ק׳ ק׳ שׁערי תפילה
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Besiman Tov
to the newly re-elected
Executive & Mahamad 2024
a) Parnas Presidente: Mordechai Maman
b) Parnas Vice Presidente: Benjamin Hassan
c) Treasurer: Yamin Ibgui
d) Gabbai: Eli Shoshana
e) Hon. Secretary: S Lalluche
f) Ladies Committee Chair: Mrs. Elaine Marshall
g) Mahamad: Mrs Loretta Hodari, Jacob Edelstein, Rafi Marshall
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Attachments
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Tu B'Shevat is generally regarded as the “New Year for the trees,” (Rosh Hashanah 2a). We are told that by the fifteenth day of Shevat most of the rains for the given year have already fallen (Rosh Hashana 14a). As a result, Chazal tell us that until this date all the fruits that grew are a product of the rains from the previous year, and the fruits produced from this day onward are from the rains of the new year. In fact, it is for this reason that many have the custom to pray for a beautiful and kosher etrog for the upcoming Succot holiday on this day (see Lashon Chachamim 1:38 of the Ben Ish Chai for a text of the prayer). Tu B'Shevat also bears halachic significance for the purposes of counting the years for orlah, terumot u'maaserot (tithes), and according to some opinions for determining the holiness of fruits that grow during the Shemitah year. It is for this reason that many communities have the custom to eat several different types of fruits as a means of celebrating the day (see Mishna Berura 131:31, Kaf Hachaim 131:97).
The halacha also states that we refrain from reciting tachanun on this day (Orach Chaim 131:6). This custom appears to be a bit puzzling since we generally refrain from saying tachanun because of some sort of happiness. On Tu B'Shevat, however, what is the nature of the day's happiness, since most of the rains have fallen due to purely natural means? In order to gain clarity of the significance of the day, as well as the spiritual energy present, we must delve into what is spiritually taking place.
The Maharal of Prague explains that since everything in the physical world is a manifestation of a spiritual root, when one studies the natural world and its seasons he can understand the spiritual energy of that time of year (Gevurot Hashem, 46). The fifteenth of Shevat marks the day on which the rain's potential growth begins to materialize through the trees producing fruit. The Ohr Gedalyahu explains that rain in this context does not only refer to physical water from above that leads to production and growth on land, but also alludes to spiritual Divine assistance that can aid in producing spiritual fruits, i.e. mitzvot (which are often referred to by Chazal as “fruits”; see for example Sotah 46a). The amount and nature of this Divine assistance is decided every Rosh Hashana, as it is on this day that G-d determines a person's riches, health, spouse, etc.
According to this symbolism the tree is also not only referring to physical trees but also to man; as the verse in the Torah says, “for man is like the tree of the field” (Devarim 20:19). The Shem M'Shmuel points out that just like a tree is the medium through which the ground can produce fruit, so too man is the medium through which physicality can be uplifted to produce fruit, mitzvot. The only difference between man and a tree lies in where the roots are implanted. Unlike the tree, man's roots are above, they are his intellect. All of his actions — his branches — all stem from his intellect, his roots. A physical tree, however, is rooted in the physical earth, and the rest sprout forth from that physical core. Indeed, as the Maharal explains, man is an upside-down tree (Chiddushei Aggadot, Sanhedrin 91b).
Based on the above we can understand the significance of the day of Tu B'Shevat. Just like the trees begin to bear fruit on this day from the rains of the new year, so too this is the time when we begin to see the results of the spiritual rains that we have received since Rosh Hashana. Because we have completed one-third of the new year, Tu B'Shevat is the opportune time to both harvest and assess the spiritual fruit of our labor. It is the happiness that accompanies this spiritual harvest that results in refraining from the tachanun prayer.
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לוח זמני תפלה לחורף תשפ״ד
Winter Timetable 5784 – 2023/24
מוצאי שבת | ערבית | שקיעה | מנחה שבת | סוף זמן קריאת שמע | הדלקת נרות | מנחה וקבלת שבת | תאריך | שבת פרשת |
Shabbat Ends | Arbit | Sunset | Minha | Shema before | Candle Lighting | Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat | Date | Parasha |
PM | PM | PM | PM | AM | PM | PM |
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5:35 | 5:31 | 4:39 | 4:00 | 10:12 | 4:24 | 4:24 | 26/27 Jan | בשלח |
קרבנות
8:45 am
הודו
9:00 am
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THIS WEEK 6:50 pm
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Pharaoh finally sends the Bnei Yisrael out of Egypt. With pillars of cloud and fire, G-d leads them toward Eretz Yisrael on a circuitous route, avoiding the Pelishtim (Philistines). Pharaoh regrets the loss of so many slaves, and chases after the Jews with his army. The Jews are very afraid as the Egyptians draw close, but G-d protects them. Moshe raises his staff, and G-d splits the sea, enabling the Jews to cross safely. Pharaoh, his heart hardened by G-d, commands his army to pursue, whereupon the waters crash down upon the Egyptian army. Moshe and Miriam lead the men and women, respectively, in a song of thanks.
After three days' travel, only to find bitter waters at Marah, the people complain. Moshe miraculously produces potable water. In Marah they receive certain mitzvahs. The people complain that they ate better food in Egypt. Hashem sends quail for meat and provides manna, miraculous bread that falls from the sky every day except Shabbat. On Friday, a double portion descends to supply the Shabbat needs. No one is able to obtain more than his daily portion, but manna collected on Friday suffices for two days so the Jews can rest on Shabbat. Some manna is set aside as a memorial for future generations.
When the Jews again complain about a lack of water, Moshe miraculously produces water from a rock. Then Amalek attacks. Joshua leads the Jews in battle, and Moshe prays for their welfare.
Ohr Somayach Institutions www.ohr.edu
דיני קדימה בברכות – לברך במתינות – הנהגת מרן זצ”ל
בליל ט”ו בשבט, שיחול ביום רביעי הקרוב, ליל יום חמישי, נוהגים לאכול כמה מיני פירות וירקות. ויש ללמוד בימים הללו את סדר הברכות. כלומר, איזו ברכה קודמת לחברתה. והדינים הללו אינם מסובכים, אך נצטרך להסביר את עיקריהם היטב, כדי שכל אחד ואחת יהיו בקיאים בהלכות הללו.
ועל כל אדם, בפרט זה שכבר יש לו ילדים קטנים, לשים לבו לכך, כי מי שלומד את ההלכות השייכות לברכות, ומנהיג בביתו לברך בצורה נכונה ובמתינות, יזכה עבור זה להשכין את השכינה בביתו, שיהיו כל בניו למודי ה' וכל רואיהם יכירום שהם גדלים בבית של תורה ויראת שמים. לא כן אותם המברכים תמיד בשקט ובמהירות, שהברכה אינה יוצאת כלל מפיהם, וילדיהם הולכים בדרכיהם, והוא קלקול גדול בהנהגה שכמעט רוב בני אדם נכשלים בה, וקשה מאד לשנות את ההרגל בזה. לכן מצוה רבה על כל איש ואשה, להתחזק בזה, ולהתחיל לברך במתינות כראוי, ובקול, ועל ידי זה יזכו לכל הברכות שבתורה.
ואומרים בשם החסיד רבי ישראל אביחצרא זצ”ל (הבאבא סאלי), שמי שנזהר תמיד לברך ברכת המזון מתוך בירכון במתינות, לא תחסר לו הפרנסה.
ומרן רבינו עובדיה יוסף זצ”ל, היה רגיל הרבה, כשהיה יושב עם ילדיו או עם נכדיו, היה לוקח בידו פירות וסכין, והיה חותך מעט מכל פרי, נותן לכל ילד ואומר לו, תברך!, והילד שעומד לפני מרן זצ”ל, היה מברך בצורה יפה, ואז היה מרן זצ”ל נותן לו עוד אותו פרי, ואחר כך מפירות אחרים, ומברך את הילדים באהבה.
הסיבה הראשונה שיש להקדים ברכה מסויימת על פני חברתה, הוא מפני חשיבותה של הברכה. וענין זה יתבאר בעזרת ה' בהלכה הבאה. והסיבה השנייה שבגינה יש להקדים ברכה מסויימת על פני חברתה, היא מפני חשיבות המאכל שבאים לברך עליו. וענין זה יתבאר להלן.
פירות שנשתבחה בהם ארץ ישראל הם שבעה מינים, כמו שכתוב בתורה (דברים ח, ח) “אֶרֶץ חִטָּה וּשְׂעֹרָה וְגֶפֶן וּתְאֵנָה וְרִמּוֹן אֶרֶץ זֵית שֶׁמֶן וּדְבָשׁ”. (ופירוש “דבש”: תמרים. וכמו שמבואר בתלמוד ירושלמי פ”א דביכורים ה”ג). ופירות שבעת המינים קודמים לברכה לכל שאר מיני פירות העץ.
ולמשל, אדם שנמצאים לפניו תפוחים ותמרים (שהתמרים הם משבעת המינים), עליו לברך תחילה על התמרים, שהם משבעת המינים, ואוכל מהם, ואחר כך אוכל מן התפוחים.
וכתב מרן רבינו הגדול רבי עובדיה יוסף זצ”ל, שאף אם התפוח חביב עליו יותר מן התמר, לעולם מין שהוא משבעת המינים קודם לברך עליו תחילה.
לכן למשל בדוגמא שהזכרנו, שהאדם בא לאכול תפוח ותמר. והוא אוהב יותר את התפוח. בכל זאת עליו להקדים ולברך על התמר, ואינו רשאי לברך על התפוח תחילה, למרות שהוא אהוב עליו יותר.
ומלבד זאת, עוד יש קדימה נוספת לכל פרי הסמוך יותר למילה “ארץ” בפסוק. וביאור הדברים: נאמר בתורה: ארץ חיטה ושעורה וגפן ותאנה ורימון, ארץ זית שמן ודבש. נמצא שהמילה “ארץ” מוזכרת פעמיים בפסוק. ואם כן הפרי “זית”, נכתב ראשון אחרי המילה “ארץ” בפסוק (ארץ “זית שמן”). והפרי “גפן”, נזכר שלישי אחרי המילה “ארץ” (ארץ חיטה ושעורה “וגפן”). ועל כן אם נמצאים לפני האדם זיתים וענבים, עליו להקדים את הברכה על הזיתים, הסמוכים יותר למילה “ארץ”, לעומת הענבים, הרחוקים יותר וחשיבותן מועטת.
וכשם שהזיתים קודמים לענבים, כמו כן התמרים קודמים לענבים, כי התמרים נכתבו שניים אחרי מילת “ארץ” שבפסוק (ארץ זית שמן ו”דבש”), והגפן נכתב שלישי למילת “ארץ” הראשונה שבפסוק (ארץ חיטה ושעורה ו”גפן”), ולכן התמרים קודמים גם לתאנה ולרימון, משום שחשיבות הפרי נמדדת, על פי קרבתו למילת “ארץ” שבפסוק.
ולסיכום: נמצא משפט הקדימה בברכות שבעת המינים כך הוא: ברכת “המוציא לחם מן הארץ” קודמת לכל דבר, (ומפני כך מכסים את החלות לפני הקידוש ביין בשבת ויום טוב, להראות כאילו אין כאן פת לפנינו בכדי להקדימו, וכפי שביארנו כבר בהלכות קידוש, כי כל דיני הקדימה הם דווקא כשנמצאים שני המינים לפניו וברצונו לאכול משניהם, אבל אין צורך להמתין עד שיבא לפניו המין שמוקדם לברכה). ולאחר מכן ברכת “בורא מיני מזונות”, ולחם או עוגה שעשויים מקמח חיטה, קודמים ללחם או לעוגה שעשויים מקמח שעורים, שהרי חיטה נכתבה בפסוק לפני שעורה. ואחריהם זית, ואחריו תמרים, ואחר כך ענבים, ואחר כך תאנים, ואחר כך רימונים, ואחריהם שאר מיני פירות העץ. וברכה אחת שמברך “בורא פרי העץ” פוטרת כל מיני פירות העץ שבדעתו לאכול כעת.
The Laws of Precedence Regarding Blessings
On the night of Tu Bishvat, which will fall out this coming Wednesday night, it is customary to eat a variety of fruits. We shall therefore learn the proper order of the Blessings of Enjoyment during the coming days.
We should point out that these laws are fairly simple but we will need to discuss the basis of these laws so that everyone can be proficient in them
Every individual, especially someone with young children, should pay attention to this, for anyone who studies the laws of blessings and makes sure that everyone in one’s household recites blessings correctly and slowly will merit Hashem’s presence dwelling in the home and that everyone will be able to tell that one’s children grow up in a home of Torah and fear of Heaven. However, those who always recite blessings in an undertone and hastily in a way that the words barely emerge from their mouth cause immeasurable damage, for their children follow in their footsteps and it is much more difficult to change this bad habit when they get older. It is therefore a great Mitzvah for both men and women to recite blessings slowly, aloud, and with great concentration and by doing so, one shall merit all of the blessings of the Torah.
Indeed, it is said in the name of Hagaon Rabbeinu Yisrael Abuchatzera zt”l (the saintly Baba Sali) that one who recites Birkat Hamazon slowly from a Siddur or Bencher shall never lack a source of livelihood.
When Maran Rabbeinu Ovadia Yosef zt”l would sit around the table with his grandchildren, he would cut up a fruit and give each child a piece and tell him, “Recite a blessing!” and when the child would do so, he would give him more of the same fruit and other fruits and then he would bless each child warmly.
The Reason for the Specific Order of Blessings
When one wishes to recite blessings on various foods in front of him, one may not just recite any blessing based on the order one decides; rather, there is a specific order of blessings. There can be two reasons to explain why one blessing must be recited before another:
One reason can be because of the innate importance of the given blessing. This will be explained further in the next Halacha, G-d willing. The other possibility when one blessing has priority over another is because of the innate significance of the fruit or other food one is about to recite a blessing on. The following is an explanation of this possibility.
Priority of a Blessing on One of the Seven Species of Fruits the Land of Israel Was Praised With
We must first discuss the law in a situation where one is served a variety of fruits, which one should one recite the blessing on?
The Land of Israel was praised with seven species of fruits as the verse (Devarim 8, 8) states, “A land of wheat and barley, grapevines, figs, and pomegranates; a land of olive oil and honey.” (“Honey” here refers to dates as is explained in the Talmud Yerushalmi Chapter 1 of Masechet Bikurim, Halacha 3). The blessing on any one of the Seven Species precedes any other fruits.
For instance, if one has apples and dates in front of him, one must first recite a blessing on the dates (which are one of the Seven Species), eat a piece, and only then proceed to eat the apple.
Maran Rabbeinu Ovadia Yosef zt”l writes that even if one enjoys apples more than dates, the blessing must nevertheless be recited on the fruit that is one of the Seven Species first.
Thus, regarding the above example, if one wishes to eat an apple and a date, although may like apples more, one must nevertheless recite the blessing on the date first and one may not recite the blessing on the apple, although one likes it more.
Priority of a Blessing among the Seven Species Themselves
As we have explained, the fruits of the Seven Species are those mentioned in the verse. Any fruit mentioned earlier in the verse has priority, for it is more important. Thus, if one has figs and grapes in front of him, one should recite a blessing on the grapes first, for they are mentioned in the verse before figs.
Besides for this, there is another kind of priority given to any fruit closer to the word “land” in the verse. This means that the Torah states: “A land of wheat and barley, grapevines, figs, and pomegranates; a land of olive oil and honey”. The word “land” is mentioned twice in this verse. If so, the fruit of the “olive” is mentioned first after the word “land” (“a land of olive oil”) while the fruit of the “grapevine” is mention third after the word “land” (“A land of wheat and barley, grapevines”). Thus, if one has olives and grapes in front of him, one must recite the blessing on the olives first, for they are closer to the word “land” in the verse, as opposed to grapes which are further away from the word “land” and so, they are of lesser importance.
Just as olives precede grapes, similarly dates precede grapes as well, for dates are written second after the word “land” (“a land of olive oil and dates”) while grapes are only mentioned third after the first “land” in the verse (“A land of wheat and barley, grapevines”). For the same reason, dates take precedence over figs and pomegranates for the importance of a fruit is measured by its proximity to the word “land” in the verse.
Summary: This is the order of precedence regarding blessing on foods of the Seven Species: The “Hamotzi Lechem Min Ha’aretz” precedes all other blessings. (It is for this reason that we cover the bread during Kiddush on Shabbat and Yom Tov, for we wish for it to appear that there is no bread before us so that we may recite the blessing on the wine first since all of the laws of precedence regarding blessings applies only when both foods are in front of the individual and one wishes to partake of both of them; however, one need not wait until the food which takes precedence is brought before him.) Following this is the “Boreh Minei Mezonot” blessing. Bread or cakes made from wheat flour takes precedence over those made from barley flour since wheat is mentioned earlier in the verse. Following this in the order of precedence is the “Boreh Peri Ha’etz” on olives, then dates, then grapes, then figs, then pomegranates, followed by all other types of fruit. One “Boreh Peri Ha’etz” blessing is sufficient to exempt all of the fruits one plans on eating currently.