Shavuot

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The accepted minhag in K.K. Shaare Tefila (Moor Lane), for many years now, has been to accept the second day of Yom Tov at the earlier time of Pelag Hamincha, earlier than the time of nightfall.

On most of the Yamim Tovim accepting the second day of Yom Tov earlier to the time of nightfall does not have such a big-time difference. However on Shavuot, which always falls in the summer months and where the daylight is longer, the time for nightfall is very late and many families would prefer to have their evening meal earlier in the evening. It is therefore important for us to understand and be aware of certain halachot so as to avoid possible desecration of the Yom Tov.

When we pray Arvit, recite Kiddush and enjoy our Yom Tov meal after Pelag Hamincha we are, so to speak, establishing that it is now the second day of Yom Tov, however this is all very well for Arvit, Kiddush and the Seudat Yom Tov, but with regards to cooking or heating it is still considered the first day and continues being the first day until we reach the time of Shekia – sunset.

Therefore when cooking or heating anything for the meal one must make sure to start eating it before sunset and is considered cooking or preparing on the first day for the same day because as soon as sunset arrives it is no longer considered the first day and one cannot cook or heat food from before sunset for use after sunset.

As with every Yom Tov, and Shavuot is no exception, it is better to avoid any type of Melacha between sunset and nightfall for use at nightfall, the reason being that during the course of sunset we don’t know when exactly the day changes from one day to the next and one could find themselves cooking on the first day for the second day which is forbidden.

Yom Tov Candles can be lit from Pelag Hamincha using an existing light and it is advisable to light candles before Kiddush is recited.

Summary:

While it is allowed from Pelag Hamincha 7:31 pm to light יום טוב candles, recite קידוש & eat the יום טוב meal, one should be careful NOT to do any מלאכה – ‘creative activity’, like on Shabbat, e.g. cooking, lighting candles between sunset – 9:10 pm & nightfall – 10:18 pm.

Typed & complied by N. Bitton for final Pessak Halacha ask your Rabbi.

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Shacharit 

First Minyan

Korbanot 4:00 am

Hodu 4:15 am

Hanetz 5:02 am

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Children’s Tehilim straight after Musaf

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Anyone wishing to donate a Kiddush Please email Moorlanenews

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Q & A on Parashat Bamidbar 

All references are to the verses and Rashi's commentary, unless otherwise stated

1. Why were the Jewish People counted so frequently?
   1:1 – They are very dear to G-d.
2. What documents did the people bring when they were counted?
   1:18 – They brought birth records proving their tribal lineage.
3. What determined the color of the tribal flags?
   2:2 – Each tribes flag was the color of that tribes stone in the breastplate of the kohen gadol.
4. What is the difference between an "ot" and a "degel"?
   2:2 – An "ot" is a flag, i.e., a colored cloth that hangs from a flagpole. A degel is a flagpole.
5. How do we see that the Jews in the time of Moshe observed "techum Shabbat" – the prohibition against traveling more than 2,000 amot on Shabbat?
   2:2 – G-d commanded them to camp no more than 2,000 amot from the Ohel Moed. Had they camped farther, it would have been forbidden for them to go to the Ohel Moed on Shabbat.
6. What was the signal for the camp to travel?
   2:9 – The cloud over the Ohel Moed departed and the kohanim sounded the trumpets.
7. What was the sum total of the counting of the 12 tribes?
   2:32 – 603,550.
8. Why are Aharon's sons called "sons of Aharon and Moshe"?
   3:1 – Since Moshe taught them Torah, its as if he gave birth to them.
9. Who was Nadav's oldest son?
   3:4 – Nadav had no children.
10. Which two people from the Book of Esther does Rashi mention in this week's Parsha?
    3:7 – Bigtan and Teresh.
11. Why did the levi'im receive ma'aser rishon?
    3:8 – Since the leviim served in the Mishkan in place of everyone else, they received tithes as "payment."
12. Which groups of people were counted from the age of one month?
    3:15, 40 – The leviim, and the firstborn of Bnei Yisrae l.
13. Name the first descendant of Levi in history to be counted as an infant.
    3:15 – Levis daughter Yocheved was born while the Jewish People were entering Egypt. She is counted as one of the 70 people who entered Egypt.
14. Who assisted Moshe in counting the levi'im?
    3:16 G-d.
15. Why did so many people from the tribe of Reuven support Korach in his campaign against Moshe?
    3:29 – The tribe of Reuven was encamped near Korach, and were therefore influenced for the worse. This teaches that one should avoid living near the wicked.
16. Why did so many people from the tribes of Yehuda, Yissachar and Zevulun become great Torah scholars?
    3:38 – The tribes of Yehuda, Yissachar and Zevulun were encamped near Moshe, and were therefore influenced for the good. This teaches that one should seek to live near the righteous
17. In verse 3:39 the Torah states that the total number of levi'im was 22,000. The actual number was 22,300. Why does the Torah seem to ignore 300 levi'im?
    3:39 – Each levi served to redeem a first-born of the Jewish People. Since 300 leviim were themselves firstborn, they themselves needed to be redeemed, and could therefore not redeem others.
18. The firstborn males of the Jewish People were redeemed for five shekalim. Why five shekalim?
    3:46 – To atone for the sale of Yosef, Rachels firstborn, who was sold by his brothers for five shekalim (20 pieces of silver.)
19. During what age-span is a man considered at his full strength?
    4:2 – Between the ages of 30 and 50.
20. As the camp was readying itself for travel, who was in charge of covering the vessels of the Mishkan in preparation for transport?
    4:5 – The kohanim.

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Halachot from Maran Rabbi Ovadia Yosef Ztz'l

 מנהגי חג השבועות

חלוקת שעות החג

בגמרא במסכת ביצה (דף טו:) אמר רבי יהושע, מצות יום טוב, חציו לה' וחציו לכם, כלומר שיש לחלק את הזמן ביום טוב, מחציתו לאכילה ושתיה וכדומה מעניני שמחת החג, ומחציתו ללימוד התורה ותפילה, וכן פסק הרמב"ם (בפ"ו מהלכות יום טוב(.

שטיחת ענפים בבית הכנסת ובבית
כתב הרמ"א (בהגה סימן תצד סעיף ג.) נוהגים לשטוח עשבים בשבועות, בבית הכנסת ובבתים זכר לשמחת מתן תורה. ורבים מרבותינו האחרונים הביאו סימוכין למנהג זה, שיש בו גם זכר למה שאמרו בגמרא (שבת פח:) כל דיבור שיצא מפי הקדוש ברוך הוא, נתמלא העולם כולו ריח בשמים, כמו שנאמר "שפתותיו שושנים נוטפות מור עובר". וכן נוהגים להעמיד ענפי אילנות בבית הכנסת ובבתים, לרמוז למה שאמרו רבותינו במסכת ראש השנה (טז.) בעצרת (היינו חג השבועות) נידונים על פירות האילן.

אולם, בספר חיי אדם, הביא שהגאון רבי אליהו מוילנא ביטל מנהג זה, משום שעכשיו נוהגים הגויים להעמיד ענפי אילנות בימי חגיהם, ואם כן יש בזה איסור משום ובחוקותיהם לא תלכו. אולם מרן הרב עובדיה יוסף שליט"א כתב, שהגאון מוילנא ביטל מנהג זה, משום שהוא נמשך בזה לשיטתו שיש איסור משום ובחוקותיהם לא תלכו, בכל מנהגי הגויים, אבל לשיטת המהר"י קולון ועוד פוסקים רבים, אין איסור זה נוהג אלא בחוק שנוהגים הגויים בדרך חוק, דהיינו דבר שהוא בלי טעם, (שאז יש לחוש בו משום דרכי האמורי ושיש בו שמץ עבודת כוכבים), או דבר שנהגו בו הגויים לשם פריצות וכדומה, אבל במנהג שיש בו טעם אחר, כגון לבוש שלובשים אותו רופאים גויים, כדי שיהיה ניכר שהם רופאים וכדומה, אין איסור לנהוג בו, ולכן יש להניח למנהג זה שיתקיים, שמנהג ישראל תורה, ובפרט שמנהג זה הוא קדום מאד ונזכר גם בדברי חז"ל. (וכבר הזכרנו חילוק נוסף בעניין חוקות הגויים בהלכה שעסקה בשאלת החיוב ללכת עם כיפה על הראש).

מאכלי חלב
כתב עוד הרמ"א, שנוהגים בכמה מקומות לאכול מאכלי חלב ביום חג השבועות, והוסיפו האחרונים שיש נוהגים לאכול גם דבש וחלב, לרמוז על מתן תורתינו שנמשלה לדבש וחלב, ויש נותנים טעם למנהג מאכלי חלב בחג השבועות, מפני שבעשרת הדברות נתגלו לאבותינו כל חלקי התורה ומצוותיה, וכמו שכתב רב סעדיה גאון שבעשרת הדברות כלולות כל מצוות התורה, וכשירדו ישראל מההר אל בתיהם אחר מתן תורה, לא מצאו מה לאכול תיכף, זולת מאכלי חלב, כי לבשר היו צריכים הכנה רבה, לשחוט בסכין בדרך בלי פגם כאשר ציוה ה', ולנקר החלב וגיד הנשה, ולמלוח הבשר ולהדיחו, ועוד ועוד עניינים רבים הקשורים לכשרות המאכלים. ולכן היו זקוקים למאכלי חלב, ואנו עושים זכר לזה. ונאמרו אודות מנהג זה עוד טעמים אחרים.

ומכיוון שעל פי ההלכה אסור לאכול מאכלי חלב אחרי מאכלי בשר עד שיעברו שש שעות (כפי שביארנו בהלכות בשר וחלב), לכן מנהגינו לאכול מאכלי חלב, ואחרי קינוח והדחה כמשפט (דהיינו אכילת מעט פת וכדומה, ושתיית משקה, כפי שביארנו גם כן בהלכות בשר בחלב,) אוכלים מאכלי בשר. ומצוה לאכול ביום טוב בשר בהמה, לקיים בזה מצות שמחת החג, וכמו שאמרו במסכת חגיגה (ח:), אין שמחה אלא בבשר בהמה, וכן ישתה יין לשמחת החג, אבל יזהרו להימנע משחוק וקלות ראש, לפי שאין השחוק והקלות ראש שמחה אלא הוללות, ולא נצטווינו אלא על שמחה שיש בה עבודת היוצר. אלא ישמחו ביום טוב בדברים המותרים כגון לשורר בפה שירות ותשבחות להשם יתברך, וכן יש להשתדל לעסוק בתורה ביום החג, וכתב מרן הרב שליט"א, שנכון ללמוד בספר המצוות של הרמב"ם, ונכון גם כן לקרות בספר תהילים, כי פטירת אדונינו דוד המלך הייתה ביום חג השבועות.

מי שאינו יכול לקיים את שמחת החג בבשר, מטעמי בריאות או כשרות, יקיים מצות שמחתו בבשר עוף. וכל מה שאמרנו שאין שמחה אלא בבשר ויין, היינו לאנשים, אבל הנשים יש לשמחן בבגדים יפים או תכשיטים נאים וכדומה. ויש לשמח את הילדים בקליות ואגוזים וממתקים וכדומה.

שמחת עניים
נאמר בתורה (דברים טז) ושמחת בחגך אתה ובנך ובתך והלוי והגר והיתום והאלמנה אשר בקרבך. לפיכך חייב אדם לשמח עמו ברגל את העניים והאביונים והאלמנות והיתומים, והיא חובה קדושה

Customs of the Shavuot Holiday

Division of the Holiday Hours

The Gemara in Masechet Beitzah (15b) tells us: “Rabbi Yehoshua says: The Mitzvah of the holiday is half for Hashem and half for you.” This means that one should apportion his time on Yom Tov half for eating, drinking, and other Yom Tov festivities and half for Torah learning and prayer. The Rambam (Chapter 6 of Hilchot Yom Tov) rules likewise.

Adorning the Synagogue and One’s Home with Plants
The Rama writes (in his notation on Chapter 494, Section 3) that it is customary to scatter plants throughout the synagogue and one’s home on the holiday of Shavuot in commemoration of the joy of the giving of the Torah. Many Acharonim bring another source for this custom based on the Gemara in Masechet Shabbat (88b) which states that after every commandment uttered by Hashem, the entire world was filled with a fragrant smell, as the verse states, “His lips are like roses dripping with passing myrrh.” It is likewise customary to lay tree branches in the synagogue and in one’s home in order to hint to the Gemara in Masechet Rosh Hashanah (16a) that on Shavuot we are judged regarding the fruits of the tree.

However, the Sefer Chayei Adam writes that Rabbeinu Eliyahu of Vilna discontinued this custom, for nowadays, the non-Jews place tree branches in their homes during their holiday. This therefore constitutes the prohibition to follow the practices of the non-Jews. Nevertheless, Maran Harav Ovadia Yosef Shlit”a writes that the Gaon of Vilna writes that this constitutes the prohibition to follow the practices of the non-Jews in accordance with his own opinion that this prohibition applies to all non-Jewish practices. However, according to Rabbeinu Yosef Cologne and many other Poskim who rule likewise, this prohibition only applies to those practices which are observed which have no reason behind them (for only then are we concerned about “Emorite ways” and the possibility of idolatrous rituals) or to those customs which are observed for immoral purposes and the like. Nonetheless, if it is a custom which is observed for a specific reason, such as if a garment is worn by non-Jewish doctors in order for them to be recognizable as doctors, a Jewish doctor may follow this custom and wear the garment as well. Therefore, this custom may indeed be observed, for the custom of the Jewish people is law, especially when the custom in question is very ancient and quoted by our Sages.

Eating Dairy Foods
The Rama (ibid.) continues and writes that several places have the custom to eat dairy foods on the day of Shavuot. Some Acharonim add that it is customary to eat milk and honey together as well hinting to the acceptance of our holy Torah which is compared to milk and honey. Some explain that the reason for eating dairy foods on Shavuot is because when our forefathers were given the Ten Commandments, the rest of the Torah and its commandments were revealed to them as well (as Rav Sa’adia Gaon writes that all of the Mitzvot are included in the Ten Commandments). When the Jewish people returned to their homes after receiving the Torah, they did not find anything ready to eat besides for dairy items, for eating meat now involved much preparation including slaughtering the animal with a knife free of imperfections, removing the forbidden fats and sinews, salting the meat and washing it off as well as many other laws pertaining to the kosher dietary laws. They therefore made due with dairy foods; we eat dairy items in commemoration of this. Many other reasons are given for this custom.

Since Halacha prohibits eating dairy foods for six hours after eating meat, we therefore customarily eat the dairy foods first and only after washing one’s mouth out in accordance with Halacha by eating some bread and drinking some beverages do we eat meat. One should eat meat on Yom Tov in order to fulfill the Mitzvah of joy of Yom Tov, as the Gemara in Masechet Chagiga (8b) states that one experiences true joy only by eating meat. One should likewise drink wine in honor of the joy of Yom Tov. One should nevertheless abstain from frivolity and unruliness, for we have only been commanded to experience a joy through which one can serve Hashem. One should rejoice by performing permissible actions, such as singing the praises of Hashem and his holy Torah. One must likewise try his utmost to learn Torah during the day of Shavuot as well. Maran Harav Shlit”a writes that one should also learn from the Rambam’s Sefer Ha’Mitzvot. It is also proper to recite Tehillim on this day, for the holiday of Shavuot marks the anniversary of the passing of King David.

If one is unable to fulfill the Mitzvah of rejoicing on Yom Tov with beef due to health or kashrut concerns, he should fulfill his obligation with chicken instead. Regarding what we have said that true joy only comes through consuming meat and wine, this only applies to men; women, however, should be gladdened with nice clothing, jewelry, and the like. Children should be gladdened with nuts, sweets, and the like.

Gladdening the Needy The Torah (Devarim 16) states: “And you shall be glad during your holiday; you, your son, your daughter, the Levite, the convert, the orphan, and the widow in your midst.” One must therefore gladden the hearts of the poor, widows, and orphans during the holiday as well and this is a truly important obligation

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