Newsletter Parashat Tzav – Pesach

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Have a look at our website www.moorlane.info  
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5781 – 2021
 A brief outlook of the days leading up to Pesach
Thursday 25/03/21
*Taanit Bechor Siyum
* Bedikat Chametz – searching for the Chametz
* Say Kal Chamira
Friday 26/03/21
* Deadline – Mcr. Bet Din Selling Chametz Form
* Biur Chametz – destroying the Chametz
* Leave the Chametz you need for the Shabbat meals
 in a safe & secure place
* Don't say Kal Chamira….yet!!
* Decide on clock arrangements
 (we change to summertime on Motzae Shabbat / 1st night of Pesach) 
* Light candles for Shabbat
* Light 24hr candle ready for Motzae Shabbat 
to light Yom Tov Lights
Shabbat morning 27/03/21
* Early morning Shacharit
* Dispose of any leftover chametz
* After eating the Shabbat Chametz
say Kal Chamira!!
 Motzae Shabbat
* Lel Seder – Night of Pesach
* Candle Lighting from 24hr candle
* Say Havdala in the Seder by Kadesh
******
Attachments 
1) Time tables
a) Pesach
b) Summer
2) Selling Chametz form
3) KLBD Pesach products
4) SKA Pesach guide
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6) Rabbi Eli Mansour – Halachot Erev Pesach on Shabbat
7) pdf of sephardi halachot for this weekend
8) Please find Pesach Guidelines from the 

Please note the times are specific to London, for Manchester times please consult our timetable. 

The following guidelines will assist the community with Erev Pesach on a Shabbat. 
With advance planning, the Shabbat and Pesach preparations can be made simple and essentially problem free. 
However, should you have any questions, please do not hesitate to ask a Rabbi.”

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*****
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****
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The form is attached to this email
Lmechira5781.JPG
Deadline Fri 26 th Mar
forms can be left in the purple folder in the Bet Hakeneset
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or alternatively can be given directly to the 
Manchester Bet Din
@ the Cultural Centre
******
SWIM-FOR-TORAH.jpg
*********************
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This week's winners
Gaby Weinberg
Yisrael Benami
Eitan Sacks
 *********
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Making Pesach: Why So Extreme? 
HaGaon Rabbi Yaakov Hillel 
Straight from the Heart
Shabbat Shalom
Chag Kasher Vesamach
Shalom Laam
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Q & A on Parashat Tzav

  1. What separated the kohen's skin from the priestly garments?
  2. How often were the ashes removed from upon the mizbe'ach? How often were they removed from next to the mizbe'ach?
  3. If someone extinguishes the fire on the mizbe'ach, how many Torah violations has he transgressed?
  4. The portion of a flour-offeringoffered on the mizbe'ach may not be chametz. But is the kohen's portion allowed to be chametz?
  5. When a kohen is inaugurated, what offering must he bring?
  6. What three baking processes were used to prepare the korban of Aharon and his sons?
  7. What is the difference between a minchat kohen and a minchat Yisrael?
  8. When is a kohen disqualified from eating from a chatat?
  9. What is the difference between a copper and earthenware vessel regarding removing absorbed tastes?
  10. Can an animal dedicated as an asham be replaced with another animal?
  11. How does an asham differ from all other korbanot?
  12. Unlike all other korbanot, what part of the ram or sheep may be placed on the mizbe'ach?
  13. What three types of kohanim may not eat from the asham?
  14. In which four instances is a korban todah brought?
  15. Until when may a todah be eaten according to the Torah? Until when according to Rabbinic decree?
  16. How does a korban become pigul?
  17. Who may eat from a shelamim?
  18. What miracle happened at the entrance of the Ohel Moed?
  19. Other than Yom Kippur, what other service requires that the kohen separate from his family?
  20. What are the 5 categories of korbanot listed in this Parsha?

All references are to the verses and Rashi's commentary, unless otherwise stated.

  1. 6:3 – Nothing.
  2. 6:4 –
    A) Every day.
    B) Whenever there was a lot.
  3. 6:6 – Two.
  4. 6:10 – No.
  5. 6:13 – A korban mincha — A tenth part of an ephah of flour.
  6. 6:14 – Boiling, baking in an oven and frying in a pan.
  7. 6:15 – The minchat kohen is burnt completely. Only a handful of the minchat Yisrael is burnt, and the remainder is eaten by the kohanim.
  8. 6:19 – If he is tamei (spiritually impure) at the time of the sprinkling of the blood.
  9. 6:21 – One can remove an absorbed taste from a copper vessel by scouring and rinsing, whereas such a taste can never be removed from an earthenware vessel.
  10. 7:1 – No.
  11. 7:3 – It can only be brought from a ram or sheep.
  12. 7:3 – The tail.
  13. 7:7 – A t'vul yom (a tamei kohen who immersed in a mikveh yet awaits sunset to become tahor); A mechusar kipurim (a tamei person who has gone to the mikveh but has yet to bring his required offering); An onan (a mourner prior to the burial of the deceased).
  14. 7:12 – Upon safe arrival from an ocean voyage; Upon safe arrival from a desert journey; Upon being freed from prison; Upon recovering from illness.
  15. 7:15 –
  16. 7:18 – The person slaughters the animal with the intention that it be eaten after the prescribed time.
  17. 7:19 – Any uncontaminated person (not only the owner).
  18. 8:3 – The entire nation was able to fit in this very small area.
  19. 8:34 – The burning of the parah adumah (red heifer).
  20. Olah (6:2); mincha (6:7); chatat (6:18); asham (7:1); shelamim (7:11).


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Halachot from Maran Rabbi Ovadia Yosef Ztz'l

ביעור ומכירת חמץ

ביעור חמץ 
ביום י”ד בניסן
בבוקר, , מבערים את החמץ עד סוף
הזמן הקרוי לביעורו (ובארץ ישראל סוף זמן שריפת חמץ בשנה זו הוא בערך בשעה אחת
עשרה ורבע בבוקר, וסוף זמן אכילת חמץ הוא כחמש דקות לפני השעה עשר בבוקר, ובכל
מקום יש לנהוג כפי שמופיע בלוחות השנה המוסמכים)
.

כיצד מצות ביעור חמץ? שורפו או פוררו לפירורים דקים,
וזורהו ברוח או זורקו לים. והמנהג לשורפו באש. וחמץ שהושלך לאשפה (חוץ לבית, לפני
זמן איסור אכילת חמץ), אין חובה מן הדין לשרפו
.

חמץ שעבר עליו הפסח
כל המשהה חמץ ברשותו בימי
הפסח, ביטל מצות עשה, שנאמר “תשביתו שאור מבתיכם”, ועבר על לא תעשה,
שנאמר “לא יראה לך חמץ”. לפיכך קנסו חכמים את מי שעבר על איסור זה,
ואמרו (פסחים כח.): “חמץ של ישראל שעבר עליו הפסח אסור בהנאה”. וחמץ זה
נאסר בהנאה בין לאותו אדם שהשהה אותו בפסח, בין לאנשים אחרים, ואף אם לא ידעו אותם
האחרים שחמץ זה עבר עליו הפסח, היודע מכך, חייב להודיעם ולהפרישם, להצילם ממכשול
שלא יאכלו ממנו
.

מכירת חמץ
נהגו ישראל, ובפרט בעלי
חנויות, מפעלים, מחסנים וכדומה, למכור את החמץ לגוי בערב פסח. וניתן לעשות מכירת
חמץ באמצעות חתימה על “הרשאה” למכירתו, על ידי רבני בתי הכנסת שבכל מקום
ומקום. ומומלץ מאד לעשות “מכירת חמץ” כנהוג, בפרט למי שרוצה להשאיר
ברשותו מיני חמץ שחבל לו לאבדם, כגון משקאות יקרים וכדומה
.

ותוקף מכירת החמץ, הוא משום שחמץ שהיה ביד הגוי בימי
הפסח, לא נאסר בהנאה לאחר הפסח, משום שהגויים אינם מצווים על איסור חמץ כלל, ומותר
להם להחזיקו ברשותם בחג הפסח. לפיכך, על ידי מכירת החמץ, באופנים המועילים על פי
התורה, נמכר החמץ לגוי באופן מוחלט
.

וכיצד עושים את המכירה? רבני הערים שבכל מקום, נפגשים
עם הגוי ביום ערב פסח, ומסבירים לו היטב את תוכן השטר עליו הוא עתיד לחתום. והגוי
משלם “מיקדמה” בסך כמה מאות שקלים על כל החמץ שמוכרים לו, ומסוכם עמו,
שלאחר ימי הפסח, אם ירצה, יוכל לשלם את יתרת החוב (העולה לכמה מאות מליוני שקלים,
או לסכום אחר, על פי ערך החמץ הנמכר), ואז יהיה רשאי ללכת בעצמו ולקחת את החמץ בכל
מקום שיחפוץ. ואם לא ישלם את יתרת החוב, יחזור החמץ לבעליו היהודים, שיוכלו 
לאכול ממנו ולסחור בו כרצונם
.

ואף על פי שהדבר ידוע כמעט בבירור מוחלט, שהגוי לא
יבא לאחר ימי הפסח לקחת אליו את החמץ, מכל מקום מאחר שיש בידו לעשות כן, המכירה
מועילה. וכמו שכתב מרן השלחן ערוך (בסימן תמח) בזו הלשון

ואם מכרו או נתנו (את
החמץ) לאינו יהודי במתנה קודם הפסח, אף על פי שמכרו לאינו יהודי, ויודע בו שלא יגע
בו כלל, אלא ישמרנו לו (עבור היהודי) עד לאחר הפסח, ויחזור ויתננו לו, מותר”.
ומקור דבריו ממה שכתב התרומת הדשן בדין זה
.

היכן להניח את החמץ המכור
המוכר את חמצו לגוי, צריך
להצניע אותו בארון או בחדר מיוחד, ולציין על הארון שמדובר בחמץ. ועל ידי כך לא
יבוא לידי מכשול בחג הפסח, ולאכול מן החמץ
.

רכישת מוצרים אחר הפסח
כל הירא לדבר ה' לא יקנה
לאחר הפסח שום מצרך שיש בו חמץ, אלא מבעלי מכולת וצרכניה יראי שמים שמכרו את החמץ
שלהם לגוי, על ידי הרבנות המקומית, או על ידי גוף כשרות אחר, כנהוג
.

Elimination and Sale of
Chametz

Elimination of Chametz
On the morning of the Fourteenth of Nissan, one must eliminate Chametz before the
last time to do so arrives. (In Jerusalem, the latest time for burning and
renouncing Chametz is at approximately 11:15 AM and the latest time for eating
Chametz is at approximately 9:55 AM. In New York City, the end time for burning
and renouncing Chametz is at approximately 11:25 AM according to the Sephardic
custom. All Chametz must be burnt, renounced, and sold by this time. The latest
time for eating Chametz in New York City is at approximately 10:05 AM according
to the Sephardic custom. Every location should follow the times listed on the
accepted calendars in that location.)

How does one perform the
Mitzvah of eliminating Chametz? One must burn it or crumble it into tiny pieces
and throw it to the wind or into the sea. The custom though is to burn it.
Chametz which was thrown into a public trash receptacle (not in one’s possession
and before the time when Chametz becomes forbidden) need not be burned
according to Halacha.

“Chametz Which Pesach
Has Passed Over”

One who has kept Chametz in one’s possession on Pesach has nullified the
positive commandment of “You shall eradicate leaven from your homes” in
addition to transgressing the negative commandment of “Chametz shall not be
seen with you.” Our Sages have thus fined one who has transgressed this
commandment by decreeing (Pesachim 28a): “Chametz owned by a Jew which was in
his possession during Pesach is prohibited to benefit from.” Such Chametz
becomes prohibited to benefit from for the person who kept it in his possession
on Pesach as well as for others. Even if others do not know that this Chametz
was kept during Pesach, one who does know must notify others of this in order
to prevent them from the prohibition of eating it.

Sale of Chametz
It is customary among the Jewish people, especially with regards to store,
factory, and warehouse owners, to sell one’s Chametz on Erev Pesach. The sale
of Chametz can be carried out by signing a “power of attorney” appointing a
Torah scholar to sell it which can be obtained from rabbis of synagogues all
over the world. It is highly advised that one carry out this “Sale of Chametz”
as is customary, especially for those who would like to keep Chametz which
would be wasteful to dispose of in their possession, such as expensive
alcoholic beverages and the like.

The basis for the sale
of Chametz is that Chametz owned by a non-Jew on Pesach does not become
prohibited to benefit from after Pesach, for non-Jews are not commanded with
regards to the prohibitions of Chametz on Pesach at all and they may keep it in
their possession on Pesach. Thus, by selling one’s Chametz and performing
certain transactions prescribed by Halacha, the Chametz is sold to the non-Jew
absolutely.

How is this sale carried
out? Rabbis all over the world meet with a non-Jew on Erev Pesach and explain
to him clearly the contents of the contract which he will be signing on. The non-Jew
then puts down a “down-payment” sometimes amounting to several hundreds of
dollars for the Chametz being sold to him. It is agreed upon that after the
holiday of Pesach, if he wishes he may pay the balance of his debt (which
usually amounts to several millions of dollars based on the value of the
Chametz which he has purchased), at which point he may go and collect all of
the Chametz, wherever it may be. However, if he does not pay the balance, the
Chametz shall return to its original Jewish owners who will then be permitted
to eat it or sell it as they see fit.

Although it is almost
certain that the non-Jew will not come after Pesach and claim the Chametz,
nevertheless, since he has the ability to do so, the sale is valid. Similarly,
Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch (Chapter 448) states: “If Chametz was sold or given as
a gift to a non-Jew before Pesach, although it was sold to a non-Jew who will
certainly not touch it at all, rather, he will safeguard it for him (the Jew)
until after Pesach at which point he will give it back to him, this is
permissible.” The source for this ruling stems from the ruling of the Terumat
Ha’Deshen regarding this matter.

Where the Sold Chametz
Should be Placed

If one sells his Chametz to a non-Jew, one must conceal it in a designated
closet or room and mark the closet/room in a way that is noticeable that it
contains Chametz. By doing so, one will prevent mistaken consumption of these
items during Pesach.

Purchasing Chametz Items
after Pesach

One who is truly G-d-fearing should purchase Chametz items after Pesach only
from G-d-fearing store owners and grocers who have sold their Chametz to a
non-Jew before Pesach via the local rabbinate or any other Kashrut
organization, as is customary.

 

Newsletter Parashat Vayikra

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Have a look at our website www.moorlane.info  
***************
5781 – 2021
 A brief outlook of the days leading up to Pesach
THIS SHABBAT 20/03/21
Shabbat Hagadol Derasha (early)
Thursday Night 25/03/21
* Bedikat Chametz – searching for the Chametz
* Say Kal Chamira
Friday 26/03/21
* Deadline – Mcr. Bet Din Selling Chametz Form
 * Taanit Bechor – Siyum
* Biur Chametz – destroying the Chametz
* Leave the Chametz you need for the Shabbat meals
 in a safe & secure place
* Don't say Kal Chamira….yet!!
* Decide on clock arrangements
 (we change to summertime on Motzae Shabbat / 1st night of Pesach) 
* Light candles for Shabbat
* Light 24hr candle ready for Motzae Shabbat 
to light Yom Tov Lights
Shabbat morning 27/03/21
* Early morning Shacharit
* Dispose of any leftover chametz
* After eating the Shabbat Chametz
say Kal Chamira!!
 Motzae Shabbat
* Lel Seder – Night of Pesach
* Candle Lighting from 24hr candle
* Say Havdala in the Seder by Kadesh
*****
Time tables attached to this email
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*****
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****
image.png
The form is attached to this email
Lmechira5781.JPG
Deadline Fri 26 th Mar
forms can be left in the purple folder in the Bet Hakeneset
image.png
or alternatively can be given directly to the 
Manchester Bet Din
@ the Cultural Centre
******

The Future of Bevis Marks
Your Invitation to Join the Lord Mayor of London this Thursday

Join us virtually this Thursday at Bevis Marks synagogue, when we welcome the Lord Mayor of London for an unveiling of the development plans for our historic synagogue.

Bevis Marks synagogue is a perfectly preserved living piece of 18th Century London. Built in 1701 by Sephardic Jews from Portugal and Spain, it is Britain's oldest non-Christian and ethnic minority place of worship. It is believed to be the longest continually functioning synagogue in the world. Even when closed by COVID, the rabbi has continued to pray there.

The esnoga is receiving a much-needed restoration. A new Visitor Centre will open in 2022 to tell the story of Bevis Marks and its place in the history of the City of London.
 
On 18 March at 2pm London (10am NYC and 4pm Jerusalem) we have the pleasure of welcoming the Lord Mayor of London to join our chairman, Howard Martin, Rabbi Shalom Morris and the Foundation’s heritage advisor to discuss the history of the synagogue and our plans for London’s newest visitor attraction. Please join us!
 
Ahead of the presentation if you have any questions for the panel then please email: office@bevismarksheritage.org.uk
 
To join us THIS THURDAY, 18 March, please register now at: https://zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_Cx-ph-ZQR2m1WPCxRSLW6Q There is no attendance fee, but you must register in advance.

This email has been sent using the Sephardic World list. It is a once-only message.

William Russell, Lord Mayor of London
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Pesach Products Lists attached
(1)
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(2)
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Rabbi Eli Mansour
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attached to this email
*****
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with 
Rabbi Oppenheimer
learning 
Masechet Berachot
25 minutes before Korbanot
*****
Times for this week
Shacharit
Sunday
Korbanot 7:50 am Hodu 8.00 am
Mincha & Arbit 3:30 pm
Monday, Thursday & Friday
 6.55
Hodu: 7.05    Barechu: 7.15
Tues, Wed, Fri 
7.00
Hodu: 7.10   Barechu: 7.20
Arbit 
Monday – Thursday
7:00 pm
Please support our minyanim whenever possible!
Updates will appear on the WhatsApp group image.png
If anyone needs any help getting to or from the minyanim 
please contact one of the members of the Mahamad
*****
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This week's winners
Gaby Weinberg
Yisrael Benami
Eitan Sacks
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COVID – 19 SUPPORT
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לוח זמני תפלה לחורף תשפ״א

מוצאי שבת

ערבית
)
מוצש(

שקיעה

מנחה שבת

סוף זמן קריאת שמע

הדלקת נרות

מנחה וקבלת שבת

תאריך

שבת פרשת

Shabbat

Ends

Arbit

Sunset

Minha

Shema before

Candle Lighting

Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat

Date

Parasha

PM

PM

PM

PM

AM

PM

PM

 

 

7:12

7:10

6:21

5:50

9:15

6:05

6:05

19/20 Mar

ויקרא

Q & A on Parashat Vayikra

All references are to the verses and Rashi's commentary, unless otherwise stated

  1. Who does the word “eilav” in verse 1:1 exclude?
    1:1 – Aharon.
  2. Name all the types of animals and birds mentioned in this week's Parsha.
    1:2,14, 3:12 – Cattle, sheep, goats, turtledoves (torim), and doves (bnei yona).
  3. What two types of sin does an olah atone for?
    1:4 – Neglecting a positive command, and violating a negative command which is rectified by a positive command.
  4. Where was the olah slaughtered?
    1:5 – In the Mishkan Courtyard (azarah).
  5. What procedure of an animal-offering can a non-kohen perform?
    1:5 – Ritual slaughter.
  6. Besides the fire the kohanim bring on the altar, where else did the fire come from?
    1:7 – It descended from Heaven.
  7. At what stage of development are torim (turtledoves) and bnei yona (young pigeons) unfit as offerings?
    1:14 – When their plumage turns golden. At that stage, bnei yona are too old and torim are too young.
  8. What is melika?
    1:15 – Slaughtering a bird from the back of the neck using one's fingernail.
  9. Why are animal innards offered on the altar, while bird innards are not?
    1:16 – An animal's food is provided by its owner, so its innards are “kosher.” Birds, however, eat food that they scavenge, so their innards are tainted with “theft.”
  10. Why does the Torah describe both the animal and bird offerings as a “satisfying aroma”?
    1:17 – To indicate that the size of the offering is irrelevant, provided your heart is directed toward G-d.
  11. Why is the term “nefesh” used regarding the flour offering?
    2:1 – Usually, it is a poor person who brings a flour offering. Therefore, G-d regards it as if he had offered his nefesh (soul).
  12. Which part of the free-will mincha offering is burned on the altar?
    2:1 – The kometz (fistful).
  13. The Torah forbids bringing honey with the mincha. What is meant by “honey”?
    2:11 – Any sweet fruit derivative.
  14. When does the Torah permit bringing a leavened bread offering?
    2:12 – On Shavuot.
  15. Concerning shelamim, why does the Torah teach about sheep and goats separately?
    3:7 – Because they differ regarding the alya (fat tail). The lamb's alya is burned on the altar but the goat's is not.
  16. For most offerings the kohen may use a service vessel to apply the blood on the mizbe'ach. For which korban may he apply the blood using only his finger?
    3:8 – The chatat.
  17. Who is obligated to bring a chatat?
    4:2 – One who accidentally transgresses a negative commandment whose willing violation carries the karet (excision) penalty.
  18. Where were the remains of the bull burned while in the wilderness? Where were they burned during the time of the Beit Hamikdash?
    4:12 –
    1. Outside the three camps.
    2. Outside Jerusalem.
  19. What two things does a voluntary mincha have that a minchat chatat lacks?
    5:11 – Levona and oil.
  20. What is the minimum value of a korban asham?
    5:15 – Two shekalim.

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Halachot from Maran Rabbi Ovadia Yosef Ztz'l

שאלה: כמה שיעורי “כזית” מצה צריך לאכול בליל פסח?

תשובה: בליל הסדר חובה לאכול סך הכל שלשה שיעורי “כזית” של מצה. וכל כזית הוא שיעור של קרוב לשלשים גרם מצה. ומכל מקום יש מקום להחמיר לאכול ארבעה שיעורים של מצה, או חמישה, כמו שנבאר.

סדר ליל פסח

סדר ליל פסח שסידר רבינו רש”י הקדוש הוא כך: קדש. ורחץ. כרפס. יחץ. מגיד. רחצה. מוציא מצה. מרור. כורך. שלחן עורך. צפון. ברך. הלל. נרצה.

בקערת ליל הסדר מניחים שלוש מצות, וכשמגיעים בסדר ליל פסח ל”יחץ“, לוקח בעל הבית את המצה האמצעית מבין השלוש, ובוצע אותה לשתי חתיכות. ומניח את החלק הקטן בין שתי המצות, ואת החלק הגדול נותן לאחד מבני הבית שישמור אותה ל”אפיקומן”. כמו שיבואר.

ה”כזית” הראשון

כשמגיעים בסדר ל”מוציא מצה“, לוקח בעל הבית את שלשת המצות המוכנות בקערת ליל הסדר, ששתי המצות השלימות מונחות מלמעלה ומלמטה, וביניהן מונחת המצה הפרוסה שחצה אותה לשנים כשהגיע ל“יחץ”, ואוחז את המצות בידו ומברך “המוציא לחם מן הארץ”, ולאחר מכן מברך “על אכילת מצה”. ונוהגים שאחרי שמברך המוציא, שומט מידיו את המצה השלישית המונחת מלמטה, ומברך על אכילת מצה רק על המצה העליונה ועל המצה הפרוסה האמצעית. ובעל הבית אוכל כזית אחת מכל מצה.

נמצא שבעל הבית אוכל שני שיעורי כזית כבר באכילה זו. אחד מן המצה העליונה ואחד מן המצה האמצעית. אבל שאר בני הבית, שאין להם מספיק לאכול שני שעורים ממצות אלו שבידיו של בעל הבית, נותן להם בעל הבית מעט מכל מצה, ומצרף להם ממצות אחרות הנמצאות איתו עד שיגיעו לשיעור כזית אחד. ודי להם לכל הדעות בשיעור כזית אחד בלבד. נמצא כי שאר בני הבית אינם אוכלים באכילה זו אלא כשיעור כזית אחד בלבד. וגם בעל הבית אם מאיזו סיבה לא אכל שיעור של פעמיים כזית, יצא בדיעבד ידי חובתו. ולקוצר הזמן לא נוכל להרחיב את הדיבור ולהסביר את טעמי דין זה.

הכזית השני

לאחר מכן כשמגיע ל”כורך”, לוקח “כזית” מן המצה השלישית שבקערת ליל הסדר, וכורכה עם כזית מרור (חסה), וטובלה בחרוסת ואומר: “זכר למקדש כהלל”, ואוכלם ביחד בהסיבה. (כלומר, כשהוא מוטה על צד שמאל). נמצא שעד כאן אוכל בעל הבית שלש פעמים שיעור כזית, ושאר בני הבית אוכלים עד כאן שני שיעורים של כזית.

הכזית השלישי

כשמגיע בסעודתו ל”צפון”, לאחר גמר כל הסעודה, אוכלים מן המצה השמורה אצל אחד המסובים ל”אפיקומן”. ובעל הבית אוכל מאותה המצה שיעור “כזית” נוסף. (ולשאר בני הבית נותן ממצה אחרת שאיתו ומצרף להם מעט מן המצה שהיתה מוכנה מראש לאפיקומן). וגם מצה זו צריך שיאכלה בהיסבה, וצריך להזהר מאד לאכלה בהסיבה, שאם לא אכלה בהסיבה, לא יצא ידי חובתו ויצטרך לאכול כזית נוספת, ועלולה אכילתו להיות אכילה גסה, שגם באכילה כזו אינו יוצא ידי חובתו כפי שביארנו כבר.

ויש מחמירים לאכול כ”צפון” כשיעור שני זיתים, אחד זכר לקרבן פסח ואחד זכר למצה שהיו אוכלים עם קרבן פסח. נמצא שבעל הבית עד כאן אכל חמישה שיעורי כזית אם הוא מחמיר על עצמו, ואם לאו אינו אוכל אלא שיעור ארבע זיתים. ושאר בני הבית אוכלים ארבע זיתים אם הם מחמירים על עצמם, ואם לאו, אינם אוכלים אלא שיעור של שלשה זיתים.

ולסיכום: ב”מוציא מצה” אוכל בעל הבית שיעור כשני זיתים של מצה. ושאר בני הבית שאינם אוכלים מן המצה של בעל הבית אוכלים כזית אחת. וב”כורך” אוכל כל אחד כזית מצה. ומ”צפון” אוכל כל אחד כזית אחד, ויש מחמירים לאכול שיעור של שני זיתים מצה.

Question: How many “Kezayit”s (olive’s volume) of Matzah must one consume during the Pesach Seder?

Answer: One is obligated to eat altogether three “Kezayit”s of Matzah during the Pesach Seder. Every Kezayit amounts to approx. 30 grams of Matzah. Nevertheless, there is room for stringency to eat four or even five “Kezayit”s of Matzah, as we shall now explain.

The Order of the Seder Night
The order for the night of Pesach established by the great and holy Rashi, which we have already discussed, is as follows: Kadesh, Urchatz, Karpas, Yachatz, Magid, Rochtza, Motzi, Matzah, Maror, Korech, Shulchan Orech, Tzafun, Barech, Hallel, Nirtzah.

Three Matzot are placed on top of the Seder plate. Upon reaching the part of the Seder entitled, “Yachatz,” the head of the household takes the middle Matzah and splits it into two pieces. He keeps the smaller of the two pieces and the larger of the two pieces is kept for the “Afikomen.”

The First Kezayit
Upon reaching the part of the Seder entitled, “Motzi-Matzah”, the head of the household takes the three Matzot already prepared on the Seder plate. The top and bottom Matzot are whole and the middle Matzah is the one which was broken in half during “Yachatz.” He holds these Matzot in his hands and proceeds to recite the blessing of “Hamotzi Lechem Min Ha’aretz” followed by the blessing of “Al Achilat Matzah.” It is customary that after one recites the blessing of “Hamotzi,” one lets go of the bottom Matzah and continues to recite “Al Achilat Matzah” while holding only the top whole Matzah and the middle split Matzah. The head of the household must then eat a Kezayit of each Matzah.

 Thus far, the head of the household will have already eaten two “Kezayit”s during this part of the Seder. However, the other members of the household, who do not have enough to eat two “Kezayit”s from the Matzot of the head of the household should be given a small piece of the head of the household’s Matzah and he will then supplement that with other Matzot that he has until it reaches the amount of a Kezayit. Regarding the members of the household who do not eat a Kezayit from the head of the household’s Matzot, they do not need to be eating two “Kezayit”s; rather, one Kezayit is sufficient according to all opinions. It turns out that the other members of the household (excluding the head of the household) are only eating one Kezayit at this point in the Seder. Even if the head of the household, for whatever reason, did not eat his allotted two “Kezayit”s and has only eaten one Kezayit, he has fulfilled his obligation. Due to time constraints, we will not be able to elaborate on the reasons behind this law any further.

The Second Kezayit
Afterwards, upon reaching the part of the Seder entitled, “Korech,” one takes a Kezayit from the third Matzah on the Seder plate and wraps a Kezayit of Maror in it and then he dips it in Charoset, after which one recites, “Zecher La’Mikdash Ke’Hillel,” and then eats this while leaning on one’s left side. At this point, the head of the household has eaten three “Kezayit”s of Matzah and the rest of the members of the household have eaten only two “Kezayit”s.

The Third Kezayit
Upon reaching the part of the Seder entitled, “Tzafun,” which is after concluding the festive meal, the Matzah hidden under the tablecloth is eaten as the “Afikomen” and another Kezayit must be eaten from this Matzah. (For the other family members, the Seder leader hands out other Matzot in addition to a small piece of the designated “Afikomen” Matzah.) One must be very careful to eat this Matzah while leaning as well, for if one did not, one has not fulfilled one’s obligation and will need to eat another Kezayit of Matzah while leaning. This may very well lead to a point of excessive eating which can also be a cause of not fulfilling this Mitzvah, as we have already explained.

Some act stringently and eat two “Kezayit”s during “Tzafun,” one in commemoration of the Pesach offering and one in commemoration of the Matzah that was eaten with it. At this point, the head of the household will have eaten five “Kezayit”s of Matzah if he acts more stringently, and if not, he will only haven eaten four. The other members of the household will have eaten four “Kezayit”s if they act more stringently, and if they not, they will have only eaten three.


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לוח זמני תפלה לחורף תשפ״א

מוצאי שבת

ערבית
)
מוצש(

שקיעה

מנחה שבת

סוף זמן קריאת שמע

הדלקת נרות

מנחה וקבלת שבת

תאריך

שבת פרשת

Shabbat

Ends

Arbit

Sunset

Minha

Shema before

Candle Lighting

Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat

Date

Parasha

PM

PM

PM

PM

AM

PM

PM

 

 

6:59

6:55

6:08

5:35

9:23

5:52

5:52

12/13 Mar

ויקהלפקודי (החודש)(ש”מ)  

Q & A on Parashat Vayakhel – Pekude

Questions & Answers on:

Vayakhel

  1. On which day did Moshe
    assemble the Jewish People?
  2. Why is the prohibition
    against doing work on Shabbat written prior to the instruction for
    building the Mishkan?
  3. Why does the Torah specify
    the particular prohibition of lighting a fire on Shabbat right after it
    had already noted the general prohibition of doing work on Shabbat?
  4. What function did the “yitdot
    hamishkan
    ” serve?
  5. What function did the “bigdei
    hasrad
    ” serve?
  6. What was unusual about the
    way the women spun the goat's hair?
  7. Why were the Nesi'im
    last to contribute to the building of the Mishkan? How does the Torah show
    dissatisfaction with their actions?
  8. Who does the Torah identify
    as the primary builders of the Mishkan? From which tribes were they?
  9. What time of day did the
    people bring their daily contributions for the construction of the
    Mishkan?
  10. For what was the woven
    goat's hair used?
  11. What image was woven into
    the parochet?
  12. Why does the Torah attribute
    the building of the aron to Bezalel?
  13. Where were the sculptured cheruvim
    located?
  14. How many lamps did the menorah
    have?
  15. Of what materials was the mizbe'ach
    haketoret
    composed?
  16. Of what material was the mizbe'ach
    ha'olah
    composed?
  17. The kiyor was made
    from copper mirrors. What function did these mirrors serve in Egypt?
  18. How did the kiyor
    promote peace?
  19. The kiyor was made
    from the mirrors of the women who were crowding at the entrance to the Ohel
    Mo'ed
    . Why were the women crowding there?
  20. Of what material were the
    yitdot hamishkan” constructed?

Pekude

  1. Why is the word Mishkan
    stated twice in verse 38:21?
  2. Why is the Mishkan called
    the “Mishkan of Testimony”?
  3. Who was appointed to carry
    the vessels of the Mishkan in the midbar?
  4. Who was the officer in
    charge of the levi'im?
  5. What is the meaning of the
    name Bezalel?
  6. How many people contributed
    a half-shekel to the Mishkan? Who contributed?
  7. Which material used in the bigdei
    kehuna
    was not used in the coverings of the sacred vessels?
  8. How were the gold threads
    made?
  9. What was inscribed on the
    stones on the shoulders of the ephod?
  10. What was on the hem of the me'il?
  11. What did the Kohen Gadol wear
    between the mitznefet and the tzitz?
  12. What role did Moshe play in
    the construction of the Mishkan?
  13. Which date was the first
    time that the Mishkan was erected and not dismantled?
  14. What was the “tent”
    which Moshe spread over the Mishkan(40:19)?
  15. What “testimony
    did Moshe place in the aron?
  16. What function did the parochet
    serve?
  17. Where was the shulchan
    placed in the Mishkan?
  18. Where was the menorah
    placed in the Mishkan?
  19. Who offered the communal
    sacrifices during the eight days of the dedication of the Mishkan?
  20. On which day did both Moshe
    and Aharon serve as kohanim?

Answers

All references are to the verses and Rashi’s
commentary, unless otherwise stated.

Vayakhel

  1. 35:1 – The day after Yom
    Kippur
    .
  2. 35:2 – To emphasize that the
    building of the Mishkan doesn't supersede the laws of Shabbat.
  3. 35:3 – There are two
    opinions: One opinion is to teach that igniting a fire on Shabbat is
    punishable by lashes as opposed to other “melachot” which
    are punishable by death. The other opinion is to teach that violation of
    numerous “melachot” at one time requires a separate
    atonement for each violation.
  4. 35:18 – The edges of the
    curtains were fastened to them. These were inserted in the ground so the
    curtains would not move in the wind.
  5. 35:19 – They covered the aron,
    the shulchan, the menorah, and the mizbachot when
    they were packed for transport.
  6. 35:26 – It was spun directly
    from off the backs of the goats.
  7. 35:27 – The Nesi'im
    reasoned that they would first let the people contribute materials needed
    for the Mishkan and then they would contribute what was lacking. The Torah
    shows its dissatisfaction by deleting a letter from their title.
  8. 35:30, 35:34 – Bezalel ben
    Uri from the tribe of Yehuda; Oholiav ben Achisamach from the tribe of
    Dan.
  9. 36:3 – Morning.
  10. 36:14 – It was made into
    curtains to be draped over the Mishkan
  11. 36:35 – Cherubim.
    (See Rashi 26:31)
  12. 37:1 – Because he dedicated
    himself to its building more than anyone else.
  13. 37:7 – On the two
    extremities of the kaporet (cover of the aron).
  14. 37:23 – Seven.
  15. 37:25,26 – Wood overlaid
    with gold.
  16. 38:1-2 – Wood overlaid with
    copper.
  17. 38:8 – These mirrors aided
    in the proliferation of the Jewish People. The Jewish women in Egypt would
    look in the mirrors so as to awaken the affections of their husbands who
    were exhausted by their slave labor.
  18. 38:8 – Its waters helped a
    woman accused of adultery to prove her innocence.
  19. 38:8 – To donate to the
    Mishkan.
  20. 38:20 – Copper.

Pekude

  1. 38:21 – To allude to the Beit
    Hamikdash
    that would twice be taken as a “mashkon”
    (pledge) for the sins of the Jewish People until the nation repents.
  2. 38:21 – It was testimony for
    the Jewish People that G-d forgave them for the golden calf and allowed
    His Shechina to dwell among them.
  3. 38:21 – The levi'im.
  4. 38:21 – Itamar ben Aharon.
  5. 38:22 – “In the shadow
    of G-d.”
  6. 38:26 – 603,550. Every man
    age twenty and over (except the levi'im).
  7. 39:1 – Linen (See Rashi
    31:10
    ).
  8. 39:3 – The gold was beaten
    into thin plates from which threads were cut. (See Rashi 28:6).
  9. 39:6, 39:7 – The names of
    the tribes.
  10. 39:24,25 – Woven
    pomegranates and golden bells.
  11. 39:31 – Tefillin.
  12. 39:33 – He stood it up.
  13. 40:17 – Rosh Chodesh
    Nissan
    of the second year in the desert. For seven days before this,
    during the consecration of Aharon and his sons, Moshe erected and
    dismantled the Mishkan. (Rashi 39:29)
  14. 40:19 – The curtain of
    goatskin.
  15. 40:20 – The Luchot
    Habrit.
  16. 40:21 – It served as a
    partition for the aron.
  17. 40:22 – On the northern side
    of the Ohel Mo'ed, outside the parochet.
  18. 40:24 – On the southern side
    of the Ohel Mo'ed opposite the shulchan.
  19. 40:29 – Moshe.
  20. 40:31 – On the eighth day of
    the consecration of the Mishkan.

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Halachot from Maran Rabbi Ovadia Yosef Ztz'l

חודש ניסן

ימי ניסן כולם, הם ימי שמחה
לישראל, בתקופות העבר ההווה והעתיד, כי באחד בניסן הוקם המשכן, ושנים עשר נשיאים
של שנים עשר שבטי ישראל הקריבו את קרבנותיהם לחנוכת המזבח, ולמחרת היום השנים עשר,
כלומר, ביום י”ג בניסן, היה יום אסרו חג שלהם, (יום אסרו חג הוא היום שאחר
החג), ויום י”ד בניסן הוא ערב פסח
.

ולאחר מכן החלו שבעת ימי הפסח,
ויום כ”ב בניסן הוא אסרו חג של הפסח, ובניין בית המקדש השלישי, שיבנה במהרה
בימינו, יהיה ביום טוב ראשון של פסח, ועל כן הוא יום שמחה לדורות עולם
.

ואף על פי שאסור לעסוק בבניית
בית המקדש ביום טוב, שהרי הבנייה כרוכה בכמה מלאכות האסורות בהחלט בחג, מכל מקום,
בית המקדש השלישי עתיד להיבנות בידי שמים, ודבר זה הוא אפשרי ביום טוב), וכפי
שנאמר
, “בניסן נגאלו ובניסן עתידין להיגאל“, וככתוב, “כימי צאתך
מארץ מצרים אראנו נפלאות”, וחנוכת בית המקדש השלישי תהיה נמשכת שבעה ימים,
ותתקיים רק לאחר שבעת ימי הפסח, משום שאי אפשר לשמוח בחנוכת בית המקדש בימי פסח,
שהרי אין מערבין שמחה בשמחה. (ומטעם זה אסור לעשות שמחת נשואין במועד), נמצא שכל
ימי חודש ניסן מקודשים לימי ששון ושמחה לישראל, ולכן אין ראוי לומר וידוי ותחנון
לפני השם יתברך בימים אלו
, ולפיכך
גם לא אומרים “נפילת אפיים” בתפילה כל ימי חודש ניסן
.

וכמו כן אין גוזרים על הציבור
תענית בחודש ניסן, אבל נוהגים להתענות אף בחודש ניסן ביום הפקודה לאביו או לאימו.
(כלומר, ביום האזכרה של אביו ואמו, נהגו להתענות לעלוי נשמתם, ותענית זו, אין
לבטלה אפילו בחודש ניסן
)

The Month of Nissan

The month of Nissan is a
joyous time for Israel; it has been in the past, it is in the present, and will
continue to be in the future. This is because on the First of Nissan, the
Mishkan (Tabernacle) was erected and the twelve leaders of the Twelve Tribes of
Israel commenced bringing their sacrifices in honor of the inauguration of the
Mizbe’ach (altar). The day following the twelfth day, meaning the Thirteenth of
Nissan, was Isru Chag for them and the Fourteenth of Nissan was already Erev
Pesach.

After this, the seven days of Pesach commenced and the Twenty-Second of Nissan
was Isru Chag. The building of the third Bet HaMikdash, which we pray should be
speedily in our days, will take place on the first day of Pesach, and this is
why this day will be especially joyous forever.

Although one may not build the Bet HaMikdash on Yom Tov, for this building
entails several works that are prohibited on Yom Tov, nevertheless, the third
Bet HaMikdash shall be built by Hashem, and this is indeed permissible on Yom
Tov. It is written, “In Nissan they were redeemed and in Nissan they shall once
again be redeemed in the future,” as the verse states, “As it was in the days
you left Egypt, I shall show them wonders.” The inauguration of the third Bet
HaMikdash shall last for seven days, but will not be able to be celebrated
until after the holiday of Pesach, for two joyous occasions may not be combined
(it is for this reason that one may not get married during the holiday). It
comes out that the entire month of Nissan is dedicated to joy and happiness for
Israel. Thus, it is improper to recite Viduy and Tachanun (supplication
prayers) before Hashem during these days and we therefore do not recite Nefilat
Apayim (Tachanun prayer) during the entire month of Nissan.

Similarly, a fast cannot be decreed upon the public during this month.
Nevertheless, one would customarily fast in honor of his either of his parents’
anniversary of death during this month. (This means that it is customary to
fast on the anniversary of one’s parent’s demise and this fast should not be
pushed off, even if it falls out during the month of Nissan.)



Newsletter Shabbat Ki Tisa – Parshat PARA

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Have a look at our website www.moorlane.info  
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To Mrs. D Shalom
for arranging the Purim Arts & Craft projects 
for the children of the Bet Hakeneset
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learning 
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25 minutes before Korbanot
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Sefardic World
This week we have an opportunity to put questions directly to a world expert in Sephardic research. Jessica V Roitman is the newly appointed Professor in Jewish Studies at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.

Her current research focuses on Sephardim in the Atlantic World, including the intersection of colonialism and Judaism.  She examines themes such as the self-fashioning of communities, identity and the contacts between various communities in the Caribbean. Jessica obtained her PhD in 2009 from Leiden University.

Many thanks to our regular and new patrons. We couldn't do this without you. The popularity of Sephardic World means that we are now often over-subscribed and may soon need to restrict Zoom meetings to patrons. Please consider joining our patrons in making a small monthly donation to help keep the show on the road! https://www.patreon.com/sephardi 

The meeting is today, Sunday 7 March 2021 at 11am LA, 2pm NYC, 7pm London, 8pm Amsterdam and 9pm Jerusalem. Join us on Zoom at:  https://us02web.zoom.us/j/81717053464

If you cannot get into the meeting we have an overflow at: https://www.facebook.com/sephardicgenealogy 
Best wishes,

Ton and David

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לוח זמני תפלה לחורף תשפ״א

מוצאי שבת

ערבית
)
מוצש(

שקיעה

מנחה שבת

סוף זמן קריאת שמע

הדלקת נרות

מנחה וקבלת שבת

תאריך

שבת פרשת

Shabbat

Ends

Arbit

Sunset

Minha

Shema before

Candle Lighting

Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat

Date

Parasha

PM

PM

PM

PM

AM

PM

PM

 

 

6:46

6:45

5:55

5:20

9:32

5:39

5:39

5/6 Mar

כי תשא (פרה)   

Q & A on Parashat Ki Tisa

All references are to the verses and Rashi’s commentary, unless otherwise stated.

  1. How many “geira” are in a shekel?
    30:13 – Twenty.
  2. What was the minimum age of military service in the Jewish army?
    30:14 – Twenty.
  3. What were the three different types of terumah donated?
    30:15 – For the adanim (sockets), for the purchase of communal sacrifices, and for the building of the Mishkan.
  4. The Jews were counted after Yom Kippur and again after Pesach. Both times they numbered the same amount. How can this be? Didn't some 19-year olds turn 20 during that six month period?
    30:16 – Their ages were calculated based on Rosh Hashana, not based on their individual birthdays.
  5. How many ingredients comprise the incense of the Mishkan?
    30:34 – Eleven ingredients were used making the incense.
  6. According to Rashi, why are sailors called “malachim?”
    30:35 – Because they stir (malach) the water with their oars.
  7. What is the difference between chochma (wisdom), bina (understanding), and da'at (knowledge)?
    31:3 – Chochma is knowledge acquired from others. Bina is the deduction of new knowledge from what one has already learned. Da'at is holy inspiration.
  8. Shabbat is a “sign.” What does it signify?
    31:13 – It is a sign between G-d and the Jewish People that He has chosen them and a sign to the nations of the world that He has sanctified the Jewish People.
  9. When did the Jewish People begin to give contributions for the building of the Mishkan?
    31:18 – The 11th of Tishrei.
  10. How many books are there in Tanach?
    31:18 – 24.
  11. From where did the men take the earrings that they donated to make the calf?
    32:2,3 – From their ears.
  12. Why did Aharon build the altar for the golden calf by himself?
    32:5 – He hoped that by building it by himself it would take longer and in the interim Moshe would return.
  13. Why did Moshe break the Tablets?
    32:19 – Moshe reasoned: If the Torah forbids those who have estranged themselves from the Torah to partake in even a single commandment (Pesach sacrifice), surely the entire Torah cannot be given to a whole nation which has estranged itself from G-d!
  14. How can two brothers belong to two different tribes?
    32:27 – Half-brothers, sharing the same mother.
  15. Why did Moshe ask that his name be erased from the Torah?
    32:32 – So people shouldn't say “Moshe was unworthy to plead for mercy on behalf of the Jewish people.”
  16. How has the sin of the golden calf affected the Jewish People throughout history?
    32:34 – Whenever G-d punishes the Jewish People, part of that punishment comes as payment for the sin of the golden calf.
  17. In verse 33:2, G-d says that the inhabitants of Eretz Canaan would be driven out of the Land. In that verse, only six of the seven Canaanite nations are mentioned. What happened to the seventh?
    33:2 – The seventh nation, the Girgashites, voluntarily emigrated.
  18. How did G-d show that He forgave the Jewish People?
    33:14 – He agreed to let His Shechina dwell among them.
  19. How did Moshe become wealthy?
    34:1 – Moshe carved the Tablets out of precious stone. G-d commanded Moshe to keep the leftover fragments.
  20. How do the light rays shining from Moshe's face show us the powerful effect of sin?
    34:35 – Before the sin of the golden calf, the people would not have been afraid to look at the light rays, but after the sin they were afraid.

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Halachot from Maran Rabbi Ovadia Yosef Ztz'l

דין הכשר כלים לפסח

בהלכות
הקודמות


הזכרנו
שאין להשתמש בפסח בכלי חמץ, מפני שהם בלועים מחמץ כמו שהסברנו
.
והנה
דיני הכשר כלים לפסח הם קשים גם מבחינה הלכתית וגם מבחינה מעשית, ומרן רבינו הגדול
רבי עובדיה יוסף זצ”ל סידר לנו בחבוריו ובשעוריו את דיני הכשרת הכלים לחג
הפסח
.

כל
כלי, דרך ההכשר שלו היא כפי דרך השימוש בו, משום שכלל יש בידינו “כבולעו כך
פולטו” ולפיכך כלי שדרך השימוש בו היא על ידי בישול, כגון סיר בישול
,
דרך
ההכשר שלו היא כתשמישו, והיינו להגעילו, כלומר לטובלו, בתוך כלי עם מים רותחים.
וצריך שיהיו המים רותחים בכלי ראשון, (כלומר, יש להגעיל את הכלי במים רותחים
שנמצאין בכלי הראשון שבו הם רתחו, אבל אין להגעיל את הכלי בתוך מים רותחים ששפכו
אותם מהכלי שבו הם רתחו לכלי אחר, כי כלי זה כבר אינו כלי ראשון, אלא כלי שני,
ואין המים שבכלי שני רותחים דיים בכדי לגרום להפלטת מה שבלוע בתוך הכלי שמטבילים
בתוכו.) ולכן סכינים וכפות וכיוצא בזה
, אפשר להגעילם על ידי שיטבלם בתוך מים רותחים
שבקומקום החשמלי, על ידי שיטביל תחילה צד אחד של הסכין ולאחר מכן את צידו השני.
(ואם הידית של הסכין עשויה עץ אי אפשר להכשירה בהגעלה
).

קודם
ההגעלה יש לנקות את הכלים היטב לבל ישאר בהם שום שמץ לכלוך או חלודה
.

שפודים
ואסכלאות שמשתמשים בהם באש בלא אמצעות נוזלים, צריכים ליבון באש ממש עד שיהיו
ניצוצות ניתזין מהם, דהיינו עד שיאדים הברזל. וכן הדין ב”סיר פלא

שאופים
בו עוגה חמץ על גבי הכיריים במשך כל ימות השנה, ההכשר שלו הוא רק על ידי
“ליבון חמור” דהיינו ליבון על גבי אש עד שיאדים הברזל. ובסירים בדרך כלל
הדבר אינו אפשרי מבחינה מעשית ולכן בהכרח יש לקנות סיר חדש. אבל סיר שהשתמשו בו רק
לבישול, יש לו הכשר כאמור על ידי הגעלה ברותחין
.

החצובה,
שהיא
הברזל המונח סמוך לאש על גבי הכיריים, יש לנקותה ולהגעילה ברותחין
.
ואם
עירה עליה (שפך עליה) מים רותחים מכלי ראשון, הוכשרה בכך. ומותר להשתמש בה בפסח
.

ובהלכה
הבאה נבאר עוד פרטי דינים בזה
.

The Laws of Koshering Vessels for Pesach

In
the
previous
Halacha
, we have explained
that one should not use Chametz vessels on Pesach since they have Chametz
flavor absorbed in them. Since the laws of koshering vessels for Pesach are
difficult both from a halachic and a practical
perspective, Maran Rabbeinu Ovadia Yosef zt”l
has arranged these laws for us in a clear and concise manner in his lectures as
well as in his works.

A vessel is koshered in the same manner it is generally used, for we have a
rule, “The same way it absorbs is the same way it releases.” Therefore, any
vessel which is used for cooking, such as a pot, the method of koshering it is
the same way it is used, i.e. a process called “Hag’ala” which is immersing it
in a pot of boiling water. The boiling water must be in “Keli Rishon” (meaning
that the vessel must be immersed into boiling water which is in the original
vessel where the water was boiled in and is still on the flame; however, one
should not perform Hag’ala in a vessel which the water was not originally
boiled in and was merely poured into from the original vessel which was on the
fire, for this vessel is not considered a “Keli Rishon” and is merely a “Keli
Sheni.” The water in a “Keli Sheni” is not considered boiling enough to cause
the vessel immersed into it to release its Chametz flavor). Thus, knives,
spoons, and the like can be koshered by immersing them into water boiled in a
pot on the flame or an electric kettle by first immersing one end of the knife
followed by the other end. (If the handle of the knife is made of wood, it
cannot be koshered through Hag’ala.)

Before performing Hag’ala, one must clean the vessel thoroughly and make sure
no residue or rust remains.

Skewers and spits which are used with fire but without liquids must be torched
with fire until sparks emerge, i.e. when the metal turns red. The same applies
to a “Wonder Pot” which is used to bake Chametz cakes throughout the year which
can only be koshered by torching it with fire until the metal turns red-hot.
Usually, this is not practical with regards to pots and one must therefore
purchase new pots for Pesach. Nevertheless, a pot which was used only for
cooking Chametz throughout the year can be koshered with Hag’ala as we have
explained.

The grate, which is the square or round metal piece which the pots and pans sit
on the stovetop during cooking, should be koshered by cleaning it well and
immersing it into boiling water in a Keli Rishon. However, if one pours boiling
water from a Keli Rishon onto it, it is nevertheless koshered and is then
permissible for use on Pesach.

In the next Halacha, we shall, G-d-willing, discuss this
matter further.

דיני
הכשר כלים לפסח (המשך
)


ביארנו,
שיש
להשתמש בפסח בכלים שלא נבלע בהם חמץ, דהיינו כלים חדשים (או מיוחדים לפסח), או
כלים שהוכשרו לפסח. ובדרך כלל דרך ההכשר של הכלי הוא כדרך השימוש בו
.

צלחות
וקערות
, ששמים בהן מאכלים חמים, אבל לא משתמשים בהן ככלי ראשון ממש,
דהיינו שהדרך היא שכששמים בהן מאכל, יוצקים אותו לתוכן מתוך סיר אחר, (שאותו סיר
הוא היה הכלי הראשון שרתחו בו המים) הכשרן הוא כדרך שימושן, דהיינו על ידי שיערו
(מלשון עירוי
– שפיכה) עליהם מים רותחים מכלי ראשון (למשל, מתוך הקומקום החשמלי שבו רתחו המים),
וכל שכן שניתן להכשירם על ידי הגעלה ממש, דהיינו להטבילן בתוך מים רותחים בכלי
הראשון שהם רותחים בו
.

מחבת,
שמטגנים
בו מאכלי חמץ בשמן, נחלקו בו הפוסקים אם דינו כדין סיר שמבשלין בו תבשילים של חמץ
שדי לו בהגעלה, או שמא מכיון שאין בו נוזלים כל כך, דינו כדין שיפודים שצריכים
ליבון על ידי אש. ומנהג הספרדים הוא שדי למחבת בהגעלה, ואילו למנהג האשכנזים יש
להצריך ליבון באש למחבת. וכתב מרן רבינו הגדול רבי עובדיה יוסף זצ”ל, שאף
למנהג האשכנזים אין להצריך שהמחבת תרתח על ידי אש עד שהיא תאדים אלא די בליבון קל,
דהיינו שהמחבת תתחמם עד שאם ישימו עליה קש הוא ישרף
.

כל
כלי שלא השתמשו בו ברותחין, כגון כלי כסף, וכן המקרר והמקפיא וכדומה, אינם צריכים
שום הכשר, ודי להם בניקוי היטב בלבד
.

כלי
חרס אין להם שום הכשר כלל ואף אם ילבנם היטב באש, לעולם הם עומדים באיסורם. וכלי
זכוכית, אינם צריכים הכשר כלל ולדעת מרן השלחן ערוך די להם בשטיפה כהוגן, אך מנהג
האשכנזים להחמיר בזה. וכבר הזכרנו מחלוקת זו בהלכות בשר וחלב. כלי פורצליין, אף
למנהג הספרדים, דינם ככלי חרס ולא מועיל להם שום הכשר
.

יש
להשתדל ככל האפשר שהכלים יוגעלו לאחר שיעברו עליהם עשרים וארבע שעות בלי שימוש.
ומותר להגעיל כלי חלב וכלי בשר בזה אחר זה
, בתוך כלי
גדול
.

The Laws of Koshering Vessels for Pesach-Continued

We
have explained
that on Pesach one must use vessels and dishes
that have not absorbed Chametz, meaning either new vessels (or vessels
designated specially for Pesach use) or vessels that have been koshered for
Pesach. Usually, the way to kosher a vessel is in the same manner it is
normally used.

Regarding plates and bowls that hot foods are placed in but are not used as a
real “Keli Rishon” (i.e. a vessel with boiling hot liquid directly on the fire
or heat source), meaning that when food is placed in them, it is usually dished
out of another pot (and this pot was the “Keli Rishon” where the water was
actually boiled), their koshering process is in the way it is used, i.e.
through pouring boiling water on them from a “Keli Rishon” (for instance, from
an electric kettle that water was boiled in). Certainly, these items may be
koshered through “Hag’ala,” meaning immersing them into boiling water in a
“Keli Rishon” where the water was boiled.

Regarding pans that are used to fry Chametz foods in oil, the is a disagreement
in the Poskim whether it can be halachically considered like a pot that Chametz
foods are cooked in and Hag’ala will be sufficient or since not much liquid is
used to fry foods in it, it should have the halachic
status of skewers which require “Libun,” torching with fire. The custom of
Sephardic Jewry is that Hag’ala is sufficient for frying pans, while the
Ashkenazim customarily require Libun with fire for these pans. Maran Rabbeinu
Ovadia Yosef zt”l
writes that even according to the Ashkenazi custom, it is not necessary to fire
up the pan to such a degree that it turns red-hot; rather, a light Libun, i.e.
that it becomes hot enough from the fire that if a straw would come in contact
with the pan it would burn, is sufficient.

Any vessels not used with hot foods or liquids, such as silver goblets,
refrigerators, and freezers, do not require any koshering and a thorough
cleaning is sufficient.

Vessels made of pottery are unable to be koshered; even if they were to be
torched with fire very well, they would remain in their forbidden state.
According to Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch, glass vessels need no koshering and
washing it well will be sufficient. However, Ashkenazim customarily act
stringently regarding glass vessels. Even according to the custom of the
Sephardim, porcelain vessels are treated as pottery and cannot be koshered.

It is preferable, wherever possible, to perform Hag’ala on vessels needing koshering
only after they have not been used for twenty-four hours. It is permissible to
perform Hag’ala on meat and dairy vessels one after another when the Hag’ala is
being done in a large pot.


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