ק׳ ק׳ שׁערי תפילה
תפלה לחורף תשפ״ג
Winter Timetable 5783 – 2022/23
מוצאי שבת | ערבית | שקיעה | מנחה שבת | סוף זמן קריאת שמע | הדלקת נרות | מנחה וקבלת שבת | תאריך | שבת פרשת |
Shabbat Ends | Arbit | Sunset | Minha | Shema before | Candle Lighting | Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat | Date | Parasha |
PM | PM | PM | PM | AM | PM | PM |
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5:01 | 4:57 | 4:05 | 3:30 | 9:48 | 3:52 | 3:52 | 18/19 Nov | חיי שרה (ש''מ) |
- Name the four couples buried in Kiryat Arba.
23:2 – Adam and Chava, Avraham and Sara, Yitzchak and Rivka, Yaakov and Leah. - What did Sarah hear that caused her death?
23:2 – That Yitzchak was almost slaughtered. - What title of honor did the Bnei Chet bestow upon Avraham?
23:6 – Prince of G-d. - Where was Avraham born?
24:7 – Ur Kasdim. - How were Avraham's camels distinguished?
24:10 – They were muzzled, so they wouldn't graze in the fields of others. - What is meant by “all the good of his master in his hand”?
24:10 – Eliezer carried a document in which Avraham gave all he owned to Yitzchak so that people would want their daughter to marry him. - What special character trait did Eliezer seek when choosing a wife for Yitzchak?
24:14 – He sought someone who excelled in performing acts of kindness. - Why did Avraham's servant, Eliezer, run toward Rivka?
24:17 – He saw that the waters of the well rose when she approached. - Why did Lavan run to greet Eliezer?
24:29 – Lavan coveted his money. - When Lavan told Eliezer that the house was cleared out, what did he remove?
24:31 – Idols. - Who did Eliezer want Yitzchak to marry?
24:39 – His own daughter. - Aside from Eliezer, to which other people did Rivka offer to give water?
24:44 – To the men who accompanied Eliezer. - Lavan answered Eliezer before his father, Betuel, had a chance. What does this indicate about Lavan's character?
24:50 – That he was wicked. - What did Rivka mean when she said “I will go?”
24:58 – I will go even if you don't want me to go. - What blessing did Rivka's family give her before she departed?
24:60 – That the blessings given to Avraham would continue through her children. - Who was Ketura?
25:1 – Hagar. - What gift did Avraham give to Yitzchak?
25:5 – The power of blessing. - How old was Avraham when he died?
25:7 – 175 years old. - For how many years did Yaakov attend the Yeshiva of Ever?
25:17 – 14 years. - How many times is Eliezer's name mentioned in this week's Parsha?
None.
יסודות הלכות ברירה בשבת
וכבר הזכרנו כמה פעמים, כי ה”מלאכה” שנאסרה על פי צווי ה' יתברך ביום השבת, היא כל מלאכה שהיו עושים במשכן בזמן שהיו ישראל במדבר. ובמשנה במסכת שבת (דף עג.) נישנו כל המלאכות האסורות בשבת, והם ארבעים חסר אחת, כלומר שלשים ותשע מלאכות, הנקראות גם “ט”ל מלאכות”.
עיקר מלאכת ברירה בשבת, היא בנפה או כברה, וכגון אדם הלוקח קמח שמעורבים בתוכו דברים אחרים, והוא מנפה את הקמח בנפה (מסננת), והקמח יורד דרך נקבי הנפה, והפסולת נשארת בתוכה, הרי זו מלאכת בורר האסורה בשבת, והעושה כן בשבת חייב משום חילול שבת. וכל ברירה האסורה בשבת, היא בין שני מינים, שיש בהם דבר הנקרא “אוכל” ודבר הנקרא “פסולת”.
וכגון, אם יש לאדם צלחת, ובה שני מיני קטניות או זרעונים, כגון גרעינים שחורים וגרעינים לבנים, ושניהם ראויים וטובים לאכילה, אולם עתה הוא אינו חפץ אלא בגרעינים הלבנים, ולכן הוא בורר ומוציא את כל הגרעינים השחורים מן הצלחת, ומשליכם לכלי אחר, הרי זה בורר. הואיל והגרעינים השחורים הם כפסולת עבורו, שהוא אינו חפץ בהם כעת, והלבנים נחשבים אוכל, הואיל והוא חפץ רק בהם.
ולסיכום: אסור לברור בשבת. ולכן מי שיש לפניו צלחת ובה שני מיני אוכלים מעורבים יחד, כגון גרעינים שחורים ולבנים, או תותים ודובדבנים וכדומה, והוא אינו חפץ אלא באחד מהם, אסור לו להוציא את המין שהוא אינו חפץ בו, ולהשאיר בצלחת את המין שהוא חפץ בו. אבל מובן שיש אופנים בהם מותר לברור בשבת, וכפי שנבאר בהלכות הבאות.
Some Fundamental Laws of Selecting on Shabbat
The Thirty-Nine Forbidden Works
The Torah states (Shemot, 20): “Remember the day of Shabbat to sanctify it. For six days shall you work and perform all your work and the Seventh day shall be Shabbat for Hashem, your G-d, you shall not perform any work etc. For six days did Hashem create Heaven and Earth, and he rested on the Seventh day. Therefore, Hashem blessed the Shabbat and sanctified it.” The Torah warns us about Shabbat observance twelve times, for this serves as the basis for our belief in the creation of the world. Our Sages said: “Whoever keeps the Shabbat, it is as if he has fulfilled the entire Torah. Whoever desecrates the Shabbat, it is as if he has denied in the entire Torah.” The reason for this is, as we have already established, that this serves as the basis of our belief.
The “work” prohibited by the command of Hashem on the day of Shabbat is any work that was performed in the Mishkan (Tabernacle) during the time the Jewish people were encamped in the desert. The Mishnah (Shabbat 73a) delineates all the forbidden types of work and these amount to thirty-nine forbidden types of work.
The Forbidden Work of “Selecting”
One of the well-known types of forbidden works on Shabbat is “selecting.” It is imperative that every member of the Jewish nation be proficient regarding all of the practical laws of the forbidden work of selecting, for one can easily perform a work that is forbidden on Shabbat, as we encounter this forbidden work quite frequently.
The main form of forbidden selecting on Shabbat is when this is done through a sieve or a strainer, for instance, if one takes flour which has other things mixed into it and sifts the flour in a sieve until the flour pours out of the holes of the sieve and the waste stays in it; this is the forbidden work of selecting on Shabbat and one who does so is liable for Shabbat desecration. Any selecting that is forbidden on Shabbat entails two items: One type entitled “food” and one type entitled “waste.”
What Constitutes “Waste” Regarding Forbidden Selecting
When we say that selecting food from waste or waste from food is forbidden on Shabbat, this does not necessarily entail actual “food” and “waste”; rather, any food which one desires at the present time is considered “food” as opposed to other food that one does not desire which is considered “waste”.
For instance, if one has a plate before him containing two different types of legumes or seeds, such as sunflower seeds and watermelon seeds, and both are good and edible, however, at the present time, one only wishes to eat the watermelon seeds and one selects all of the sunflower seeds and places them in another plate, this constitutes the prohibition of selecting, since the sunflower seeds are considered “waste” for this individual as he does not want them at the present time and the watermelon seeds are considered “food” since he desires only them at the present time.
Summary: Selecting is forbidden on Shabbat. Thus, if one has a plate with two types of food, such as sunflower seeds and watermelon seeds or strawberries and cherries, before him and one only wishes to partake of only one of them, one may not remove the food that one does not want from the plate and leave only the food that one does want. Clearly though, there are permissible ways to select on Shabbat, as we shall, G-d-willing, explain in the following Halachot.