לוח זמני תפלה לחורף
תשפ״ב
Winter Timetable 5782 – 2021/22
מוצאי שבת | ערבית | שקיעה | מנחה שבת | סוף זמן קריאת שמע | הדלקת נרות | מנחה וקבלת שבת | תאריך | שבת פרשת |
Shabbat Ends | Arbit | Sunset | Minha | Shema before | Candle Lighting | Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat | Date | Parasha |
PM | PM | PM | PM | AM | PM | PM |
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7:15 | 7:15 | 6:25 | 5:50 | 10:10 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 8/9 Oct | נח |
- Question: Which particular sin sealed the fate of the flood generation?
Answer: 6:13 – Robbery. - Question: Why did Hashem tell Noach to build an ark, as opposed to saving him via some other method?
Answer: 6:14 – So that people would see Noach building the ark and ask him what he was doing. When Noach would answer, “Hashem is bringing a flood,” it might encourage some people to repent. - Question: The ark had three levels. What function did each level serve?
Answer: 6:16 – The top level housed the people, the middle level housed the animals, and the bottom level, the refuse. - Question: What indication do we have that Noach was familiar with the Torah?
Answer: 7:2 – Hashem told him to take into the ark seven of each kosher-type animal, and two of each non-kosher type. “Kosher” and “non-kosher” are Torah concepts. - Question: Why did Hashem postpone bringing the flood for seven days?
Answer: 7:4 – To allow seven days to mourn the death of Metushelach. - Question: Why did the first water of the flood come down as light rain?
Answer: 7:12 – To give the generation a chance to repent. - Question: What did people say that threatened Noach, and what did Hashem do to protect him?
Answer: 7:13,15 – People said, “If we see him going into the ark, we'll smash it!” Hashem surrounded it with bears and lions to kill any attackers. - Question: What grouping of creatures escaped the punishment of the flood?
Answer: 7:22 – The fish. - Question: How deeply was the ark submerged in the water?
Answer: 8:4 – Eleven amot. - Question: What did the olive branch symbolize?
Answer: 8:11 – Nothing. It was a leaf, not a branch. (The olive leaf symbolized that its better to eat food “bitter like an olive” but which comes directly from Hashem, rather than sweet food provided by humans.) - Question: How long did the punishment of the flood last?
Answer: 8:14 – A full solar year. - Question: A solar year is how many days longer than a lunar year?
Answer: 8:14 – Eleven days. - Question: When did humans receive permission to eat meat?
Answer: 9:3 – After the flood. - Question: What prohibition was given along with the permission to eat meat?
Answer: 9:4 – The prohibition of eating a limb cut from a living animal. - Question: Why does the command to “be fruitful and multiply” directly follow the prohibition of murder?
Answer: 9:7 – To equate one who purposely abstains from having children to one who commits murder. - Question: Name two generations in which the rainbow never appeared.
Answer: 9:12 – The generation of King Chizkiyahu and the generation of Shimon bar Yochai. - Question: Why did Noach curse Canaan specifically? Give two reasons.
Answer: 9:22,24 – Because Canaan is the one who revealed Noach’s disgrace to Cham. And because Cham stopped Noach from fathering a fourth son. Thus, Noach cursed Cham's fourth son, Canaan. - Question: Why does the Torah call Nimrod a mighty hunter?
Answer: 10:9 – He used words to ensnare the minds of people, persuading them to rebel against Hashem. - Question: The sin of the generation of the dispersion was greater than the sin of the generation of the flood. Why was the punishment of the former less severe?
Answer: 11:9 – They lived together peacefully. - Question: Why was Sarah also called Yiscah?
Answer: 11:29 – The word “Yiscah” is related to the Hebrew word “to see.” Sarah was called Yiscah because she could “see” the future via prophecy. Also, because of her beauty, everyone would gaze at her.
All references are to the verses and Rashi's commentary, unless otherwise stated.
חינוך הילדים והבאתם לבית הכנסת
שאלה: האם יש חיוב על פי ההלכה, לילדים קטנים, להתפלל
בכל יום שלש תפלות, שחרית מנחה וערבית? והאם נכון להביא את הילדים לבית הכנסת
לתפלות הימים הנוראים?
תשובה: במשנה במסכת ברכות (דף כ ע”ב) שנינו: נשים
וקטנים חייבין בתפלה.
ומבואר אם כן, שגם הקטנים, שהם זקוקים לרחמי ה' יתברך, חייבים במצות תפלה.
וכשם שחובה על הגדולים לחנך את הקטנים בכל המצוות כולן, כמו כן חובה לחנכם למצות
תפלה, שהרי בכל המצות כולן, בין מצות שהן מן התורה, ובין מצות שהן מדברי רבותינו,
חובה לחנך ולהרגיל בהן את הקטנים, מצד מצות חינוך, וכן הדין לענין מצות התפלה.
ומכיון שאין חילוק במצות חינוך, בין מצוות שהן מן התורה, למצות שהן מדברי
רבותינו, לפיכך נראה, שאף על פי שמן התורה די בתפלה אחת בכל יום, וכן הנשים אינן
מחוייבות אלא בתפלה אחת בכל יום, מכל מקום ילדים קטנים (בנים), יש לחנכם להתפלל
שלש תפלות בכל יום. שחרית, מנחה וערבית.
וכן היה נוהג מרן רבינו עובדיה יוסף זצ”ל, שהיה נזהר לחנך את בניו מאז
שהיו יודעים היטב לקרוא, שיתפללו בכל יום כל שלשת התפלות. (ילקוט יוסף תפלה
ח”א עמוד תקח).
ואת הבנות יש לחנך שתתפלנה בכל יום לכל הפחות תפלה אחת, ונכון שתהיה זו תפלת
שחרית, עם ברכות השחר וקריאת שמע ותפלת שמונה עשרה. וכפי שביארנו כבר.
ואמנם יש להעיר, שאם רואה האב שהדבר מכביד מאד על בנו, צריך להזהר מאד שלא
להמאיס בעיניו את ענין התפלה, ולפעמים יש להתייעץ עם מחנכים מנוסים, עד כמה יש לדרוש
מהילדים להתפלל, בתחילה תפלה אחת, ואחר כך שניים, כלומר, שחרית ומנחה, ורק אחר
יתחיל לחנכו גם במצות תפלת ערבית.
ובענין הגיל, שיש לחנך בו את הקטנים להתפלל. כתב הפרי מגדים שהוא מגיל שש או
שבע. והכוונה בזה, בכל ילד לפי חריפות שכלו, ולפי כשרונותיו ובגרותו, שלא כל ילד
ניתן לחנכו לשלש תפלות מיד בתחילת לימוד הקריאה, אלא כל ילד יש לו את הטבע שלו, את
מדותיו ואת רמת הבנתו, עד שניתן לדרוש ממנו להתפלל כל יום שלש תפלות, ולהשתדל
שיהיה הדבר בנעימות ושמחה.
תפלות הימים הנוראים, הן ארוכות יותר, ולכן, את הילדים הגדולים, ודאי שיש
להביא לתפילות אלה, לחנכם במצות התפלה, אבל הקטנים ביותר, אין להביאם לבית הכנסת,
ואותם שהם בני חמש או שש שנים ובכל זאת באים לבית הכנסת, יש לדאוג שיבואו להחזירם
לביתם אחר זמן מה, כי על פי רוב הם אינם מסוגלים לשבת שעות רבות בשקט במקומם,
ובודאי שהייתם בבית הכנסת תגרום להפרעה לשאר המתפללים.
Educating Children Regarding
the Mitzvah of Prayer
Question: Is there a halachic requirement for
children to pray three times a day, namely, Shacharit, Mincha, and Arvit?
Similarly, is it correct to bring children to the synagogue during the High
Holidays?
Answer: The Mishnah (Berachot 20b) tells us: “Women,
slaves, and children are obligated to pray.” Based on this, children, who are
also dependent on the mercy of Hashem, are also obligated to pray. Just as it
is a Mitzvah upon adults to educate and train their children regarding all
other Mitzvot, it is also incumbent on adults to educate them regarding this
Mitzvah, for regarding all Mitzvot, whether Biblical or rabbinic in nature, one
is required to train one’s children to perform them so that they may become
acquainted with them; the Mitzvah of prayer is no different.
Since, regarding the Mitzvah of educating one’s
children to perform the Mitzvot, there is no distinction between Torah and
rabbinic commandments, it would thus seem that although the Torah obligation is
to pray only one prayer daily and indeed women are only required to pray once
daily, nevertheless, young boys should be trained to pray three times daily:
Shacharit, Mincha, and Arvit.
This was indeed the custom of Maran Rabbeinu Ovadia
Yosef zt”l who would educate his sons to pray all three daily
prayers as soon as they learned to read (Yalkut Yosef, Tefillah, Volume 1, page
508).
Girls should be trained to pray at least once a
day, preferably the Shacharit prayer which includes in it the Birkot
Ha’Shachar (morning blessings), Keri’at Shema, and the
Amida prayer. (When reciting the Pesukei De’Zimra and the
blessing before and after Keri’at Shema, girls and women should
omit the name of Hashem from the blessings in these places, as we have
discussed in the past.)
Nevertheless, we must point out that if the father
notices that this is overburdening the child, one must be exceedingly careful
not to make the child revolted by prayer. A parent must always consult with
wise and experienced educators as to how much a child should be expected to
pray; one should start by training the child with one prayer in the beginning,
then two (meaning Shacharit and Mincha), and only then should he start training
him to pray Arvit.
Regarding the age that one should start training
his children to pray, the Peri Megadim writes that the proper age is from the
age of six or seven. What this means is that every child must be individually
evaluated based on his intelligence, talents, and maturity, for not every child
can handle praying three prayers a day immediately upon being taught to read.
Every child must be judged by his own capabilities, characteristics, and level
of understanding, until he reaches a point when he can be expected to pray
three times a day through happiness and serenity.
Since the High Holiday prayers are longer than
usual, although older children should certainly be brought to the synagogue to
pray in order to educate them in the Mitzvah of prayer, younger children should
nevertheless not be brought to the synagogue. If one brings his children of
five or six years old who are brought to the synagogue in any event, one should
make certain to take them home after a while, for in most cases, such young
children are unable to sit quietly for hours on end and their presence in the
synagogue will certainly disturb the prayer of other congregants.
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bereishis-to-vayero-sedra-riddles-combined.pdf