חנוכה עמוד קס. תורת המועדים חנוכה עמוד
קכו.
ולסיכום: נכון להתנות לפני חנוכה, או אפילו בתוך ימי החנוכה, שאין בכוונתו להקצות את
השמן והפתילות לשם מצוה. ואז לא תחול קדושה על שאריות השמן והפתילות, ויוכל לעשות
בהן מה שירצה.
The Laws of the Remaining Oil and Wicks used for Lighting Chanukah Candles
Question: May
one dispose of the remaining oil used for lighting Chanukah candles?
Answer: One should not use
the oil (or wax candles) designated for lighting Chanukah candles for any other
purpose, such as for eating or lighting Shabbat candles, since this oil has
already been designated for the Mitzvah of lighting Chanukah candles; thus, one
must not use it for any other purpose. Rather, one must burn the remaining oil
on its own, with this burning serving no alternate purpose.
When
we say that one may not use the leftover oil for a mundane purpose, this does
not refer to the oil remaining in the bottle; rather, this refers to the oil
that remains in the glass cups of the Chanukah Menorah. Only this oil should
not be used for a mundane purpose or disposed of. Similarly, those candles
remaining in the box have not become designated for the Mitzvah of lighting
Chanukah candles; only those candles which were actually lit as Chanukah
candles should not be used for any other purpose.
Some
say that it is only prohibited to make use of the remaining oil when the
candles were extinguished within a half-hour of being lit, for they were designated
for their Mitzvah for a timespan of a half-hour. However, if the candles stayed
lit for more than a half-hour and then went out, no sanctity rests on the
remaining oil and one may use it for whatever he pleases. This is indeed the
opinion of Maran Ha’Bet Yosef.
Nevertheless,
some disagree and write that even if the candles stayed lit for more than
half-an-hour, sanctity still rests on the remaining oil and wicks. Thus, one
should make a “condition” before the onset of Chanukah and delineate clearly by
mouth that he is not designating the oil and wicks for their Mitzvah. In this
way, one may use the remaining oil and wicks for whatever he pleases according
to all opinions (See Chazon Ovadia-Chanukah, page 160 and Torat Ha’Moadim-
Chanukah, page 126).
Summary: It is
proper to make a condition before Chanukah or even during the days of Chanukah
that one does not intend to designate the oil and wicks for the sake of the
Mitzvah. In this way, no sanctity will rest on the remaining oil and wicks and
one will be able to use them for whatever one wishes.
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Newsletter Parashat Vayeshev – Shabbat Chanuka – Shabbat Mevarechim











Steve Delgado Porter has traced his Delgado ancestry from Jamaica back to Portugal. He shares the family history, and the sources used. The family includes famous poets such as João Pinto Delgado, rabbis such as Haham Moses Cohen D'Azervedo, and men of business. As well as Portugal and Jamaica, there are family links to Hamburg, Amsterdam and London.
Jamaica has become a major focus in Sephardic genealogy. Steve is author of Jamaican Records: A Two Part Guide to Genealogical and Historical Research Using Repositories in Jamaica and England.
Time: Sunday Dec 13, 2020. 2pm NYC, 7pm London, 8pm Amsterdam/Paris, 9pm Jerusalem.
Join Zoom Meeting
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Best wishes,
Ton Tielen and David Mendoza
Sephardic World

לוח זמני תפלה לחורף תשפ״א
מוצאי שבת | ערבית | שקיעה | מנחה שבת | סוף זמן קריאת שמע | הדלקת נרות | מנחה וקבלת שבת | תאריך | שבת פרשת |
Shabbat Ends | Arbit | Sunset | Minha | Shema before | Candle Lighting | Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat | Date | Parasha |
PM | PM | PM | PM | AM | PM | PM |
|
|
4:48 | 4:45 | 3:48 | 3:15 | 10:09 | 3:34 | 3:34 | 11/12 Dec | וישב (ש''מ) (חנוכה) |
Q & A on Parashat Vayeshev
- “These are the offspring of Yaakov: Yosef….” Give three reasons why Yosef is considered Yaakov’s main offspring.
37:2 – (a) Yosef was the son of Rachel, Yaakov’s primary wife. (b) Yosef looked like Yaakov. (c) All that befell Yaakov befell Yosef. - What was praiseworthy about the fact that Yosef’s brothers did not speak to him in a friendly manner?
37:4 – They did not act hypocritically. - How do we see from Yosef’s dream about the sun, moon and stars that all dreams contain some untrue element?
37:10 – The moon represented Rachel. Since she had already died, it was impossible for that element of the dream to come true. - Who brought Yosef down to Egypt?
37:28 – A caravan of Midianites. - Where was Reuven when Yosef was sold?
37:29 – He was attending to Yaakov. - In addition to the brothers, who else knew that Yosef was alive?
37:33 – Yitzchak. - Why didn't G-d reveal prophetically to Yaakov that Yosef was alive?
37:33 – Because the brothers had issued a ban against revealing the truth to Yaakov, and G-d, so to speak, abided by their ban. - For how long did Yaakov mourn the loss of Yosef?
37:34 – Twenty-two years. - Verse 37:35 states “his father wept.” To whom does this refer?
37:35 – Yitzchak, who wept because of Yaakov’s suffering. - Who was Tamar’s father?
38:24 – Shem. - In what merit did Tamar deserve to have kings as her descendants?
38:26 – In the merit of her modesty. - Why is the word “hand ” mentioned four times in connection to the birth of Zerach?
38:30 – To allude to his descendent, Achan, who sinned with his hand by taking four things from the spoils of Jericho. - Why does the Torah relate the incident with Potiphar’s wife immediately after the incident of Yehuda and Tamar?
39:1 – To teach us that just as Tamar acted with pure motives, so did Potiphar’s wife. - How did Potiphar “see” that G-d was with Yosef?
39:3 – Yosef mentioned G-d’s name frequently in his speech. - Who in this week’s Parsha pretended to be sick?
39:11 – Potiphar’s wife. - Why were the butler and the baker imprisoned?
40:1 – The butler was imprisoned because a fly was found in the king’s goblet, and the baker was imprisoned because a pebble was found in the king’s bread. - For how long were the butler and the baker in prison?
40:4 – Twelve months. - How did the baker know that Yosef had correctly interpreted the butler’s dream?
40:5 – The baker dreamed the interpretation of the butler's dream. - What prompted the butler and baker to tell Yosef their dreams?
40:6 – Yosef asked them why they looked troubled. - How was Yosef punished for asking the butler for help?
40:23 – He remained in prison an additional two years.

שאלה: מי שיוצא מביתו להתארח או לשרת בצבא בימי החנוכה, כיצד עליו לנהוג?
תשובה: היוצא לדרך בימי חג החנוכה ומתארח בבית חברו, יש לדון אם עליו להדליק במקום שנמצא שם או לא. ויש בזה חילוק, אם יש מי שמדליק נרות בביתו, אם לא.
אולם למנהג האשכנזים, כל אחד ואחד מבני הבית מדליק בפני עצמו, ולכן יש אומרים, שאם בעל הבית אינו נמצא בביתו, והוא לן במקום אחר, עליו להדליק במקום שנמצא שם, ויש חולקים.
ולהלכה כתב הגאון הראשון לציון מורינו ורבינו רבי יצחק יוסף שליט”א בספרו ילקוט יוסף (עמוד תפו), שכל מי שמדליקים עליו בביתו יוצא ידי חובת ההדלקה בהדלקה שמדליקים בביתו. ואינו רשאי לכוין שלא לצאת ידי חובה בהדלקה שבביתו, ולהדליק בעצמו, מאחר וכבר יצא ידי חובה בהדלקה שבביתו, ואינו רשאי להוציא עצמו מן החיוב ולברך בפני עצמו.
וכתב הגאון הראשון לציון שליט”א (עמוד תעה), שהוא הדין כאשר האדם מסתפק אם מדליקים עליו בביתו, שגם כן עליו להדליק בברכה. והוכיח כן מלשון המהרש”ל ועוד. ולכן אף כאשר יש ספק אם מדליקים עליו בביתו, עליו להדליק במקומו “בברכה”.
אולם יש להוסיף, שכתב מרן השלחן ערוך (סימן תרעז), אודות מי שנמצא בכפר של גויים, שאין שם נר חנוכה כלל, שאף על פי שמדליקים עליו בביתו, עליו להדליק נר חנוכה בברכה. זכר לנס חנוכה. ולכן, גם חיילים ספרדים, שנמצאים בחזית, ואינם רואים כלל נר חנוכה, עליהם להדליק נר חנוכה בברכה בחדרם.
ואם אין להם חדר בצבא, כגון שהם חונים על פני השדה, או שהם שוכנים בשוחות בלי קירוי וכדומה, ישתדלו להדליק נר חנוכה בתוך עששית (בית מגן מן הרוח העשוי זכוכית), ולא יברכו על ההדלקה. (חזון עובדיה, חנוכה, עמוד קנב והלאה).
The Laws of Boarders, Guests, Soldiers, and Yeshiva Students Regarding Chanukah Candles

Question: If one will be away from home as a guest during Chanukah, how should one act regarding lighting Chanukah candles? Similarly, what is the law regarding a soldier who will be at his military base during Chanukah?
Answer: If one is away from home during the holiday of Chanukah and stays as a guest at a friend’s home, we must discuss whether or not this guest must light Chanukah candles. Let us mention though that whether or not there is someone else lighting candles at home or not does make a halachic distinction.
If There is Someone Lighting Candles at Home
If one is travelling during the holiday of Chanukah but one’s wife or other family members are still at home and are lighting Chanukah candles there, one fulfills his obligation with the candles being lit in one’s home and one need not light Chanukah candles in his present location, for when Chanukah candles are lit in one’s home, all of the family members residing in the home fulfill their obligation, wherever they may be. For this reason, our custom is that only the head of the household lights the Chanukah candles at home since by doing so, the entire household fulfills their obligation.
According to the Ashkenazi custom, however, that each member of the household lights his own Chanukah candles, some say that if the head of the household is away from home, he must light on his own while others disagree.
Halachically speaking, the great Rishon Le’Zion, Hagaon Harav Yitzchak Yosef Shlit”a rules (in his Yalkut Yosef–Chanukah, page 486) that as long as there is someone lighting at the individual’s home, one will have fulfilled his obligation with this lighting. One may not have in mind not to fulfill one’s obligation with the lighting in one’s home, for one has already fulfilled his obligation in this way and one may not remove one’s self from this obligation and recite the blessings by himself.
If There is No One Lighting Candles at Home
If one is travelling and knows that there is no one lighting Chanukah candles in his home, for instance, if one’s wife and children are travelling with him, if this individual is staying in the home of a fellow Jew and is paying his host for his expenses, such as lodging, food, and the like, this individual must give his host a small sum of money in order to purchase a share of the host’s oil and wicks for the Chanukah candles. Alternatively, the host may grant his guest some of the oil and wicks as a gift (and in this instance, the host should add some more oil for the guest). In this way, the guest fulfills his obligation with the lighting of the host’s Chanukah candles.
The great Rishon Le’Zion Shlit”a (Yalkut Yosef-ibid, page 475) writes that when one is unsure whether or not someone will be lighting Chanukah candles on his behalf at home, one should light Chanukah candles in one’s current location with a blessing. He proceeds to support this view from the words of the Maharshal.
Soldiers and Yeshiva Students
Sephardic soldiers serving in the army and Yeshiva students studying abroad may rely on their father’s Chanukah candle-lighting at home and they need not light Chanukah candles at all. Regarding soldiers or Yeshiva students of Ashkenazi descent, if they have their own room in the military base or Yeshiva dormitory, they should light Chanukah candles with a blessing in their room similar to the above law of a guest.
Nevertheless, we must point out that Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch (Chapter 677) rules that if one is in a completely non-Jewish town where there are no Chanukah candles to be seen at all, although Chanukah candles are being lit in one’s home, one must nevertheless light Chanukah candles with a blessing in one’s current location in commemoration of the miracle of Chanukah. Thus, even Sephardic soldiers serving on the front must light Chanukah candles with a blessing in their room.
If the soldiers do not have a room for themselves, for instance, because they are encamped on the field or in uncovered trenches, they should make an effort to light in a glass box (which protects the candles from the wind) without reciting a blessing (see Chazon Ovadia-Chanukah, page 152).
| Virus-free. www.avg.com |
Newsletter Parashat Vayeshev – Shabbat Chanuka – Shabbat Mevarechim











Steve Delgado Porter has traced his Delgado ancestry from Jamaica back to Portugal. He shares the family history, and the sources used. The family includes famous poets such as João Pinto Delgado, rabbis such as Haham Moses Cohen D'Azervedo, and men of business. As well as Portugal and Jamaica, there are family links to Hamburg, Amsterdam and London.
Jamaica has become a major focus in Sephardic genealogy. Steve is author of Jamaican Records: A Two Part Guide to Genealogical and Historical Research Using Repositories in Jamaica and England.
Time: Sunday Dec 13, 2020. 2pm NYC, 7pm London, 8pm Amsterdam/Paris, 9pm Jerusalem.
Join Zoom Meeting
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/82545628251
A small monthly donation on Patreon helps us a lot. Many thanks to everyone who already supports our work. https://www.patreon.com/sephardi
If you can't get into the Zoom meeting, there is an overflow on YouTube at: https://www.youtube.com/c/SephardicGenealogyAndHistory Please subscribe to the YouTube channel, where past talks will be shared.
Best wishes,
Ton Tielen and David Mendoza
Sephardic World

לוח זמני תפלה לחורף תשפ״א
מוצאי שבת | ערבית | שקיעה | מנחה שבת | סוף זמן קריאת שמע | הדלקת נרות | מנחה וקבלת שבת | תאריך | שבת פרשת |
Shabbat Ends | Arbit | Sunset | Minha | Shema before | Candle Lighting | Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat | Date | Parasha |
PM | PM | PM | PM | AM | PM | PM |
|
|
4:48 | 4:45 | 3:48 | 3:15 | 10:09 | 3:34 | 3:34 | 11/12 Dec | וישב (ש''מ) (חנוכה) |
Q & A on Parashat Vayeshev
- “These are the offspring of Yaakov: Yosef….” Give three reasons why Yosef is considered Yaakov’s main offspring.
37:2 – (a) Yosef was the son of Rachel, Yaakov’s primary wife. (b) Yosef looked like Yaakov. (c) All that befell Yaakov befell Yosef. - What was praiseworthy about the fact that Yosef’s brothers did not speak to him in a friendly manner?
37:4 – They did not act hypocritically. - How do we see from Yosef’s dream about the sun, moon and stars that all dreams contain some untrue element?
37:10 – The moon represented Rachel. Since she had already died, it was impossible for that element of the dream to come true. - Who brought Yosef down to Egypt?
37:28 – A caravan of Midianites. - Where was Reuven when Yosef was sold?
37:29 – He was attending to Yaakov. - In addition to the brothers, who else knew that Yosef was alive?
37:33 – Yitzchak. - Why didn't G-d reveal prophetically to Yaakov that Yosef was alive?
37:33 – Because the brothers had issued a ban against revealing the truth to Yaakov, and G-d, so to speak, abided by their ban. - For how long did Yaakov mourn the loss of Yosef?
37:34 – Twenty-two years. - Verse 37:35 states “his father wept.” To whom does this refer?
37:35 – Yitzchak, who wept because of Yaakov’s suffering. - Who was Tamar’s father?
38:24 – Shem. - In what merit did Tamar deserve to have kings as her descendants?
38:26 – In the merit of her modesty. - Why is the word “hand ” mentioned four times in connection to the birth of Zerach?
38:30 – To allude to his descendent, Achan, who sinned with his hand by taking four things from the spoils of Jericho. - Why does the Torah relate the incident with Potiphar’s wife immediately after the incident of Yehuda and Tamar?
39:1 – To teach us that just as Tamar acted with pure motives, so did Potiphar’s wife. - How did Potiphar “see” that G-d was with Yosef?
39:3 – Yosef mentioned G-d’s name frequently in his speech. - Who in this week’s Parsha pretended to be sick?
39:11 – Potiphar’s wife. - Why were the butler and the baker imprisoned?
40:1 – The butler was imprisoned because a fly was found in the king’s goblet, and the baker was imprisoned because a pebble was found in the king’s bread. - For how long were the butler and the baker in prison?
40:4 – Twelve months. - How did the baker know that Yosef had correctly interpreted the butler’s dream?
40:5 – The baker dreamed the interpretation of the butler's dream. - What prompted the butler and baker to tell Yosef their dreams?
40:6 – Yosef asked them why they looked troubled. - How was Yosef punished for asking the butler for help?
40:23 – He remained in prison an additional two years.

שאלה: מי שיוצא מביתו להתארח או לשרת בצבא בימי החנוכה, כיצד עליו לנהוג?
תשובה: היוצא לדרך בימי חג החנוכה ומתארח בבית חברו, יש לדון אם עליו להדליק במקום שנמצא שם או לא. ויש בזה חילוק, אם יש מי שמדליק נרות בביתו, אם לא.
אולם למנהג האשכנזים, כל אחד ואחד מבני הבית מדליק בפני עצמו, ולכן יש אומרים, שאם בעל הבית אינו נמצא בביתו, והוא לן במקום אחר, עליו להדליק במקום שנמצא שם, ויש חולקים.
ולהלכה כתב הגאון הראשון לציון מורינו ורבינו רבי יצחק יוסף שליט”א בספרו ילקוט יוסף (עמוד תפו), שכל מי שמדליקים עליו בביתו יוצא ידי חובת ההדלקה בהדלקה שמדליקים בביתו. ואינו רשאי לכוין שלא לצאת ידי חובה בהדלקה שבביתו, ולהדליק בעצמו, מאחר וכבר יצא ידי חובה בהדלקה שבביתו, ואינו רשאי להוציא עצמו מן החיוב ולברך בפני עצמו.
וכתב הגאון הראשון לציון שליט”א (עמוד תעה), שהוא הדין כאשר האדם מסתפק אם מדליקים עליו בביתו, שגם כן עליו להדליק בברכה. והוכיח כן מלשון המהרש”ל ועוד. ולכן אף כאשר יש ספק אם מדליקים עליו בביתו, עליו להדליק במקומו “בברכה”.
אולם יש להוסיף, שכתב מרן השלחן ערוך (סימן תרעז), אודות מי שנמצא בכפר של גויים, שאין שם נר חנוכה כלל, שאף על פי שמדליקים עליו בביתו, עליו להדליק נר חנוכה בברכה. זכר לנס חנוכה. ולכן, גם חיילים ספרדים, שנמצאים בחזית, ואינם רואים כלל נר חנוכה, עליהם להדליק נר חנוכה בברכה בחדרם.
ואם אין להם חדר בצבא, כגון שהם חונים על פני השדה, או שהם שוכנים בשוחות בלי קירוי וכדומה, ישתדלו להדליק נר חנוכה בתוך עששית (בית מגן מן הרוח העשוי זכוכית), ולא יברכו על ההדלקה. (חזון עובדיה, חנוכה, עמוד קנב והלאה).
The Laws of Boarders, Guests, Soldiers, and Yeshiva Students Regarding Chanukah Candles

Question: If one will be away from home as a guest during Chanukah, how should one act regarding lighting Chanukah candles? Similarly, what is the law regarding a soldier who will be at his military base during Chanukah?
Answer: If one is away from home during the holiday of Chanukah and stays as a guest at a friend’s home, we must discuss whether or not this guest must light Chanukah candles. Let us mention though that whether or not there is someone else lighting candles at home or not does make a halachic distinction.
If There is Someone Lighting Candles at Home
If one is travelling during the holiday of Chanukah but one’s wife or other family members are still at home and are lighting Chanukah candles there, one fulfills his obligation with the candles being lit in one’s home and one need not light Chanukah candles in his present location, for when Chanukah candles are lit in one’s home, all of the family members residing in the home fulfill their obligation, wherever they may be. For this reason, our custom is that only the head of the household lights the Chanukah candles at home since by doing so, the entire household fulfills their obligation.
According to the Ashkenazi custom, however, that each member of the household lights his own Chanukah candles, some say that if the head of the household is away from home, he must light on his own while others disagree.
Halachically speaking, the great Rishon Le’Zion, Hagaon Harav Yitzchak Yosef Shlit”a rules (in his Yalkut Yosef–Chanukah, page 486) that as long as there is someone lighting at the individual’s home, one will have fulfilled his obligation with this lighting. One may not have in mind not to fulfill one’s obligation with the lighting in one’s home, for one has already fulfilled his obligation in this way and one may not remove one’s self from this obligation and recite the blessings by himself.
If There is No One Lighting Candles at Home
If one is travelling and knows that there is no one lighting Chanukah candles in his home, for instance, if one’s wife and children are travelling with him, if this individual is staying in the home of a fellow Jew and is paying his host for his expenses, such as lodging, food, and the like, this individual must give his host a small sum of money in order to purchase a share of the host’s oil and wicks for the Chanukah candles. Alternatively, the host may grant his guest some of the oil and wicks as a gift (and in this instance, the host should add some more oil for the guest). In this way, the guest fulfills his obligation with the lighting of the host’s Chanukah candles.
The great Rishon Le’Zion Shlit”a (Yalkut Yosef-ibid, page 475) writes that when one is unsure whether or not someone will be lighting Chanukah candles on his behalf at home, one should light Chanukah candles in one’s current location with a blessing. He proceeds to support this view from the words of the Maharshal.
Soldiers and Yeshiva Students
Sephardic soldiers serving in the army and Yeshiva students studying abroad may rely on their father’s Chanukah candle-lighting at home and they need not light Chanukah candles at all. Regarding soldiers or Yeshiva students of Ashkenazi descent, if they have their own room in the military base or Yeshiva dormitory, they should light Chanukah candles with a blessing in their room similar to the above law of a guest.
Nevertheless, we must point out that Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch (Chapter 677) rules that if one is in a completely non-Jewish town where there are no Chanukah candles to be seen at all, although Chanukah candles are being lit in one’s home, one must nevertheless light Chanukah candles with a blessing in one’s current location in commemoration of the miracle of Chanukah. Thus, even Sephardic soldiers serving on the front must light Chanukah candles with a blessing in their room.
If the soldiers do not have a room for themselves, for instance, because they are encamped on the field or in uncovered trenches, they should make an effort to light in a glass box (which protects the candles from the wind) without reciting a blessing (see Chazon Ovadia-Chanukah, page 152).
| Virus-free. www.avg.com |
Newsletter Parashat Vayeshev – Shabbat Chanuka – Shabbat Mevarechim











Steve Delgado Porter has traced his Delgado ancestry from Jamaica back to Portugal. He shares the family history, and the sources used. The family includes famous poets such as João Pinto Delgado, rabbis such as Haham Moses Cohen D'Azervedo, and men of business. As well as Portugal and Jamaica, there are family links to Hamburg, Amsterdam and London.
Jamaica has become a major focus in Sephardic genealogy. Steve is author of Jamaican Records: A Two Part Guide to Genealogical and Historical Research Using Repositories in Jamaica and England.
Time: Sunday Dec 13, 2020. 2pm NYC, 7pm London, 8pm Amsterdam/Paris, 9pm Jerusalem.
Join Zoom Meeting
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/82545628251
A small monthly donation on Patreon helps us a lot. Many thanks to everyone who already supports our work. https://www.patreon.com/sephardi
If you can't get into the Zoom meeting, there is an overflow on YouTube at: https://www.youtube.com/c/SephardicGenealogyAndHistory Please subscribe to the YouTube channel, where past talks will be shared.
Best wishes,
Ton Tielen and David Mendoza
Sephardic World

לוח זמני תפלה לחורף תשפ״א
מוצאי שבת | ערבית | שקיעה | מנחה שבת | סוף זמן קריאת שמע | הדלקת נרות | מנחה וקבלת שבת | תאריך | שבת פרשת |
Shabbat Ends | Arbit | Sunset | Minha | Shema before | Candle Lighting | Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat | Date | Parasha |
PM | PM | PM | PM | AM | PM | PM |
|
|
4:48 | 4:45 | 3:48 | 3:15 | 10:09 | 3:34 | 3:34 | 11/12 Dec | וישב (ש''מ) (חנוכה) |
Q & A on Parashat Vayeshev
- “These are the offspring of Yaakov: Yosef….” Give three reasons why Yosef is considered Yaakov’s main offspring.
37:2 – (a) Yosef was the son of Rachel, Yaakov’s primary wife. (b) Yosef looked like Yaakov. (c) All that befell Yaakov befell Yosef. - What was praiseworthy about the fact that Yosef’s brothers did not speak to him in a friendly manner?
37:4 – They did not act hypocritically. - How do we see from Yosef’s dream about the sun, moon and stars that all dreams contain some untrue element?
37:10 – The moon represented Rachel. Since she had already died, it was impossible for that element of the dream to come true. - Who brought Yosef down to Egypt?
37:28 – A caravan of Midianites. - Where was Reuven when Yosef was sold?
37:29 – He was attending to Yaakov. - In addition to the brothers, who else knew that Yosef was alive?
37:33 – Yitzchak. - Why didn't G-d reveal prophetically to Yaakov that Yosef was alive?
37:33 – Because the brothers had issued a ban against revealing the truth to Yaakov, and G-d, so to speak, abided by their ban. - For how long did Yaakov mourn the loss of Yosef?
37:34 – Twenty-two years. - Verse 37:35 states “his father wept.” To whom does this refer?
37:35 – Yitzchak, who wept because of Yaakov’s suffering. - Who was Tamar’s father?
38:24 – Shem. - In what merit did Tamar deserve to have kings as her descendants?
38:26 – In the merit of her modesty. - Why is the word “hand ” mentioned four times in connection to the birth of Zerach?
38:30 – To allude to his descendent, Achan, who sinned with his hand by taking four things from the spoils of Jericho. - Why does the Torah relate the incident with Potiphar’s wife immediately after the incident of Yehuda and Tamar?
39:1 – To teach us that just as Tamar acted with pure motives, so did Potiphar’s wife. - How did Potiphar “see” that G-d was with Yosef?
39:3 – Yosef mentioned G-d’s name frequently in his speech. - Who in this week’s Parsha pretended to be sick?
39:11 – Potiphar’s wife. - Why were the butler and the baker imprisoned?
40:1 – The butler was imprisoned because a fly was found in the king’s goblet, and the baker was imprisoned because a pebble was found in the king’s bread. - For how long were the butler and the baker in prison?
40:4 – Twelve months. - How did the baker know that Yosef had correctly interpreted the butler’s dream?
40:5 – The baker dreamed the interpretation of the butler's dream. - What prompted the butler and baker to tell Yosef their dreams?
40:6 – Yosef asked them why they looked troubled. - How was Yosef punished for asking the butler for help?
40:23 – He remained in prison an additional two years.

שאלה: מי שיוצא מביתו להתארח או לשרת בצבא בימי החנוכה, כיצד עליו לנהוג?
תשובה: היוצא לדרך בימי חג החנוכה ומתארח בבית חברו, יש לדון אם עליו להדליק במקום שנמצא שם או לא. ויש בזה חילוק, אם יש מי שמדליק נרות בביתו, אם לא.
אולם למנהג האשכנזים, כל אחד ואחד מבני הבית מדליק בפני עצמו, ולכן יש אומרים, שאם בעל הבית אינו נמצא בביתו, והוא לן במקום אחר, עליו להדליק במקום שנמצא שם, ויש חולקים.
ולהלכה כתב הגאון הראשון לציון מורינו ורבינו רבי יצחק יוסף שליט”א בספרו ילקוט יוסף (עמוד תפו), שכל מי שמדליקים עליו בביתו יוצא ידי חובת ההדלקה בהדלקה שמדליקים בביתו. ואינו רשאי לכוין שלא לצאת ידי חובה בהדלקה שבביתו, ולהדליק בעצמו, מאחר וכבר יצא ידי חובה בהדלקה שבביתו, ואינו רשאי להוציא עצמו מן החיוב ולברך בפני עצמו.
וכתב הגאון הראשון לציון שליט”א (עמוד תעה), שהוא הדין כאשר האדם מסתפק אם מדליקים עליו בביתו, שגם כן עליו להדליק בברכה. והוכיח כן מלשון המהרש”ל ועוד. ולכן אף כאשר יש ספק אם מדליקים עליו בביתו, עליו להדליק במקומו “בברכה”.
אולם יש להוסיף, שכתב מרן השלחן ערוך (סימן תרעז), אודות מי שנמצא בכפר של גויים, שאין שם נר חנוכה כלל, שאף על פי שמדליקים עליו בביתו, עליו להדליק נר חנוכה בברכה. זכר לנס חנוכה. ולכן, גם חיילים ספרדים, שנמצאים בחזית, ואינם רואים כלל נר חנוכה, עליהם להדליק נר חנוכה בברכה בחדרם.
ואם אין להם חדר בצבא, כגון שהם חונים על פני השדה, או שהם שוכנים בשוחות בלי קירוי וכדומה, ישתדלו להדליק נר חנוכה בתוך עששית (בית מגן מן הרוח העשוי זכוכית), ולא יברכו על ההדלקה. (חזון עובדיה, חנוכה, עמוד קנב והלאה).
The Laws of Boarders, Guests, Soldiers, and Yeshiva Students Regarding Chanukah Candles

Question: If one will be away from home as a guest during Chanukah, how should one act regarding lighting Chanukah candles? Similarly, what is the law regarding a soldier who will be at his military base during Chanukah?
Answer: If one is away from home during the holiday of Chanukah and stays as a guest at a friend’s home, we must discuss whether or not this guest must light Chanukah candles. Let us mention though that whether or not there is someone else lighting candles at home or not does make a halachic distinction.
If There is Someone Lighting Candles at Home
If one is travelling during the holiday of Chanukah but one’s wife or other family members are still at home and are lighting Chanukah candles there, one fulfills his obligation with the candles being lit in one’s home and one need not light Chanukah candles in his present location, for when Chanukah candles are lit in one’s home, all of the family members residing in the home fulfill their obligation, wherever they may be. For this reason, our custom is that only the head of the household lights the Chanukah candles at home since by doing so, the entire household fulfills their obligation.
According to the Ashkenazi custom, however, that each member of the household lights his own Chanukah candles, some say that if the head of the household is away from home, he must light on his own while others disagree.
Halachically speaking, the great Rishon Le’Zion, Hagaon Harav Yitzchak Yosef Shlit”a rules (in his Yalkut Yosef–Chanukah, page 486) that as long as there is someone lighting at the individual’s home, one will have fulfilled his obligation with this lighting. One may not have in mind not to fulfill one’s obligation with the lighting in one’s home, for one has already fulfilled his obligation in this way and one may not remove one’s self from this obligation and recite the blessings by himself.
If There is No One Lighting Candles at Home
If one is travelling and knows that there is no one lighting Chanukah candles in his home, for instance, if one’s wife and children are travelling with him, if this individual is staying in the home of a fellow Jew and is paying his host for his expenses, such as lodging, food, and the like, this individual must give his host a small sum of money in order to purchase a share of the host’s oil and wicks for the Chanukah candles. Alternatively, the host may grant his guest some of the oil and wicks as a gift (and in this instance, the host should add some more oil for the guest). In this way, the guest fulfills his obligation with the lighting of the host’s Chanukah candles.
The great Rishon Le’Zion Shlit”a (Yalkut Yosef-ibid, page 475) writes that when one is unsure whether or not someone will be lighting Chanukah candles on his behalf at home, one should light Chanukah candles in one’s current location with a blessing. He proceeds to support this view from the words of the Maharshal.
Soldiers and Yeshiva Students
Sephardic soldiers serving in the army and Yeshiva students studying abroad may rely on their father’s Chanukah candle-lighting at home and they need not light Chanukah candles at all. Regarding soldiers or Yeshiva students of Ashkenazi descent, if they have their own room in the military base or Yeshiva dormitory, they should light Chanukah candles with a blessing in their room similar to the above law of a guest.
Nevertheless, we must point out that Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch (Chapter 677) rules that if one is in a completely non-Jewish town where there are no Chanukah candles to be seen at all, although Chanukah candles are being lit in one’s home, one must nevertheless light Chanukah candles with a blessing in one’s current location in commemoration of the miracle of Chanukah. Thus, even Sephardic soldiers serving on the front must light Chanukah candles with a blessing in their room.
If the soldiers do not have a room for themselves, for instance, because they are encamped on the field or in uncovered trenches, they should make an effort to light in a glass box (which protects the candles from the wind) without reciting a blessing (see Chazon Ovadia-Chanukah, page 152).
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Newsletter Parashat Vayishlach













Support for the Jewish community in Terra Santa was one of the earliest obligations the Amsterdam and London Jewish communities took upon themselves. Over the course of centuries, they placed great value in fulfilling this charitable obligation . The money ensured that a large number of Jews and Jewish institutions could survive in Ottoman Palestine.
Ton Tielen shares his research in the Amsterdam and London Sephardic archives. He will show how there were closer ties between eastern and western Sephardic communities than is generally known.
Time: Sunday Dec 6, 2020. 2pm NYC, 7pm London, 8pm Amsterdam/Paris, 9pm Jerusalem.
Join Zoom Meeting
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/83684272950
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Best wishes,
Ton Tielen and David Mendoza
Sephardic World
לוח זמני תפלה לחורף תשפ״א
Winter Timetable 5781 – 2020/21
מוצאי שבת | ערבית | שקיעה | מנחה שבת | סוף זמן קריאת שמע | הדלקת נרות | מנחה וקבלת שבת | תאריך | שבת פרשת |
Shabbat Ends | Arbit | Sunset | Minha | Shema before | Candle Lighting | Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat | Date | Parasha |
PM | PM | PM | PM | AM | PM | PM |
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4:49 | 4:45 | 3:50 | 3:15 | 10:03 | 3:36 | 3:36 | 4/5 Dec | וישלח |
Q & A on Parashat Vayishlach
All references are to the verses and Rashi's commentary, unless otherwise stated.
- What sort of messengers did Yaakov send to Esav?
32:4 – Angels. - Why was Yaakov both “afraid” and “distressed?”
32:8 – He was afraid he would be killed. He was distressed that he would have to kill. - In what three ways did Yaakov prepare for his encounter with Esav?
32:9 – He sent gifts, he prayed, and he prepared for war. - Where did Dina hide and why?
32:23 – Yaakov hid her in a chest so that Esav wouldn't see her and want to marry her. - After helping his family across the river, Yaakov remained alone on the other side. Why?
32:25 – He went back to get some small containers he had forgotten. - What was the angel forced to do before Yaakov agreed to release him?
32:27 – Admit that the blessings given by Yitzchak rightfully belong to Yaakov. - What was it that healed Yaakov's leg?
32:32 – The shining of the sun. - Why did Esav embrace Yaakov?
33:4 – His pity was aroused when he saw Yaakov bowing to him so many times. - Why did Yosef stand between Esav and Rachel?
33:7 – To stop Esav from gazing at her. - Give an exact translation of the word nisa in verse 33:12.
33:12 – It means “travel”. It does not mean “we will travel.” This is because the letter nun is part of the word and does not mean we as it sometimes does. - What happened to the 400 men who accompanied Esav?
33:16 – They slipped away one by one. - Why does the Torah refer to Dina as the daughter of Leah and not as the daughter of Yaakov?
34:1 – Because she was outgoing like her mother, Leah. - Whom should Shimon and Levi have consulted concerning their plan to kill the people of Shechem?
34:25 – Their father, Yaakov. - Who was born along with Binyamin?
35:17 – His two triplet sisters. - What does the name Binyamin mean? Why did Yaakov call him that?
35:18 – Ben-Yemin means “Son of the South.” He was the only son born in the Land of Israel, which is south of Aram Naharaim. - The Torah states, “The sons of Yaakov were twelve.” Why?
35:22 – To stress that all of them, including Reuven, were righteous. - How old was Yaakov when Yosef was sold?
35:29 – One hundred and eight. - Esav changed his wife's name to Yehudit. Why?
36:2 – To fool Yitzchak into thinking that she had abandoned idolatry. - Which three categories of people have their sins pardoned?
36:3 – One who converts to Judaism, one who is elevated to a position of leadership, and one who marries. - What is the connection between the Egyptian oppression of the Jewish people and Esav's decision to leave the land of Canaan?
36:6 – Esav knew that the privilege of living in the Land of Israel was accompanied by the prophecy that the Jews would be “foreigners in a land not their own.” Therefore Esav said, “I'm leaving. I don't want the Land if it means I have to pay the bill of subjugation in Egypt.”

מלוה מלכה
שאלה: האם חובה לאכול במוצאי שבת פת (לחם) לשם סעודה רביעית שנקראת גם כן מלוה מלכה?
תשובה: בגמרא במסכת שבת (דף קיט.) אמרו, “לעולם יסדר אדם שלחנו בערב שבת, אף על פי שאינו צריך אלא לכזית, ולעולם יסדר אדם שלחנו במוצאי שבת, אף על פי שאינו צריך אלא לכזית”. כלומר, יסדר את שלחנו, ויפרוש עליו מפה וכיוצא בזה בדרך כבוד, הן בליל שבת, והן במוצאי שבת. ומשמע לכאורה שסעודה רביעית על הפת (כלומר עם נטילת ידים וברכת המוציא ואכילת פת וברכת המזון) הרי היא חובה, כמו הסעודה הראשונה של שבת, שהרי שתיהן הוזכרו באותו סגנון בגמרא.
וכן כתב באמת הגר”א מוילנא, שמסמיכות מאמרים אלו משמע שסעודה רביעית צריכה להיות עם פת דוקא. וכבר פסקו כן הפוסקים, הרמב”ם ומרן השלחן ערוך (סי' ש) באותו לשון שהוזכר הדבר בגמרא.
ומרן החיד”א בספרו מחזיק ברכה הוסיף, שיש להזהר מאד בסעודה רביעית, ובעת שאוכל יכוין “ללוות את השבת” ולהשאיר ברכה לסעודות החול. וזאת על פי מה שאמרו במסכת פסחים (קג.) שהדבר דומה למלך שמלוים אותו בצאתו כשם שמלוים אותו בכניסתו. ובספר תוספת מעשה רב (סימן לט) הובא מעשה בגודל החיוב לאכול סעודה רביעית בכלל, שפעם אחת חלה רבינו הגר”א מוילנא במוצאי שבת, והיה מקיא ולא היה יכול לאכול סעודה רביעית, ואחר שישן ונרגע, ציוה את בני ביתו שיראו אם לא עלה עמוד השחר עדיין, יפררו לו כזית פת ויאכילוהו בכף כדי לקיים מצות סעודה רביעית. ורבינו יוסף חיים זצ”ל הוסיף שמעלת סעודה רביעית גדולה שמצלת מחיבוט הקבר.
אמנם מרן רבינו עובדיה יוסף זצ”ל העיר, שלדעת הגאונים, אף שודאי חובה לאכול סעודה רביעית, מכל מקום אין חיוב לאכלה עם פת. וכן מוכח מדברי עוד כמה מרבותינו הראשונים, שאין חיוב לאכול סעודה רביעית עם פת, אלא יכול להסתפק באכילת פת הבאה בכסנין, כגון עוגה (בשיעור כזית, עשרים ושבעה גרם) או אף בפירות.
ולכן להלכה העלה, שמצוה להשתדל לאכול פת ממש בסעודה רביעית, אבל אם אינו יכול לעשות כן, מפני שהוא שבע, יוכל לסמוך על שיטת הגאונים ולהסתפק באכילת עוגה. ואם אינו יכול לסעוד אף עם עוגה, יאכל לכל הפחות פירות. (וכעין זה מורים דברי מרן החיד”א ז”ל).
ומרן רבינו עובדיה יוסף זצ”ל היה זהיר באכילת סעודה רביעית עם פת לחם. ובכל מוצאי שבת לאחר שהיה חוזר משיעורו בבית הכנסת לעדת היזדים, היה נוטל את ידיו ואוכל סעודה רביעית. (ובערוב ימיו, כאשר פעם אחת לא יכול היה לאכול סעודה זו מרוב חוליו, הצטער על כך, וכשדיבר על צערו בפני אחד ממקורביו, אמר לו, ראה, שאפילו סעודה רביעית לא אכלתי מרוב כאבים).
ובהלכה הבאה יבואר דין הנשים וסגולתן בענין זה.
Melaveh Malka
Question: Is one obligated to eat bread on Motza’ei Shabbat for the fourth Shabbat meal which is also referred to as “Melaveh Malka” (meal escorting out the Shabbat Queen)?
Answer: The Gemara in Masechet Shabbat (119b) tells us that one should always set one’s table nicely (by placing a tablecloth on it and the like) on Erev Shabbat even if one only plans to eat a Kezayit (olive’s volume) of bread and one should always set one’s table nicely on Motza’ei Shabbat even if one only plans on eating a Kezayit of bread. It seems from here that eating bread (meaning washing one’s hands, reciting the Hamotzi blessing, eating bread, and reciting Birkat Hamazon) during the fourth Shabbat meal is compulsory just as it is regarding the first Shabbat meal, for both of these meals were mentioned within the same Gemara.
The Gaon of Vilna proves likewise from the juxtaposition of these two teachings in the Gemara that we can infer that the fourth Shabbat meal requires bread. The Rambam and Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch (Chapter 300) rule likewise. Maran Ha’Chida adds in his Sefer Machazik Beracha that one should be very meticulous regarding the fourth Shabbat meal and one should have in mind while eating to “escort the Shabbat Queen out” and to retain blessing for the various meals during the week. This is based on the Gemara in Masechet Pesachim (103a) that a king is escorted out just as he is escorted in. The Sefer Tosefet Ma’aseh Rav (Chapter 39) recounts a story about the importance of eating the fourth Shabbat meal, that once Hagaon Rabbeinu Eliyahu (the Gaon) of Vilna fell ill on Motza’ei Shabbat and he vomited and was not able to partake of the fourth Shabbat meal. After falling asleep and recovering, when he awoke he asked his family members to check if dawn had broken yet, for if not, he asked for them to crumble a Kezayit of bread and spoon-feed it to him so that he may fulfill the Mitzvah of eating the fourth Shabbat meal. The saintly Rabbeinu Yosef Haim adds that partaking of the fourth Shabbat meal protects one from agonizing suffering after death some must endure in the grave.
Maran zt”l points out that according to the Geonim, although there is certainly an obligation to eat the fourth Shabbat meal, nevertheless, there is no obligation to eat bread. This is also the opinion of several of the Rishonim that one need not eat bread during the fourth Shabbat meal, and “Kisnin” bread, such as cakes or pastries (a Kezayit worth, approximately 27 grams), or fruit is sufficient.
Thus, halachically speaking, Maran zt”l concludes that it is a Mitzvah to eat bread during the fourth Shabbat meal, however, if one cannot because one is already satiated, cake or cookies are sufficient. If one cannot even eat cake, one should at least have some fruit (the words of the Chida also imply this).
Maran Rabbeinu Ovadia Yosef zt”l was extremely scrupulous regarding partaking of a bread meal for Melaveh Malka. Every Motza’ei Shabbat after returning from his weekly class in the Yazdim synagogue, he would wash his hands and partake of the fourth Shabbat meal. (Towards the end of his life when he was once so ill that he could not partake of this meal, this caused him much anguish, so much so that he exclaimed to one of his relatives, “Look at me! I am in so much pain that I cannot even eat the fourth Shabbat meal!)
דין הנשים בסעודת מלוה מלכה
בהלכה הקודמת ביארנו שמצוה על כל אדם להשתדל לאכול סעודה רביעית שנקראת גם כן סעודת מלוה מלכה, על שם שהיא נערכת במוצאי שבת ללוות את שבת המלכה בצאתה ולהותיר ברכה לסעודות החול. וביארנו שמצוה להשתדל לאכול פת (לחם) בסעודה זו, ומי שאינו יכול לאכול פת מחמת שובעו, יוכל לסעוד בפת הבאה בכסנין (כגון עוגה או קרקרים וכדומה). ואם אינו יכול אף בפת הבאה בכסנין, יאכל על כל פנים פירות.
ולענין הנשים אם עליהן להשתדל לאכול סעודה רביעית, הנה בספר תוספת מעשה רב (סי' לט) כתב, שפעם אחת קבלה על עצמה הרבנית אשתו של הגר”א מוילנא להתענות הפסקה (תענית הפסקה היא תענית ממוצאי שבת עד ליל שבת רצוף) ולכן הפסיקה מלאכול אחר סעודה שלישית בשבת, ומיד אחר ששמעה הבדלה מאחרים שכבה לישון. ויוודע הדבר להגר”א ושלח להודיע לה, שבכל ההפסקות שתעשה לא יכופר לה ההפסד של מניעת סעודה רביעית אחת. ואז תיכף ומיד קמה וגם ניצבה ואכלה סעודה רביעית. ומזה מבואר דעת רבינו הגר”א שיש חיוב בסעודה זו גם לנשים. (וכיוצא בזה כתב גם הגאון רבי יוסף חיים מבבל בשו”ת רב פעלים (ס”י לה) שהנוהגים לעשות תענית הפסקה בשנה מעוברת, אסור להם להפסיק מלאכול תיכף אחר סעודה שלישית של שבת, ולבטל סעודה רביעית.)
וכן העלה בספר פתח הדביר, שאף הנשים צריכות לאכול סעודה רביעית, וזאת על פי מה שכתב בספר מטה משה (ס”י תקיג) “עצם יש באדם ונסכוי שמו, והיא הנקראת לוז, שהיא עיצומו ועיקרו ושרשו של האדם, מעצם השמים, וגם כשימות האדם העצם ההיא אינה נימוחה ולא נפחתת, ואפילו יכניסוה באש אינה נשרפת, והיא נצחית, וממנה יחיה האדם לעת תחית המתים”. וכן אמרו חז”ל במדרש (קהלת רבה פי”ב ס”ה) מהיכן אדם מניץ לעתיד לבא? מן הלוז שבשדרה. ואמרו המקובלים שאין העצם נהנית אלא מסעודה רביעית של מוצאי שבת. ולכן גם הנשים צריכות לסעוד סעודה רביעית. ויש עוד טעמים לזה שאי אפשר להאריך בהם.
ולפיכך כתב מרן הרב עובדיה יוסף זצוק”ל שגם הנשים תשתדלנה לקיים מצות סעודה רביעית. והוסיף שמובא בשם הרב הקדוש רבי אלימלך מליז'נסק, שסגולה לנשים שתלדנה בקלות, שתאכלנה איזה דבר לשם מצות סעודה רביעית, ותאמרנה בפיהן “לשם מצות סעודת מלוה מלכה” ועל ידי זה תלדנה בנקל ובהרוחה בעזרת ה' יתברך. ושמענו כמה מקרים שנראה שהועילה סגולה זו.
The Laws of Women Regarding the “Melaveh Malka” Meal
In the previous Halacha we have explained that one should put forth an effort to eat The fourth Shabbat meal, which is also known as the “Melaveh Malka” meal, which is held on Motza’ei Shabbat to escort out the Shabbat Queen and to retain blessing for the rest of the meals of the week. We also explained that there is a special Mitzvah for one to eat bread during the fourth Shabbat meal, but if one is unable to do so because he is already satiated, one may partake of “Kisnin” bread (such as cake or crackers) instead. If one cannot even eat “Kisnin” bread, one should at least partake of some fruit.
Regarding whether or not women should put forth effort to eat the fourth Shabbat meal, the Sefer Tosefet Ma’aseh Rav (Chapter 39) recounts that once, the wife of the Gaon of Vilna accepted a fast upon herself that was to last from Motza’ei Shabbat until Friday night consecutively. Thus, she refrained from eating immediately after the Third Shabbat meal and immediately upon hearing Havdalah, she went to bed. This matter became known to the Gra and he sent a messenger to tell his wife that all of the fasts that she had undertaken would not suffice to atone for missing the fourth Shabbat meal even once. Immediately upon hearing this, she quickly rose and ate the fourth Shabbat meal. Clearly, we can infer that the Gra maintains that women are also obligated in the Mitzvah of partaking of the fourth Shabbat meal. (Similarly, Hagaon Rabbeinu Yosef Haim of Baghdad writes in his Responsa Rav Pe’alim (Chapter 35) that those who customarily fast on Jewish leap years from Motza’ei Shabbat until Friday night consecutively may not begin fasting immediately following the third Shabbat meal, thereby cancelling the fourth Shabbat meal.)
Similarly, the Sefer Petach Ha’Devir writes that women must also partake of the fourth Shabbat meal. This based on what is written in the Sefer Mateh Moshe (Chapter 513) that “there is a bone in a person’s body called ‘Nascoy’, which is also known as the ‘Luz’ bone, which is the essence and root of the human being from the essence of Heaven. When a person dies, this bone neither disintegrates nor becomes diminished and even if it were to be thrown into fire it would not burn, for this bone is eternal and from it will a person be restored at the time of the resurrection of the dead.” Similarly, our Sages tell us in the Midrash (Kohelet Rabba Parasha 12, Chapter 5) that in the future, a person will be resurrected using the “Luz” bone located in one’s spine. The Mekubalim tell us that this bone benefits solely from the fourth Shabbat meal eaten on Motza’ei Shabbat. Thus, women must also partake of the fourth Shabbat meal. There are more reasons for this which we cannot go into detail about at the present time.
Therefore, Maran Rabbeinu Ovadia Yosef zt”l writes that women should also put forth an effort to partake of the fourth Shabbat meal. He adds that it is quoted in the name of the saintly Rav Elimelech of Lizhensk that when a woman eats something for the fourth Shabbat meal and says beforehand, “this is for the sake of the Melaveh Malka meal,” it is especially auspicious for easy childbirth and in this merit they will, G-d willing, give birth easily and safely. We are actually aware of several cases where this Segulah (auspicious custom) has worked.
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Newsletter Parashat Vayetze







לוח זמני תפלה לחורף תשפ״א
Winter Timetable 5781 – 2020/21
מוצאי שבת | ערבית | שקיעה | מנחה שבת | סוף זמן קריאת שמע | הדלקת נרות | מנחה וקבלת שבת | תאריך | שבת פרשת |
Shabbat Ends | Arbit | Sunset | Minha | Shema before | Candle Lighting | Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat | Date | Parasha |
PM | PM | PM | PM | AM | PM | PM |
|
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4:53 | 4:50 | 3:54 | 3:20 | 9:57 | 3:41 | 3:41 | 27/28 Nov | ויצא |
Q & A on Parashat Vayetze
All references are to the verses and Rashis commentary, unless otherwise stated.
- When Yaakov traveled to Charan, the Torah stresses that he departed from Beer Sheva. Why?
28:10 – The departure of a righteous person leaves a noticeable void in that place. - On the night of his dream, Yaakov did something he hadn't done in 14 years. What?
28:11 – Sleep at night lying down. - G-d compressed the entire Land of Israel underneath the sleeping Yaakov. What did this symbolize?
28:13 – That the Land would be easy for his descendants to conquer. - Yaakov said “I will return with shalom.” What did he mean by “shalom”?
28:21 – Completely without sin. - Why did Yaakov rebuke the shepherds?
29:7 – He thought they were loafing, stopping work early in the day. - Why did Rachel, and not her brothers, tend her father's sheep?
30:27 – Her brothers weren't born yet. - Why did Yaakov cry when he met Rachel?
29:11 – He saw prophetically that they would not be buried together; or because he was penniless. - Why did Lavan run to greet Yaakov?
29:13 – He thought Yaakov was carrying money. - Why were Leah's eyes tender?
29:17 – She cried continually because she thought she was destined to marry Esav. - How old was Yaakov when he married?
29:21 – Eighty-four. - What did Rachel find enviable about Leah?
30:1 – Her good deeds, thinking they were the reason Leah merited children. - Who was Yaakov's fifth son?
30:5 – Dan. - Who was Leahs handmaiden? Was she older or younger than Rachels handmaiden?
30:10 – Zilpah. She was younger. - How do you say dudaim in Arabic?
30:14 – Jasmine (Yasmin). - “G-d remembered Rachel” (30:22). What did He remember?
30:22 – That Rachel gave Leah the “signs of recognition” that Yaakov had taught her, so that Leah wouldnt be embarrassed. - What does “Yosef” mean? Why was he named that?
30:24 “Yosef” means “He will add.” Rachel asked G-d for another son in addition to Yosef. - G-d forbade Lavan to speak to Yaakov “either of good or of bad.” Why didnt G-d want Lavan to speak of good?
31:24 – Because the “good” that comes from wicked people is bad for the righteous. - Where are there two Aramaic words in this weeks Parsha?
31:41 – Yagar Sahaduta, meaning “wall of testimony.” - Who was Bilhahs father? Who was Zilpahs father?
31:50 – Lavan. - Who escorted Yaakov into Eretz Yisrael?
32:1 – The angels of Eretz Yisrael.

מי שמצא כסף בשבת
שאלה: האם מותר לדחוף בשבת דבר מוקצה, על ידי דחיפה ברגליו? וכגון, מי שמצא בשבת ארנק, האם יוכל לדחפו ברגליו הצידה, בכדי שלא יבא לידי הפסד?
וטעם הדבר, משום שטלטול “בגופו”, כלומר, בשאר חלקי הגוף, אינו נחשב לטלטול מוקצה בשבת. שלא גזרו חכמים איסור טלטול, אלא כשמטלטל בידיו דוקא, אבל כשאינו עושה כן בידיו, אלא ברגליו וכיוצא בזה, אין בדבר איסור.
לאור האמור למדנו, לגבי מה שהזכרנו בהלכות קודמות, שאסור לטלטל בשבת אריזת קמח וכדומה. ולפיכך מי שחפץ להוציא בשבת איזה דבר מהמקפיא, ויש שם אריזת קמח שמסתירה את אותו הדבר, הרי אסור להזיז את אריזת הקמח שהיא בגדר “מוקצה מחמת גופו”. ומכל מקום, אם רוצה להזיז את הקמח באמצעות המרפק, הרי הדבר מותר, כי גם זה בכלל טלטול בגופו שאינו אסור בשבת.
ולסיכום: מותר לטלטל מוקצה בשבת, על ידי דחיפה ברגליו. לכן, המוצא ארנק של מעות בשבת, מותר לו לדחוף אותו ברגליו למקום מוצנע, בכדי שאדם אחר לא ימצא אותו וילך לאיבוד.
One Who Finds Money on Shabbat
Question: Is one permitted to move Muktzeh on Shabbat by pushing it with one’s feet? For instance, if one finds a wallet on Shabbat, may one push it aside with one’s feet so that one does not incur a monetary loss?
A Wallet Containing Money is Muktzeh on Shabbat
Answer: Indeed, a wallet containing money is Muktzeh on Shabbat for money is considered “innate Muktzeh” similar to wood and stones which may not be moved on Shabbat since they are not a utensil and are not usable for any purpose on Shabbat. Let us now quote the words of Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch, after which we shall explain their meaning.
The Ruling of Maran HaShulchan Aruch Regarding Moving Muktzeh with One’s Body
Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch (Chapter 311, Section 8) rules as follows: “Moving Muktzeh with one’s body is permitted even for the purpose of a forbidden object. Thus, if there is straw, which is usually designated for burning, on one’s bed, one may shake it off using one’s body.” This means that straw is Muktzeh on Shabbat since the common usage of straw in those times was to fuel fires used for heat and cooking. Therefore, straw is Muktzeh on Shabbat since it is designated for something prohibited on Shabbat. Nevertheless, if one wishes to lie down on top of the straw (as was likewise common in those days) and the straw is strewn about in a manner that would be uncomfortable to lie on, one may push the straw with one’s feet or with any other part of one’s body in order to smooth out the bedding so that it will be comfortable to lie on.
The reason for this is because moving [Muktzeh] with one’s “body”, meaning any part of one’s body besides for one’s hands, is not considered moving Muktzeh on Shabbat, for our Sages only forbade moving Muktzeh with one’s hands on Shabbat; however, there is no prohibition involved when one does so using one’s feet or any other body part.
The Status of Straw on Shabbat
We should mention that what we have mentioned above that straw is Muktzeh on Shabbat because it is designated for burning was only applicable in earlier times when straw would be used for fueling fires. However, if the straw is designated as animal feed and one would like to move it in order to feed one’s animals, one may do so and it is not considered Muktzeh. When the straw is not designated for any particular purpose, it retains its Muktzeh status, similar to wood and stones.
The Opinion of the Mishnah Berura Regarding Moving a Wallet
Based on the aforementioned words of Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch, the Mishnah Berura (end of Chapter 266) writes that although one who finds a wallet on Shabbat may not move it [with one’s hands] to any place, nevertheless, one may kick it aside to a more discreet place so that another person does not come along and snatch it. Although Hagaon Chazon Ish disagrees with the Mishnah Berura, Maran zt”l sides with the opinion of the Mishnah Berura and writes that moving Muktzeh with one’s body is permissible on Shabbat even if one does so intentionally. Hagaon Harav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach zt”l and others rule likewise.
Based on this, we can infer a law regarding the prohibition to move bags of flour and the like on Shabbat. If one wishes to take something out of the freezer on Shabbat and there is a bag of flour blocking that specific item, one may not move the bag of flour, for it is considered “innate Muktzeh”. Nevertheless, one may move the bag of flour with one’s elbow for this is likewise considered “moving Muktzeh with one’s body” which is permissible on Shabbat.
Summary: One may move Muktzeh on Shabbat using different parts of one’s body besides for one’s hands. Thus, if one finds a wallet on Shabbat, one may push it aside with one’s feet to a more unobtrusive place so that someone else does not pass by and take it.
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Newsletter Parashat Toledot









לוח זמני תפלה לחורף תשפ״א
Winter Timetable 5781 – 2020/21
מוצאי שבת | ערבית | שקיעה | מנחה שבת | סוף זמן קריאת שמע | הדלקת נרות | מנחה וקבלת שבת | תאריך | שבת פרשת |
Shabbat Ends | Arbit | Sunset | Minha | Shema before | Candle Lighting | Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat | Date | Parasha |
PM | PM | PM | PM | AM | PM | PM |
|
|
4:59 | 4:55 | 4:02 | 3:25 | 9:50 | 3:49 | 3:49 | 20/21 Nov | תולדות |
Q & A on Parashat Toledot
All references are to the verses and Rashis commentary unless otherwise stated.
- Why was it important that Yitzchak look like Avraham?
25:19 – So everyone would agree that Avraham was indeed his father. - Why does the Torah stress that Rivka was Betuel's daughter and Lavan's sister?
25:20 – To praise her, that even though her family was evil she was righteous. - What are the two differences between Tamar's pregnancy and Rivka's pregnancy?
25:24 – Rivka gave birth at full term to two children, one righteous and one wicked. Tamar gave birth after seven months to two righteous children. - Why was Esav named Esav?
25:25 – He was born fully developed. The name Esav is based on the Hebrew word for “made”. - Who gave Yaakov his name?
25:26 G-d. - How did Esav deceive his father?
25:27 – Esav deceived Yitzchak by asking questions that suggested that he was very strict in mitzvah observance. - Why was Esav faint when he returned from the field?
25:29 – From having murdered. - Why are lentils a food for mourners?
25:30 – They are round like a wheel and mourning is like a revolving wheel that eventually touches everyone. - What was the birthright that Yaakov bought from Esav?
25:31 – The right to bring sacrifices. - Why was Yitzchak not permitted to go to Egypt?
26:2 – Through the akeida he had attained the status of a korban and was forbidden to leave Eretz Canaan. - Why did the Philistines plug up the wells?
26:15 – They felt that either marauders would attack to capture the wells, or, if attacking for other reasons, they would use the wells as a water supply. - Why did Yitzchak lose his sight? (three reasons)
27:1 – a) From the smoke of the incense offered by Esavs wives to their idols; b) From the angels tears which fell into Yitzchaks eyes at the time of the akeida; c) In order for Yaakov to receive the blessings. - At what age should one anticipate his own death?
27:2 – When he reaches five years from the age his parents were when they passed away, until five years after. - Why did Rivka ask Yaakov to bring two kid goats?
27:9 – One for Yitzchak and the other to offer as a korban Pesach. - Why did Esav leave his special garments with Rivka?
27:15 – He suspected that his wives might steal them. - What fragrance did Yitzchak detect on Yaakovs garments?
27:27 – The scent of Gan Eden. - What was the “fat of the land” promised to Esav?
27:36 – Italy. - When will Esav be freed from subjugation to Yaakov?
27:40 – When the Jewish People transgress the Torah. - What inspired Esav to marry the daughter of Yishmael?
28:7 – Seeing that his father despised his current wives, he resolved to take a wife from his father's family. - Knowing that Machalat was Yishmael's daughter, it's self-evident that she was the sister of Nevayot. Why, then, does the Torah state that Esav married “Yishmael's daughter, the sister of Nevayot?”
28:9 – To indicate that Yishmael died between her betrothal and her wedding and that it was Nevayot who gave his sister in marriage to Esav. Knowing the date of Yishmael's death, we can determine the date of Esav's marriage and thus Yaakov's age, 63, at the time of his flight from Esav.

טלטול אוכלין
שאלה: האם מותר לטלטל בשבת מאכלים שאינם מיועדים לשימוש בשבת, כגון בשר המוכן עבור יום ראשון, וכן אבקת אפיה וסוכר וניל שאי אפשר להשתמש בהם בשבת?
בהלכות הקודמות ביארנו באופן כללי את עיקר דין מוקצה בשבת, שיש דברים שאסרו רבותינו לטלטלם (להזיזם) בשבת. וכתבנו, כי כלים שמלאכתם להיתר, מותר לטלטלם לצורך כל שהוא. וכלים שמלאכתם לאיסור, מותר לטלטלם לצורך גופם או מקומם. וכפי שהסברנו.
ואבנים ועפר וכיוצא בזה, הרי הם בכלל “מוקצה מחמת גופו“, שאסור לטלטלם אפילו לצורך גופם או מקומם.
ועתה נבאר מה הדין לגבי טלטול מאכלים בשבת, האם שייך בהם איסור מוקצה או לא?
ובודאי כאשר נבא לדון בענין זה, נראה שאי אפשר להחשיב מאכלים למוקצה מחמת כלי שמלאכתו לאיסור או להיתר, שהרי המאכלים אינם כלים. אבל יש לדון אם שייך במאכלים דין “מוקצה מחמת גופו”.
ובאמת שהדבר תלוי, שאם אותו מאכל ראוי לאכילה בעצם יום השבת, כגון עוגות ועוגיות וכדומה, מותר לטלטלו בשבת. וכלשון מרן השלחן ערוך (סימן שי סב), “אין שום דבר תלוש הראוי לאכילה מוקצה לשבת”.
אבל אם אותו מאכל אינו ראוי לאכילה בשבת, כגון עיסה של בצק, שאינה עומדת לאכילה עד שיאפו אותה, וכן מאכלים מקולקלים, שאי אפשר לאכול מהם כעת, אסור לטלטלם בשבת, כדין עפר ואבנים, שאסורים בטלטול בשבת. וכמו שפסק מרן השלחן ערוך, לגבי ענבים שהניחו אותם לייבוש לעשות מהם צימוקים, וכעת הם מסריחים הואיל ועדיין לא נשלמה הכנתם, ואסור לטלטלם בשבת.
ומכאן אנו למדים גם כן לענין אבקת אפיה, שמכיון שאי אפשר לאכול ממנה בשבת, שאינה מוכשרת למאכל אלא לאחר האפיה, הרי היא מוקצת מחמת גופה, ואסור לטלטלה בשבת. אולם אבקת סוכר וניל, מכיון שבאמת היא ראויה למאכל אף ללא אפיה (כגון בסלט פירות), מותר לטלטלה בשבת. וכן בשר, אף שהוא מיועד ליום חול, ואין כוונה לאכול ממנו בשבת, מותר לטלטלו, כיון שלא שייך איסור מוקצה במאכלים שאפשר לאכול מהם בשבת.
ולפי מה שביארנו שמוקצה מחמת גופו אסור לטלטלו אפילו לצורך גופו או מקומו, אין לטלטל אבקת אפיה בשבת אפילו לצורך. וכן בשר שאינו ראוי לאכילה כלל בשבת, אסור לטלטלו בשבת אפילו לצורך, כיון שהוא מוקצה מחמת גופו.
לפיכך, אדם שצריך להוציא מהמקפיא שבביתו חלה קפואה, והחלה מוסתרת על ידי אריזת קמח או אבקת אפיה, אסור לו לטלטל את הקמח כדי להוציא את החלה, שהרי הקמח הוא מוקצה מחמת גופו ואסור לטלטלו בשום אופן. (אלא באופן מיוחד כמו שנבאר בהמשך בעזרת ה').
Moving Food Items on Shabbat
Question: May one move food items on Shabbat if they are not intended for Shabbat use, such as meat designated for Sunday or baking powder and vanilla sugar which have no use on Shabbat?
Answer: In the previous Halachot we have explained the primary laws of Muktzeh on Shabbat which is that our Sages forbade moving certain objects on Shabbat. We have written that objects which are used for work permitted on Shabbat may be moved for any purpose. Tools that are used for work prohibited on Shabbat may be moved for their own use or use of their place, as we have explained above.
Rocks, dirt, and the like are categorized as “innate Muktzeh” which are prohibited to be moved even for their own use or use of their place.
We must now explain the laws of moving various food items on Shabbat. Do the laws of Muktzeh apply here or not?
At first glance, food items can certainly not be considered objects used for permissible or forbidden work or on Shabbat, for food is not a utensil or a tool. However, we must discern whether or not food can be considered “innate Muktzeh”.
Indeed, this depends on whether or not the given food is able to be eaten on this specific Shabbat, such as cakes, cookies, and the like, for if this is the case, it may be moved on Shabbat. Similarly, Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch rules (Chapter 310, Section 2): “There is no edible item that is detached from the ground that can be considered Muktzeh on Shabbat.”
However, if any specific food item is not edible on Shabbat, such as dough that is inedible until it is baked or rotten foods that are currently inedible, one may not move it on Shabbat, similar to the law of dirt and stones which may not be moved on Shabbat. Similarly, Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch rules that grapes which were left out to dry in order to make raisins out of them and are now rotten, since the preparation process is not yet complete, one may not move them on Shabbat.
Based on this, baking powder which is inedible until after the baking process retains the law of “innate Muktzeh” and may not be moved. However, regarding vanilla sugar which is edible even without being baked (such as in a fruit salad), it may be moved on Shabbat. Similarly, meat which one intends to serve on a weekday and not partake of on Shabbat may still be moved on Shabbat since the prohibition of Muktzeh does not apply to things which can be eaten on Shabbat.
Based on what we have explained above that “innate Muktzeh” may not be moved even for its own use or use of its place, one may not move baking powder on Shabbat even if there is a purpose in doing so. Similarly, meat which is completely inedible on Shabbat may not be moved even for a purpose since it is “innate Muktzeh.”
Thus, if one needs to take a frozen Challah out of the freezer on Shabbat but the Challah is stuck behind a bag of flour or baking powder, one may not move the flour or baking powder in order to take out the Challah, for flour and baking powder are considered “innate Muktzeh” and there is no permissible way to move them (besides for a special exception that we shall, G-d willing, discuss further).
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Newsletter Parashat Chaye Sara





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David Lisbona will discuss the history of his Sephardic ancestors who originated in Portugal and later settled in Damascus, a major city on the Silk Road. The 'Franco' Sephardic community maintained a distinct identity from the indigenous Arabic-speaking Jews. Using available historic and genealogical sources, including records new to us, David tells the remarkable story of his family, who were prominent in the Damascene Jewish community. Upheavals in the Ottoman Empire and the opening of the Suez Canal led to a decline in the community, with migrations to Egypt, England, the United States and elsewhere.
Topic: From Glory to Dispersion – The Sephardic Lisbona family from Damascus
Time: Nov 16, 2020. 2pm NYC, 7pm London, 8pm Amsterdam/Paris, 9pm Jerusalem.
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Best wishes,
Ton Tielen and David Mendoza
Sephardic World
לוח זמני תפלה לחורף תשפ״א
Winter Timetable 5781 – 2020/21
מוצאי שבת | ערבית | שקיעה | מנחה שבת | סוף זמן קריאת שמע | הדלקת נרות | מנחה וקבלת שבת | תאריך | שבת פרשת |
Shabbat Ends | Arbit | Sunset | Minha | Shema before | Candle Lighting | Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat | Date | Parasha |
PM | PM | PM | PM | AM | PM | PM |
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5:07 | 5:05 | 4:11 | 3:35 | 9:43 | 3:59 | 3:59 | 13/14 Nov | חיי שרה (ש''מ) |
Q & A on Parashat Chaye Sara
- Name the four couples buried in Kiryat Arba.
23:2 – Adam and Chava, Avraham and Sara, Yitzchak and Rivka, Yaakov and Leah. - What did Sarah hear that caused her death?
23:2 – That Yitzchak was almost slaughtered. - What title of honor did the Bnei Chet bestow upon Avraham?
23:6 – Prince of G-d. - Where was Avraham born?
24:7 – Ur Kasdim. - How were Avraham's camels distinguished?
24:10 – They were muzzled, so they wouldn't graze in the fields of others. - What is meant by “all the good of his master in his hand”?
24:10 – Eliezer carried a document in which Avraham gave all he owned to Yitzchak so that people would want their daughter to marry him. - What special character trait did Eliezer seek when choosing a wife for Yitzchak?
24:14 – He sought someone who excelled in performing acts of kindness. - Why did Avraham's servant, Eliezer, run toward Rivka?
24:17 – He saw that the waters of the well rose when she approached. - Why did Lavan run to greet Eliezer?
24:29 – Lavan coveted his money. - When Lavan told Eliezer that the house was cleared out, what did he remove?
24:31 – Idols. - Who did Eliezer want Yitzchak to marry?
24:39 – His own daughter. - Aside from Eliezer, to which other people did Rivka offer to give water?
24:44 – To the men who accompanied Eliezer. - Lavan answered Eliezer before his father, Betuel, had a chance. What does this indicate about Lavan's character?
24:50 – That he was wicked. - What did Rivka mean when she said “I will go?”
24:58 – I will go even if you don't want me to go. - What blessing did Rivka's family give her before she departed?
24:60 – That the blessings given to Avraham would continue through her children. - Who was Ketura?
25:1 – Hagar. - What gift did Avraham give to Yitzchak?
25:5 – The power of blessing. - How old was Avraham when he died?
25:7 – 175 years old. - For how many years did Yaakov attend the Yeshiva of Ever?
25:17 – 14 years. - How many times is Eliezer's name mentioned in this week's Parsha?
None.

מי שנסתפק אם הזכיר רצה והחליצנו בברכת המזון
הנה הלכה רווחת, שהואיל ומצות ברכת המזון היא מן התורה, כמו שנאמר ואכלת ושבעת וברכת את ה', לכן המסתפק אם בירך ברכת המזון אם לאו, חייב לחזור ולברך ברכת המזון מספק, לפי הכלל “ספק דאוריתא (של תורה) להחמיר”. וכמו שביארנו כבר בדין הזכרת “רצה והחליצנו” בברכת המזון ביום השבת. ולפי זה נראה לכאורה שהוא הדין לענין מי שמסתפק אם הזכיר רצה והחליצנו ביום השבת, שהואיל ואם שכח להזכיר רצה והחליצנו הדין הוא שצריך לחזור ולברך, אם כן הוא הדין גם כן שמחמת הספק יצטרך לחזור ולברך.
אלא שבאמת, אף שברכת המזון היא מן התורה, מכל מקום דין הזכרת רצה והחליצנו בברכת המזון אינו מן התורה. וכן כתבו רבים מרבותינו הראשונים, ומהם הרשב”ץ (רבי שמעון בר צמח) בפסקיו לברכות (מט.). ועוד. ועל כן נראה יותר שכאשר הוא מסתפק אם הזכיר רצה והחליצנו או לא, הרי הדין הוא שאינו צריך לברך, לפי הכלל “ספק דרבנן להקל”. שהרי מן התורה יצא ידי חובת ברכת המזון אף אילו לא הזכיר רצה והחליצנו.
אולם בשו”ת בשמים ראש סי' רפז, (המיוחס ברובו לרבינו הרא”ש), כתב, שהואיל וחזקה על אדם שהוא ממשיך בברכתו כפי שהוא רגיל לברך בכל ימות השבוע, על כן יש להניח יותר שלא הזכיר בברכת המזון “רצה והחליצנו”, ולכן עליו לחזור ולברך ברכת המזון כדין מי שנזכר שבודאות לא הזכיר רצה והחליצנו בברכת המזון. וכמו שאנו פוסקים לענין מי שנסתפק לאחר שסיים תפילתו בימים אלו, אם הזכיר בתפילתו בברכת השנים “ותן טל ומטר לברכה”, שאנו מניחים יותר ששכח שאנו בימות הגשמים, והמשיך כרגילותו בימות הקיץ שאין מבקשים על הגשמים, ועל כן חייב לחזור ולהתפלל, כמו כן הדין לענין הזכרת רצה והחליצנו.
ומרן הרב עובדיה יוסף זצוק”ל, אחר שדן בענין זה באריכות בספרו שו”ת יביע אומר (ח”ז דף סח), כתב, שאף שבדרך כלל אנו נוטים לומר שחזקה על כל אדם שהמשיך ברגילותו בתפילה ושאר ענינים, מכל מקום לענין ברכת המזון בשבת, יש סברא שעומדת כנגד חזקה זו, שהואיל ואימת השבת עומדת על האדם ביום השבת, שהרי כל האוירה ביום השבת משתנה, והאדם רגיל להזהר בכל איסורי שבת בכל רגע ורגע, אם כן יש מקום לתלות שאדרבא זכר שהוא יום השבת ולא שכח להזכיר רצה והחליצנו. ואף שלא יצא הדבר עדיין מידי ספק, מכל מקום הואיל וביארנו כבר שדין הזכרת רצה והחליצנו אינו אלא מדרבנן ואינו מן התורה, אם כן חזר הדין שספק דרבנן להקל, ועל כן להלכה בנדון כזה אין לחזור ולברך ברכת המזון.
ולסיכום: מי שסיים ברכת המזון (בסעודות הראשונה והשנייה) ביום השבת, וכעת הוא מסופק אם הזכיר בברכת המזון רצה והחליצנו, אינו חוזר לברך ברכת המזון, הואיל ועיקר דין הזכרת רצה והחליצנו אינו אלא מדרבנן. ואין לחוש לכך שמסתמא המשיך ברגילות לשונו בכל ימות השבוע ולא הזכיר רצה והחלצינו, מכיון שכנגד זה יש לומר שהואיל ואימת השבת עליו, זכר להזכיר בברכתו רצה והחליצנו.
ואם לאחר שסיים ברכת “בונה ירושלים” הסתפק אם הזכיר רצה והחליצנו, ועדיין לא התחיל בברכת “הטוב והמטיב” שאחרי ברכת בונה ירושלים, אז יתקן את הדבר על ידי שיברך “ברוך אתה ה' אלהינו מלך העולם” וכו', כמו שביארנו בהלכה הקודמת.
If One is Unsure Whether or Not One Has Inserted “Retzeh Ve’Hachalitzenu” into Birkat Hamazon
The Halacha is clear that since Birkat Hamazon is a Torah obligation, as the verse states, “And you shall eat and you shall be satisfied and you shall bless Hashem, your G-d,” if one is unsure whether or not one has recited Birkat Hamazon, one must recite Birkat Hamazon over again based on the rule, “When in doubt regarding a Torah law, one must act stringently.” It seems that the same should apply to one who is unsure whether or not he has recited “Retzeh Ve’Hachalitzenu” on Shabbat, for since we know that if one forgets to insert “Retzeh Ve’Hachalitzenu” one must repeat Birkat Hamazon, the same should apply that even when one is unsure, one must likewise repeat Birkat Hamazon.
Nevertheless, the truth of the matter is that although reciting Birkat Hamazon is a Torah obligation, inserting “Retzeh Ve’Hachalitzenu” is not. Many Rishonim write likewise including the Tashbetz, in his work on Masechet Berachot (49a), and others. Based on this, it would seem that when one is unsure if he has recited “Retzeh Ve’Hachalitzenu” or not, one need not repeat Birkat Hamazon based on the rule, “When in doubt regarding a rabbinic law, one acts leniently,” for according to Torah law, one has fulfilled his obligation of reciting Birkat Hamazon even without inserting “Retzeh Ve’Hachalitzenu.”
Nevertheless, the Responsa Besamim Rosh, Chapter 287 (which is attributed mostly to Rabbeinu Asher, the Rosh) states that since the assumption is that one has recited Birkat Hamazon the way one usually would during the rest of the week, we must therefore assume that one has omitted “Retzeh Ve’Hachalitzenu” and one must therefore repeat Birkat Hamazon similar to the law of one who is certain that he has not inserted “Retzeh Ve’Hachalitzenu” into Birkat Hamazon.
After dealing with this matter lengthily in his Responsa Yabia Omer (Volume 7, page 68), Maran Rabbeinu Ovadia Yosef zt”l writes that although we usually follow the assumption that one follows one’s routine with regards to prayer and the like, nevertheless, regarding Birkat Hamazon on Shabbat there is an argument which counteracts this assumption which is that since the fear of Shabbat rests on an individual on Shabbat, for on Shabbat there is indeed a unique aura and one is therefore careful not to transgress the prohibitions of Shabbat at all times, there is thus room to assume that, on the contrary, one did not forget to insert “Retzeh Ve’Hachalitzenu.” Although this is still an uncertainty, since we have already explained that inserting “Retzeh Ve’Hachalitzenu” is only a rabbinic law, we must therefore follow the rule of “When in doubt regarding a rabbinic law, one acts leniently.” Thus, halachically speaking, in our scenario one would not repeat Birkat Hamazon.
Summary: If one concludes Birkat Hamazon (after the first and second Shabbat meals) and becomes unsure whether or not he has inserted “Retzeh Ve’Hachalitzenu” into Birkat Hamazon, one will not repeat Birkat Hamazon since the essence of reciting “Retzeh Ve’Hachalitzenu” is only based on a rabbinic law. One need not be concerned that one has followed his regular weekday routine of reciting Birkat Hamazon without inserting “Retzeh Ve’Hachalitzenu” since one is surrounded by the aura of Shabbat and one may therefore assume that one did remember to insert “Retzeh Ve’Hachalitzenu.”
If after reciting “Boneh Yerushalayim” one becomes unsure whether or not one has recited “Retzeh Ve’Hachalitzenu” and one did not yet begin the blessing of “La’ad Ha’el Avinu,” one may correct this by inserting the blessing of “Baruch Ata Hashem etc. Shenatan Shabbatot etc.” as we have discussed in the previous Halacha.


