ק׳ ק׳ שׁערי תפילה
A
Brief Guide to the Sedarim and Pesach
by
Rabbi Stamler
Chamets
– no owning: Mechirat chametz is serious: 100% in my mind that it belongs to
that person. If going to a different time zone, tell the Rabbi.
1)
Bedika:
remember alcoholic drinks, Whiskey. Beer.vodka
can be grain based; cereal Pasta. Spaghetti. Couscous.
2)
Malt
and products containing malt like malt vinegar, and many cereals like
cornflakes, rice-krispies. Glucose is often חמץ.
3)
Regular
flour. Products containing flour like powdered soups and liquorice. Barley cup.
4)
Kitniyot
like rice etc can be owned even if according to your minhag it is not eaten.
5)
Ordering
before Pesach or post Pesach delivery
is allowed. Best to arrange delivery for 4 hours after the end of Pesach.
6)
The בְּדִיקָה
Tue
night should be made as soon after 8.34pm as possible.
7)
A car, offices
require בְּדִיקָה.
8)
Most don’t
require בְּדִיקָה
on Sefarim but any Sefer that may have been used around food should not be
brought to the table on פֶּסַח.
Ø Birkonim
and Zemirot should be put away and sold with the חָמֵץ.
9)
Any furniture
or appliances that can be moved (and sometimes are) should be moved and
checked.
10)
A box in Shul
should be checked if one sometimes places sweets or other food there.
11)
buggies,
suitcases, brief-cases, school bags,
12)
backpacks, purses,
hoover bags, hand bags,
drawers,
freezer, garage, rubbish bins,
locker, lunch
boxes, perfumes, medicines.
MEDICINES
WHICH ARE ESSENTIAL TO AVOID DETERIORATION OF A POTENTIALLY LIFE-THREATENING
CONDITION MAY BE TAKEN. Preplanning to find kosher-for-Pesach alternatives
should be done where feasible. ‘Hakohol’ has an extensive listing of medicinal
products.
13)
Pockets can be
checked prior to night of 14th
14)
Clothing
coming from the dry cleaners does not have to be checked, because any large item
would have been found and removed and any crumbs are no longer edible.
15)
Freshly
laundered clothing does not have to be checked for crumbs but it is a good idea
to make sure there isn't any packaged food in the pockets.
16)
Clothing that
MAY be worn on פֶּסַח that are not freshly laundered must be
checked thoroughly including removal of all crumbs.
17)
Clothing that
will definitely not be worn on פֶּסַח, need to be checked so that there will be
no large pieces of חָמֵץ left there.
18)
חָמֵץ
may not be fed to an animal or a pet on פֶּסַח.
Therefore, cages need to be cleaned and checked.
19)
All koshering
of keilim to be done by 10.17 Wed erev Pesach
20)
Remember to
say כל
חמירא twice, once at night and once in morning, preferably after
burning before 11.42 Wed
21)
Eruv tavshilin
-allows to cook on Fri 2nd day not Thur 1st day. Ideally
Fri cooking should be done so that it is edible before Shabbat comes in e.g.
cholent, hot water. A ben-Eretz Yisrael does not need to make eruv tavshilin.
22)
One may not
start the Seder until after צאת הכוכבים-stars out 8.36pm
23)
2nd
night 8.44 no preparation from 1st to 2nd day
should have in mind to be Yotzai the 5 Mitzvos of:
24)
Leaning:, 4
cups, matsa, korech , afikoman, Sefardi women lean, [Ashkenazi
women generally do not].
קַדֵשׁ
Order of
preference when choosing a wine? 1)
Better quality 2) Red over white (because red wine is usually considered higher
quality and because red wine reminds us of the מַכָּה
of דָם).
26)
The Cup should be
filled by other Seder participants to show freedom and royalty.
27)
Cup should be
large enough to hold a Reviit.
The opinions of a Reviit range between
2.9 fl. oz and 5.27 fl oz . 86 -150 cc
and should have a minimum of 4.4 fl. oz.
and 2.9 fl. oz. is enough.
28)
The cup should
be filled to the top.
29)
Most of a Reviit
must be drunk (even of a large cup). So do not use a very large cup.
30)
At least a full
Reviit (=2.9 oz) of the last cup (the 4th cup) should be drunk
(not just most of a Reviit=1.5 fl. oz), so that a Bracha Acharona ‘al hagefen’ can be said.
31)
Rov Reviit-most
of a Reviit is approx. an average mouthful.
32)
Women are also
חייב
in 4 cups.
33)
A child who is
old enough to understand יְצִיאַת מִצְרַיִם should have his own cup.
The wine
should be drunk within the normal time it takes to drink a Reviit ( 2
sips with a break in-between – about a few seconds).
the correct time-span.
35)
The wine
should be drunk while reclining on the left side.
36)
A lefty should
also lean to his/her left side.
כַּרְפַּס
37)
Karpas must be
a vegetable that we recite a בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָאַדָמָה
on.
38)
When reciting
the בְּרָכָה
of בּוֹרֵא
פְּרִי הָאַדָמָה one should also have in mind the Marror
that will be eaten later.
39)
One should
preferably eat less than a Kezayit of Karpas.
מַגִיד
40)
The הגדה
is not said while reclining, but with
respect and reverence.
41)
The story of
the הגדה
should be explained to the children to fulfill the Mitzvah of וְהִגַדְתָּ
לְבִנְךָ.
42)
Women are also
obligated in הגדה. Even someone who is busy (or falls
asleep) must ensure to hear from R` Gamliel (the three things that must be
said-Peach, Matzah, Marror) until גָאַל יִשְׂרָאֵל
i.e., until after the 2nd cup.
מוֹצִיא
43)
There should
preferably be no talking after the בְּרָכוֹת
are made on the מצה until after כּוֹרֵך
(the sandwich). This is because the בְּרָכוֹת
on
the מַצָה
are also for כּוֹרֵך (which is the correct way to eat the מַצָה
according to Hillel).
מַצָה
The מַצָה
must be eaten בְּכְדֵי אַכִילַת פְּרַס – the amount of time it takes to eat a פרס
(portion).
פְּרַס range from 2 min. to 9 min. [Rav Ovadia Yosef gave a time of6
or 7 minutes.]
Someone who
can't chew or eat the מצה may do one of two things
מָרוֹר
The preferred
Marror is Romaine Lettuce.
of properly checking it for insects. Lettuce stalks [which are more easily
checked] or horseradish avoid this problem.
47)
מָרוֹר
should not be soaked in water for 24 hours (and not is saltwater or vinegar even
for 18 minutes).
The מָרוֹר
is dipped into the Charoset and the excess is shaken off. Also for korech.
should be held while saying the בְּרָכָה.
49)
מָרוֹר is not eaten leaning.
כּוֹרֵךְ
Leaning
שֻׁלְחָן
עוֹרֵךְ
50)
One should
become full when eating the Afikomon. Therefore, care should be taken not to
overeat during the meal but rather to leave room to become filled by eating the
Afikomon.
51)
It is
preferable to finish the meal in time to eat the Afikomon before חַצוֹת
(Halachic midnight) 1.12.
צָפוּן
52)
A large כְּזַיִת
of Afikoman is eaten (בְּכְדֵי אַכִילַת פְּרַס
as above) reclining on the left side.
should be avoided unless needed to keep wake to relate nisim and hilchot
pesach.
54)
If one did eat
after the Afikomon, he/she must again eat a כְּזַיִת
of מַצָה
for Afikoman.
הַלֵל
55)
Say Hallel
with enthusiasm, The 4 verses of הוֹדוּ לַיי כִּי טוֹב
should be said responsively as is done in בית הכנסת
(i.e., The master of the house says a verse and everyone else responds הוֹדוּ
לַיי כִּי טוֹב…..).
Similarly
אָנָּא יי….. should be said responsively as is done in בית הכנסת.
56)
After the full
Hallel is said the 4th cup is drunk while reclining on the left
side.
57)
If forgot to
recline, he should not drink another cup (but may recline and continue drinking
the wine left in his cup).
58)
A full רְבִיעִית
(2.9 oz) of the 4th cup should be drunk in order to be able to say a
בְּרָכָה
אַחֲרוֹנָה.
General
59)
The whole
way through Pesach you should ensure to eat a kezayit at meals you wash for.
TEFILOT REMINDERS OVER פסח
- On 1st
day פסח we
stop saying משיב הרוח ומוריד הגשם at מוסף. - On חול
המועד פסח we
say ברכנו and not ברך עלינו - All
the way through פסח we
say יעלה ויבא in
birkat hamazon, and in the weekday שמנה עשרה of חול המועד. If forgotten, in amida one must go
back, not birkat Hamazon of chol hamoed. - We
say הלל שלם
[full הלל]
on the first two days of פסח. - We
say הלל בדילוג
[half הלל]
on the last six days of פסח. - We
say מוסף
all eight days of פסח.
Day
two: people from ארץ ישראל visiting חוץ לארץ who are only
keeping one day
have to be careful not to do melacha, even in private.
May
we merit to do all the mitsvot properly and in simcha, and to also very soon be
able to do the missing ones לשנה הבאה בירשלים .
תשובה: בליל הסדר חובה לאכול סך הכל שלשה שיעורי “כזית” של מצה. וכל כזית הוא שיעור של קרוב לשלשים גרם מצה. ומכל מקום יש מקום להחמיר לאכול ארבעה שיעורים של מצה, או חמישה, כמו שנבאר.
בקערת ליל הסדר מניחים שלוש מצות, וכשמגיעים בסדר ליל פסח ל”יחץ“, לוקח בעל הבית את המצה האמצעית מבין השלוש, ובוצע אותה לשתי חתיכות. ומניח את החלק הקטן בין שתי המצות, ואת החלק הגדול נותן לאחד מבני הבית שישמור אותה ל”אפיקומן”. כמו שיבואר.
נמצא שבעל הבית אוכל שני שיעורי כזית כבר באכילה זו. אחד מן המצה העליונה ואחד מן המצה האמצעית. אבל שאר בני הבית, שאין להם מספיק לאכול שני שעורים ממצות אלו שבידיו של בעל הבית, נותן להם בעל הבית מעט מכל מצה, ומצרף להם ממצות אחרות הנמצאות איתו עד שיגיעו לשיעור כזית אחד. ודי להם לכל הדעות בשיעור כזית אחד בלבד. נמצא כי שאר בני הבית אינם אוכלים באכילה זו אלא כשיעור כזית אחד בלבד. וגם בעל הבית אם מאיזו סיבה לא אכל שיעור של פעמיים כזית, יצא בדיעבד ידי חובתו. ולקוצר הזמן לא נוכל להרחיב את הדיבור ולהסביר את טעמי דין זה.
ויש מחמירים לאכול כ”צפון” כשיעור שני זיתים, אחד זכר לקרבן פסח ואחד זכר למצה שהיו אוכלים עם קרבן פסח. נמצא שבעל הבית עד כאן אכל חמישה שיעורי כזית אם הוא מחמיר על עצמו, ואם לאו אינו אוכל אלא שיעור ארבע זיתים. ושאר בני הבית אוכלים ארבע זיתים אם הם מחמירים על עצמם, ואם לאו, אינם אוכלים אלא שיעור של שלשה זיתים.
ולסיכום: ב”מוציא מצה” אוכל בעל הבית שיעור כשני זיתים של מצה. ושאר בני הבית שאינם אוכלים מן המצה של בעל הבית אוכלים כזית אחת. וב”כורך” אוכל כל אחד כזית מצה. ומ”צפון” אוכל כל אחד כזית אחד, ויש מחמירים לאכול שיעור של שני זיתים מצה.
Question: How many “Kezayit”s (olive’s volume) of Matzah must one consume during the Pesach Seder?
Answer: One is obligated to eat altogether three “Kezayit”s of Matzah during the Pesach Seder. Every Kezayit amounts to approx. 30 grams of Matzah. Nevertheless, there is room for stringency to eat four or even five “Kezayit”s of Matzah, as we shall now explain.
The Order of the Seder Night
The order for the night of Pesach established by the great and holy Rashi, which we have already discussed, is as follows: Kadesh, Urchatz, Karpas, Yachatz, Magid, Rochtza, Motzi, Matzah, Maror, Korech, Shulchan Orech, Tzafun, Barech, Hallel, Nirtzah.
Three Matzot are placed on top of the Seder plate. Upon reaching the part of the Seder entitled, “Yachatz,” the head of the household takes the middle Matzah and splits it into two pieces. He keeps the smaller of the two pieces and the larger of the two pieces is kept for the “Afikomen.”
The First Kezayit
Upon reaching the part of the Seder entitled, “Motzi-Matzah,” the head of the household takes the three Matzot already prepared on the Seder plate. The top and bottom Matzot are whole and the middle Matzah is the one which was broken in half during “Yachatz.” He holds these Matzot in his hands and proceeds to recite the blessing of “Hamotzi Lechem Min Ha’aretz” followed by the blessing of “Al Achilat Matzah.” It is customary that after one recites the blessing of “Hamotzi,” one lets go of the bottom Matzah and continues to recite “Al Achilat Matzah” while holding only the top whole Matzah and the middle split Matzah. The head of the household must then eat a Kezayit of each Matzah.
Thus far, the head of the household will have already eaten two “Kezayit”s during this part of the Seder. However, the other members of the household, who do not have enough to eat two “Kezayit”s from the Matzot of the head of the household should be given a small piece of the head of the household’s Matzah and he will then supplement that with other Matzot that he has until it reaches the amount of a Kezayit. Regarding the members of the household who do not eat a Kezayit from the head of the household’s Matzot, they do not need to be eating two “Kezayit”s; rather, one Kezayit is sufficient according to all opinions. It turns out that the other members of the household (excluding the head of the household) are only eating one Kezayit at this point in the Seder. Even if the head of the household, for whatever reason, did not eat his allotted two “Kezayit”s and has only eaten one Kezayit, he has fulfilled his obligation. Due to time constraints, we will not be able to elaborate on the reasons behind this law any further.
The Second Kezayit
Afterwards, upon reaching the part of the Seder entitled, “Korech,” one takes a Kezayit from the third Matzah on the Seder plate and wraps a Kezayit of Maror in it and then he dips it in Charoset, after which one recites, “Zecher La’Mikdash Ke’Hillel,” and then eats this while leaning on one’s left side. At this point, the head of the household has eaten three “Kezayit”s of Matzah and the rest of the members of the household have eaten only two “Kezayit”s.
The Third Kezayit
Upon reaching the part of the Seder entitled, “Tzafun,” which is after concluding the festive meal, the Matzah hidden under the tablecloth is eaten as the “Afikomen” and another Kezayit must be eaten from this Matzah. (For the other family members, the Seder leader hands out other Matzot in addition to a small piece of the designated “Afikomen” Matzah.) One must be very careful to eat this Matzah while leaning as well, for if one did not, one has not fulfilled one’s obligation and will need to eat another Kezayit of Matzah while leaning. This may very well lead to a point of excessive eating which can also be a cause of not fulfilling this Mitzvah, as we have already explained.
Some act stringently and eat two “Kezayit”s during “Tzafun,” one in commemoration of the Pesach offering and one in commemoration of the Matzah that was eaten with it. At this point, the head of the household will have eaten five “Kezayit”s of Matzah if he acts more stringently, and if not, he will only haven eaten four. The other members of the household will have eaten four “Kezayit”s if they act more stringently, and if they not, they will have only eaten three,
5-Pesach-Summer-5783-2023.pdf