לוח זמני תפלה לחורף תשפ״א
Winter Timetable 5781 – 2020/21
מוצאי שבת | ערבית | שקיעה | מנחה שבת | סוף זמן קריאת שמע | הדלקת נרות | מנחה וקבלת שבת | תאריך | שבת פרשת |
Shabbat Ends | Arbit | Sunset | Minha | Shema before | Candle Lighting | Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat | Date | Parasha |
PM | PM | PM | PM | AM | PM | PM |
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4:59 | 4:55 | 4:02 | 3:25 | 9:50 | 3:49 | 3:49 | 20/21 Nov | תולדות |
Q & A on Parashat Toledot
All references are to the verses and Rashis commentary unless otherwise stated.
- Why was it important that Yitzchak look like Avraham?
25:19 – So everyone would agree that Avraham was indeed his father. - Why does the Torah stress that Rivka was Betuel's daughter and Lavan's sister?
25:20 – To praise her, that even though her family was evil she was righteous. - What are the two differences between Tamar's pregnancy and Rivka's pregnancy?
25:24 – Rivka gave birth at full term to two children, one righteous and one wicked. Tamar gave birth after seven months to two righteous children. - Why was Esav named Esav?
25:25 – He was born fully developed. The name Esav is based on the Hebrew word for “made”. - Who gave Yaakov his name?
25:26 G-d. - How did Esav deceive his father?
25:27 – Esav deceived Yitzchak by asking questions that suggested that he was very strict in mitzvah observance. - Why was Esav faint when he returned from the field?
25:29 – From having murdered. - Why are lentils a food for mourners?
25:30 – They are round like a wheel and mourning is like a revolving wheel that eventually touches everyone. - What was the birthright that Yaakov bought from Esav?
25:31 – The right to bring sacrifices. - Why was Yitzchak not permitted to go to Egypt?
26:2 – Through the akeida he had attained the status of a korban and was forbidden to leave Eretz Canaan. - Why did the Philistines plug up the wells?
26:15 – They felt that either marauders would attack to capture the wells, or, if attacking for other reasons, they would use the wells as a water supply. - Why did Yitzchak lose his sight? (three reasons)
27:1 – a) From the smoke of the incense offered by Esavs wives to their idols; b) From the angels tears which fell into Yitzchaks eyes at the time of the akeida; c) In order for Yaakov to receive the blessings. - At what age should one anticipate his own death?
27:2 – When he reaches five years from the age his parents were when they passed away, until five years after. - Why did Rivka ask Yaakov to bring two kid goats?
27:9 – One for Yitzchak and the other to offer as a korban Pesach. - Why did Esav leave his special garments with Rivka?
27:15 – He suspected that his wives might steal them. - What fragrance did Yitzchak detect on Yaakovs garments?
27:27 – The scent of Gan Eden. - What was the “fat of the land” promised to Esav?
27:36 – Italy. - When will Esav be freed from subjugation to Yaakov?
27:40 – When the Jewish People transgress the Torah. - What inspired Esav to marry the daughter of Yishmael?
28:7 – Seeing that his father despised his current wives, he resolved to take a wife from his father's family. - Knowing that Machalat was Yishmael's daughter, it's self-evident that she was the sister of Nevayot. Why, then, does the Torah state that Esav married “Yishmael's daughter, the sister of Nevayot?”
28:9 – To indicate that Yishmael died between her betrothal and her wedding and that it was Nevayot who gave his sister in marriage to Esav. Knowing the date of Yishmael's death, we can determine the date of Esav's marriage and thus Yaakov's age, 63, at the time of his flight from Esav.
טלטול אוכלין
שאלה: האם מותר לטלטל בשבת מאכלים שאינם מיועדים לשימוש בשבת, כגון בשר המוכן עבור יום ראשון, וכן אבקת אפיה וסוכר וניל שאי אפשר להשתמש בהם בשבת?
בהלכות הקודמות ביארנו באופן כללי את עיקר דין מוקצה בשבת, שיש דברים שאסרו רבותינו לטלטלם (להזיזם) בשבת. וכתבנו, כי כלים שמלאכתם להיתר, מותר לטלטלם לצורך כל שהוא. וכלים שמלאכתם לאיסור, מותר לטלטלם לצורך גופם או מקומם. וכפי שהסברנו.
ואבנים ועפר וכיוצא בזה, הרי הם בכלל “מוקצה מחמת גופו“, שאסור לטלטלם אפילו לצורך גופם או מקומם.
ועתה נבאר מה הדין לגבי טלטול מאכלים בשבת, האם שייך בהם איסור מוקצה או לא?
ובודאי כאשר נבא לדון בענין זה, נראה שאי אפשר להחשיב מאכלים למוקצה מחמת כלי שמלאכתו לאיסור או להיתר, שהרי המאכלים אינם כלים. אבל יש לדון אם שייך במאכלים דין “מוקצה מחמת גופו”.
ובאמת שהדבר תלוי, שאם אותו מאכל ראוי לאכילה בעצם יום השבת, כגון עוגות ועוגיות וכדומה, מותר לטלטלו בשבת. וכלשון מרן השלחן ערוך (סימן שי סב), “אין שום דבר תלוש הראוי לאכילה מוקצה לשבת”.
אבל אם אותו מאכל אינו ראוי לאכילה בשבת, כגון עיסה של בצק, שאינה עומדת לאכילה עד שיאפו אותה, וכן מאכלים מקולקלים, שאי אפשר לאכול מהם כעת, אסור לטלטלם בשבת, כדין עפר ואבנים, שאסורים בטלטול בשבת. וכמו שפסק מרן השלחן ערוך, לגבי ענבים שהניחו אותם לייבוש לעשות מהם צימוקים, וכעת הם מסריחים הואיל ועדיין לא נשלמה הכנתם, ואסור לטלטלם בשבת.
ומכאן אנו למדים גם כן לענין אבקת אפיה, שמכיון שאי אפשר לאכול ממנה בשבת, שאינה מוכשרת למאכל אלא לאחר האפיה, הרי היא מוקצת מחמת גופה, ואסור לטלטלה בשבת. אולם אבקת סוכר וניל, מכיון שבאמת היא ראויה למאכל אף ללא אפיה (כגון בסלט פירות), מותר לטלטלה בשבת. וכן בשר, אף שהוא מיועד ליום חול, ואין כוונה לאכול ממנו בשבת, מותר לטלטלו, כיון שלא שייך איסור מוקצה במאכלים שאפשר לאכול מהם בשבת.
ולפי מה שביארנו שמוקצה מחמת גופו אסור לטלטלו אפילו לצורך גופו או מקומו, אין לטלטל אבקת אפיה בשבת אפילו לצורך. וכן בשר שאינו ראוי לאכילה כלל בשבת, אסור לטלטלו בשבת אפילו לצורך, כיון שהוא מוקצה מחמת גופו.
לפיכך, אדם שצריך להוציא מהמקפיא שבביתו חלה קפואה, והחלה מוסתרת על ידי אריזת קמח או אבקת אפיה, אסור לו לטלטל את הקמח כדי להוציא את החלה, שהרי הקמח הוא מוקצה מחמת גופו ואסור לטלטלו בשום אופן. (אלא באופן מיוחד כמו שנבאר בהמשך בעזרת ה').
Moving Food Items on Shabbat
Question: May one move food items on Shabbat if they are not intended for Shabbat use, such as meat designated for Sunday or baking powder and vanilla sugar which have no use on Shabbat?
Answer: In the previous Halachot we have explained the primary laws of Muktzeh on Shabbat which is that our Sages forbade moving certain objects on Shabbat. We have written that objects which are used for work permitted on Shabbat may be moved for any purpose. Tools that are used for work prohibited on Shabbat may be moved for their own use or use of their place, as we have explained above.
Rocks, dirt, and the like are categorized as “innate Muktzeh” which are prohibited to be moved even for their own use or use of their place.
We must now explain the laws of moving various food items on Shabbat. Do the laws of Muktzeh apply here or not?
At first glance, food items can certainly not be considered objects used for permissible or forbidden work or on Shabbat, for food is not a utensil or a tool. However, we must discern whether or not food can be considered “innate Muktzeh”.
Indeed, this depends on whether or not the given food is able to be eaten on this specific Shabbat, such as cakes, cookies, and the like, for if this is the case, it may be moved on Shabbat. Similarly, Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch rules (Chapter 310, Section 2): “There is no edible item that is detached from the ground that can be considered Muktzeh on Shabbat.”
However, if any specific food item is not edible on Shabbat, such as dough that is inedible until it is baked or rotten foods that are currently inedible, one may not move it on Shabbat, similar to the law of dirt and stones which may not be moved on Shabbat. Similarly, Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch rules that grapes which were left out to dry in order to make raisins out of them and are now rotten, since the preparation process is not yet complete, one may not move them on Shabbat.
Based on this, baking powder which is inedible until after the baking process retains the law of “innate Muktzeh” and may not be moved. However, regarding vanilla sugar which is edible even without being baked (such as in a fruit salad), it may be moved on Shabbat. Similarly, meat which one intends to serve on a weekday and not partake of on Shabbat may still be moved on Shabbat since the prohibition of Muktzeh does not apply to things which can be eaten on Shabbat.
Based on what we have explained above that “innate Muktzeh” may not be moved even for its own use or use of its place, one may not move baking powder on Shabbat even if there is a purpose in doing so. Similarly, meat which is completely inedible on Shabbat may not be moved even for a purpose since it is “innate Muktzeh.”
Thus, if one needs to take a frozen Challah out of the freezer on Shabbat but the Challah is stuck behind a bag of flour or baking powder, one may not move the flour or baking powder in order to take out the Challah, for flour and baking powder are considered “innate Muktzeh” and there is no permissible way to move them (besides for a special exception that we shall, G-d willing, discuss further).
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OH-Issue-2_1.pdf
