ק׳ ק׳ שׁערי תפילה
תפלה לחורף תשפ״ג
Winter Timetable 5783 – 2022/23
מוצאי שבת | ערבית | שקיעה | מנחה שבת | סוף זמן קריאת שמע | הדלקת נרות | מנחה וקבלת שבת | תאריך | שבת פרשת |
Shabbat Ends | Arbit | Sunset | Minha | Shema before | Candle Lighting | Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat | Date | Parasha |
PM | PM | PM | PM | AM | PM | PM |
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4:54 | 4:50 | 3:57 | 3:20 | 9:55 | 3:44 | 3:44 | 25/26 Nov | תולדות |
- Why was it important that Yitzchak look like Avraham?
25:19 – So everyone would agree that Avraham was indeed his father. - Why does the Torah stress that Rivka was Betuel's daughter and Lavan's sister?
25:20 – To praise her, that even though her family was evil she was righteous. - What are the two differences between Tamar's pregnancy and Rivka's pregnancy?
25:24 – Rivka gave birth at full term to two children, one righteous and one wicked. Tamar gave birth after seven months to two righteous children. - Why was Esav named Esav?
25:25 – He was born fully developed. The name Esav is based on the Hebrew word for “made”. - Who gave Yaakov his name?
25:26 – G-d. - How did Esav deceive his father?
25:27 – Esav deceived Yitzchak by asking questions that suggested that he was very strict in mitzvah observance. - Why was Esav faint when he returned from the field?
25:29 – From having murdered. - Why are lentils a food for mourners?
25:30 – They are round like a wheel and mourning is like a revolving wheel that eventually touches everyone. - What was the birthright that Yaakov bought from Esav?
25:31 – The right to bring sacrifices. - Why was Yitzchak not permitted to go to Egypt?
26:2 – Through the akeida he had attained the status of a korban and was forbidden to leave Eretz Canaan. - Why did the Philistines plug up the wells?
26:15 – They felt that either marauders would attack to capture the wells, or, if attacking for other reasons, they would use the wells as a water supply. - Why did Yitzchak lose his sight? (three reasons)
27:1 – a) From the smoke of the incense offered by Esavs wives to their idols; b) From the angels tears which fell into Yitzchaks eyes at the time of the akeida; c) In order for Yaakov to receive the blessings. - At what age should one anticipate his own death?
27:2 – When he reaches five years from the age his parents were when they passed away, until five years after. - Why did Rivka ask Yaakov to bring two kid goats?
27:9 – One for Yitzchak and the other to offer as a korban Pesach. - Why did Esav leave his special garments with Rivka?
27:15 – He suspected that his wives might steal them. - What fragrance did Yitzchak detect on Yaakovs garments?
27:27 – The scent of Gan Eden. - What was the “fat of the land” promised to Esav?
27:36 – Italy. - When will Esav be freed from subjugation to Yaakov?
27:40 – When the Jewish People transgress the Torah. - What inspired Esav to marry the daughter of Yishmael?
28:7 – Seeing that his father despised his current wives, he resolved to take a wife from his father's family. - Knowing that Machalat was Yishmael's daughter, it's self-evident that she was the sister of Nevayot. Why, then, does the Torah state that Esav married “Yishmael's daughter, the sister of Nevayot”?
28:9 – To indicate that Yishmael died between her betrothal and her wedding, and that it was Nevayot who gave his sister in marriage to Esav. Knowing the date of Yishmael's death, we can determine the date of Esav's marriage and thus Yaakov's age, 63, at the time of his flight from Esav.
קילוף פרי או ביצה בשבת – מקלף בשבת
בהלכות הקודמות דיברנו בענין מלאכת “בורר” האסורה בשבת. והזכרנו, שאין היתר לברור בשבת, אלא בשלשה תנאים: שיברור בידו ולא על ידי כלי (כגון מסננת), ושיברור את האוכל מן הפסולת ולא להיפך. ושיברור על מנת לאכול לאלתר (כלומר, מיד, ולא לאחר זמן).
ובהלכה הקודמת הזכרנו, מה שכתבו כמה מרבותינו הראשונים, שמותר להפריד ביום טוב, את החֵלֶב מן הבשר הדבוק אליו. (חלב הוא חתיכת שומן הדבוקה לבשר, ואסור לאכלו מן התורה, ולכן מפרידים אותו מן הבשר). והסברנו, שטעם ההיתר, משום שדומה הדבר לקילוף פרי מקליפתו, שאין זה בכלל מלאכת בורר בשבת.
וכן פסק הרמ”א בשלחן ערוך (סוף שימן שכא), שמותר לקלף בשבת שום או בצל, אף על פי שעל ידי הקילוף הוא מפריד את הפסולת מן האוכל, מכל מקום אין איסור בדבר, הואיל ואין זו “דרך ברירה”, אלא “דרך אכילה”. אולם אין להקל אפילו לקלף שום או בצל, אלא כשעושה כן על מנת לאכול “לאלתר”, כלומר, מיד אחרי שמקלף את השום, אוכל ממנו, וכגון אשה המקלפת שום, וחותכת ומערבת אותו בסלט, ומיד יושבים לסעודה לאוכלו, שמותר לעשות כן. אבל לקלף שום על מנת להשתמש בו לאחר יותר מחצי שעה, אין להקל.
ומכלל הדבר אנו למדים לענין קילוף ביצים בשבת, שאף שאין איסור בדבר, שהרי זה כקולף פרי מקליפתו, מכל מקום אסור לעשות כן אלא אם מתכוונים לאכול את הביצים מיד, אבל אם מקלפם על מנת שיאכלו מהם לאחר חצי שעה או יותר, אין לעשות כן בשבת.
אולם כל זה נכון דוקא לגבי שום או בצל או ביצה, שהקליפה אינה מחוברת ממש לפרי, אלא עוטפת אותו. אבל תפוחים, שקליפתם דבוקה אליהם בחוזקה, כתב מרן רבינו עובדיה יוסף זצ”ל, שלא שייך לקרוא לקילוף כזה “בורר”, ולכן מותר לקלף תפוחים אפילו על מנת לאכלם לאחר שעה, הואיל ולא שייכים בזה כללי מלאכת בורר. (ובפרט שקליפת התפוח ראויה גם היא לאכילה, ואינה נחשבת פסולת ממש, ולכן אין בדבר איסור מן התורה אף לשיטת המחמירים, לכן יש להקל בזה).
ולסיכום: פרי, כגון שום ובצל, או ביצה, שהקליפה עוטפת אותו מסביב, מותר לקלפו בשבת, בתנאי, שתהיה הכוונה לאכלו באופן מיידי, אבל אסור לקלפו על מנת שיאכלו ממנו לאחר חצי שעה. (אלא אם עומדים סמוך לסעודה, שאז יש לקלפו בסמוך לסעודה, אפילו אם יאכלוהו לאחר יותר מחצי שעה).
ופרי שהקליפה דבוקה אליו בחוזקה, והיא ראויה למאכל, כמו תפוח, מותר לקולפו בשבת, אפילו על מנת לאכלו לאחר זמן מרובה, שהואיל והקליפה דבוקה בחוזקה, הרי זה כחותך פרי לשניים, ולא שייך לקרותו “בורר”. והורה מרן רבינו עובדיה יוסף זצ”ל, שמותר לקלף תפוח אפילו באמצעות “מקלף”, וכן כל פרי או ירק שהקליפה שלו ראוייה למאכל, כגון מלפפון וכדומה, מותר לקולפו בשבת באמצעות מקלף.
Peeling a Fruit or an Egg on Shabbat
In the previous Halachot, we have discussed some issues related to the forbidden work of selecting on Shabbat. We have also mentioned that it is only permissible to select on Shabbat when three conditions are met: One must select by hand and not with the use of a utensil (such as a strainer), one must select the food from the waste and not the opposite, and one must do so in order to eat the food immediately (and not to leave it for a later time).
In the previous Halacha we have mentioned the opinion of several Rishonim that one may remove the forbidden fat (whose consumption is subject to a Torah prohibition and must thus be removed) from the meat which it is attached to on Yom Tov. We have explained that the reason for this is because this is similar to peeling the peel off of a fruit which is not included in the forbidden work of selecting on Shabbat.
Similarly, the Rama in his notation on the Shulchan Aruch (Chapter 321) rules that one may peel an onion or garlic on Shabbat, for although by doing so one is separating waste from food, nevertheless, this is not prohibited since this is not being done in a “selecting manner,” rather this is being done in an “eating manner.” However, even regarding peeling onion or garlic, this may only be done when it will be eaten immediately. For instance, if a woman peels garlic and cuts it and mixes it into a salad, and everyone immediately sits down to eat it during the meal, this is indeed permissible. However, to peel garlic in order to use it after a half-hour’s time is forbidden.
Based on this we can infer that although peeling eggs on Shabbat is not prohibited as this is similar to peeling a fruit; nevertheless, it will be prohibited unless one has in mind to eat it immediately. However, if one intends to eat it after a half-hour’s time or later, one may not peel them on Shabbat.
Nevertheless, this applies only to onions, garlic, or eggs whose peel is not actually attached to the edible item and it only serves to “wrap” it; however, regarding apples whose peel is actually stuck to them tightly, Maran zt”l writes that such peeling cannot be considered selecting and it is thus permissible to peel apples even if one only intends to eat them in an hour or so, since the rules of the forbidden work of selecting do not apply here. (This is especially true since the peel of the apple is edible in and of itself and cannot be considered actual “waste”; thus, even according to the more stringent opinions, there is no Torah prohibition applicable here and one may be lenient regarding this matter.)
Summary: A food, such as an onion, garlic, or egg, which is surrounded all around by a peel, may be peeled on Shabbat as long as this is being done in order to eat the food immediately. However, it is forbidden to do so if one intends to partake of this food only in a half-hour’s time (unless this is being done close to the beginning of a meal, in which case it should be peeled close to the start of the meal, even if the food will only be eaten after a half-hour).
A fruit whose peel is stuck to it tightly and is edible on its own, such as an apple, may be peeled on Shabbat even if one intends to eat it a long time later, for since the peel is stuck to the fruit tightly, it is considered like one is slicing the fruit in two and cannot be considered “selecting.” Maran Harav zt”l rules that one may even peel an apple using a special peeler which is designated for this purpose.