Newsletter Parashat Behaalotecha

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Have a look at our website www.moorlane.info 
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Manchester Montefiore Kollel excels in Hilchot Shabbat

The Kollel was recently examined on Hilchot Shabbat by two local Dayanim, firstly by Dayan Y Berger, formerly of the London Beth Din and the Manchester Beth Din, and then by Dayan C Heimlich of MH. 

The avrechim were presented with she'elot, and were able to respond with an in-depth knowledge of the sugyot through the Shulchan Aruch and down to contemporary poskim in a way that impressed both the Dayanim. 

This high-quality learning, achieved side by side with the Kollel’s communal activities is something to be proud of.  

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The next few weeks will see this year's sponsored swim and the campaign. 

We look forward to you joining in with this so it goes with a splash! 

Is anyone up for the challenge of completing this swim? 

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Shabbat Afternoon Programme
5:15 pm Avot Ubanim
5:50 pm Pirke Avot
6:00 pm Mincha
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Sephardic World
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Youtube page

Chasing Shadows – Bringing the Gomes da Costa family to life

Many Sephardic families escaped the Portuguese Inquisition. They are often shadows, ghostly figures about whom we can discern little more than the most basic facts. Yet, with perseverance and the extraordinary range of digitised resources now available, it is possible to learn much: where and how they lived, what they did, their struggles and triumphs.

 Ali Erginsoy has been studying his wife's Gomes da Costa ancestors. In his first talk he discusses how the family reached London, and their first generations in England. In a future talk he will discuss the family's subsequent history in Jamaica.

Ali Erginsoy is a former journalist at BBC television, including working on their flagship news programme, Newsnight. He is also a filmmaker and consultant. He is a regular contributor to the discussion of Sephardic genealogy.

The meeting is on Sunday 30 May 2021 at 11am in LA, 2pm NYC, 7pm London, 8pm Amsterdam and 9pm Jerusalem. Patrons can join us on Zoom. The link is shared at our Patreon page at: https://www.patreon.com/sephardi

Everyone is invited to join us for free at: https://www.youtube.com/SephardicGenealogyAndHistory/ Please subscribe to the YouTube channel. It helps us a lot and reminds you when we are going live!

Over the last year Sephardic World has become the leading forum for learning about Sephardic history and genealogy. We have no commercial sponsorship or public funding. There is no charge to attend our meetings or to view our content. If you are not a patron and can afford it, please consider supporting our work: https://www.patreon.com/sephardi
Best wishes,

Ton and David

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לוח זמני תפלה לקיץ תשפ״א

Summer Timetable 5781 – 2021

מוצאי שבת

ערבית

)מוצ”ש(

סוף זמן קראת שמע

זמן
שבת

פלג מנחה (תה״ד)

פלג מנחה (לבוש)

מנחה וקבלת שבת

תאריך

שבת פרשת

Shabbat

Ends

Arbit

Shema to be read before

Candles to be
lit by

 

Earliest Candle lighting

Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat*

Date

Parasha

PM

PM

AM

PM

PM

PM

PM

 

 

10:36

10:35

8:58

9:08

8:21

7:40

7:20

28/29 May

בהעלתך

For those not in the Bet Hakeneset, but wishing to bring in Shabbat with the Kahal, candles should be lit about 30 minutes after the time listed for Minha and Kabbalat Shabbat. (Unless the time listed in the ‘latest candle lighting’ column is earlier, when candles should be lit by that time, in all cases.

*****
Q & A Parashat Behaalotecha

All references are to the verses and Rashi's commentary, unless otherwise stated

  1. Toward which direction did the wicks of the Menorah burn, and why?
    8:2 – They leaned toward the middle wick so people wouldn't say that the Menorah was lit for its light.
  2. From what material and in what manner was the Menorah made?
    8:4 – It was made from one solid piece of hammered gold.
  3. Moshe was commanded to cleanse the levi'im by sprinkling on them “mei chatat.” What is “mei chatat“?
    8:7 – Water containing ashes of the para aduma.
  4. Which three “t'nufot” (wavings) are in the parsha?
    8:11 – The wavings of Kehat, Gershon and Merari.
  5. Why did G-d claim the first-born of the Jewish People as His possession?
    8:17 – Because in Egypt He spared them during makat bechorot.
  6. Why are the words “Bnei Yisrael” repeated five times in verse 8:19?
    8:19 – To show G-d's love for them.
  7. When a levi reaches age 50, which functions may he still perform?
    8:25 – Closing the courtyard gates of the Mishkan and Beit Hamikdash; singing during the avoda; loading the wagons to transport the Mishkan.
  8. Why was the mitzvah of Pesach Sheini not commanded directly to Moshe?
    9:7 – The people who asked about it were rewarded by being the catalyst for the teaching of this mitzvah.
  9. What similarity is there between the Menorah and the trumpets?
    8:4, 10:2 – They were each made from a single, solid block.
  10. What three purposes did trumpet signals serve?
    10:2-7 – Announcement of the gathering of Bnei Yisrael, the gathering of the nesi'im, and the beginning of a move of the encampment.
  11. How many tribes marched between the Gershon-Merari detachment and that of Kehat? How was the time differential used?
    10:17-21 – Three: Reuven, Shimon and Gad. In the meantime Gershon and Merari set up the Mishkan.
  12. The tribe of Dan, who traveled last, was called “the gatherer of all the camps.” What did they gather?
    10:25 – They gathered and returned things lost by the other tribes.
  13. When the Jewish People entered the Land, who took temporary possession of Jericho?
    10:32 – The children of Yitro.
  14. Which aron is referred to in verse 10:33?
    10:33 – The aron which held the broken pieces of the first tablets, that was taken to the battlefront.
  15. Which two topics are out of chronological order in the parsha?
    9:1, 10:35,36 – The Pesach sacrifice, and the traveling of the aron.
  16. Which tastes did the manna not offer, and why not?
    11:5 – Cucumbers, melons, leeks, onion and garlic – these are harmful to nursing women.
  17. Moshe was commanded to choose 70 elders to help him lead the Jewish People. What happened to the elders who led the Jewish People in Egypt?
    11:16 – They were consumed in the fire at Taverah (11:3).
  18. Whom did Moshe choose as elders?
    11:16 – People who were supervisors in Egypt and had pity on Bnei Yisrael at risk to themselves.
  19. What was the prophecy of Eldad and Medad?
    11:28 – “Moshe will die and Yehoshua will lead the Jewish People into the Land.”
  20. Why did Miriam merit to have the people wait for her?
    12:15 – Because she waited for Moshe when he was cast into the river.
*****

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Halachot from Maran Rabbi Ovadia Yosef Ztz'l

חימום תבשיל קרוש

שאלה: פשטידה, או בשר, שיש בו רוטב, אבל בשעה שהוא צונן,
השומן קרוש, ואינו נוזלי. האם מותר לחמם תבשיל כזה על גבי הפלאטה בשבת
?

תשובה: ביארנו, שמותר לחמם בשבת תבשיל
שנתבשל כבר לפני שבת. משום שאין איסור
בישול” בחימום תבשיל מבושל, שהרי “אין בישול אחר
בישול”. אולם כל זה דוקא בתבשיל שהוא “יבש”, אבל תבשיל
“לח” כגון מרק, מים וכדומה, אסור לחממו בשבת
, הואיל ו”יש בישול אחר בישול בלח”. (ויש
אופן להקל בזה כמו שביארנו
).

דברי
מרן השלחן ערוך

ולגבי
תבשיל “קרוש”. כתב מרן השלחן ערוך (סימן שיח סעיף טז) בזו הלשון: מותר
ליתן אינפאנדא (פשטידה של בצק ממולא חתיכות בשר ושומן) כנגד האש במקום שהיד סולדת
בו (במקום שמחמת החום התבשיל יתחמם מאד), אף על פי שהשומן שבה שנקרש חוזר ונימוח
.

כלומר,
דבר שהוא קרוש מחמת הקור, אין דינו כדבר לח לגבי “בישול אחר בישול”,
הואיל ובשעת ההנחה כנגד האש, הוא אינו “לח” אלא “יבש
“.

החולקים
בזה, והדין למעשה

ואמנם
יש שחלקו על דברי מרן השלחן ערוך בזה, ובראשם “הלבוש”. אולם הלכה למעשה
, פסק מרן רבינו
שליט”א בספרו חזון עובדיה (ח”ד עמוד שעא) שהעיקר להקל בדבר
. והביא כמה ראיות והסברים
לדבריו, והביא שכן כתבו בפירוש כמה מרבותינו הראשונים
.

ולסיכום: דבר שהוא נוזלי, אך עתה הוא
“קרוש
מחמת הקור, כגון שומן וכדומה, מותר להניחו על גבי פלאטה
חשמלית בשבת כדי שיתחמם, אף על פי שעל ידי החום הוא חוזר ונעשה נוזלי

 

Warming Up a Congealed Food

Question: May one warm up a quiche,
meat, or other such foods on an electric hotplate on Shabbat when they contain
sauce but when they are cold, the sauce is congealed?

Answer: We have explained that it is permissible to warm up a food on
Shabbat if has already been cooked before Shabbat, for this does not pose a
concern of “cooking” since “there is no cooking after cooking.” Nevertheless,
this only applies to a dry food; however, it is forbidden to warm up a liquid
food on Shabbat, such as soup or water, since “there is cooking after cooking
with regards to liquid foods.” (There is a permissible way to warm even such
foods up on Shabbat as we have discussed.)

The Opinion of Maran HaShulchan Aruch
Regarding congealed foods, Maran HaShulchan Aruch writes (Chapter 318, Section
16): “One may place an Empanada (dough filled with meat and fat-based gravy)
opposite the fire in a location where it can reach the temperature of ‘when
one’s hand recoils’ (104?-113? Fahrenheit) although the fat congealed inside it
will liquefy.”
This means that something that is congealed because it is cold is not
considered a “liquid” with regards to the law of “cooking after cooking” since
at the time it was placed next to the fire it was “dry”, not “liquid”.

The Opposing Views and the Bottom-Line Halacha
Several Poskim, including the Levush, disagree with Maran on this law. However,
Maran Harav Ovadia Yosef Shlit”a rules (in his Chazon Ovadia-Shabbat, Part 4,
page 371) that the Halacha follows Maran and one may act leniently. He proceeds
to bring reasons and sources to support his opinion and writes that many
Rishonim rule likewise.

Summary: Something which is usually a liquid but is now congealed
because it is cold, such as fat, sauce, and the like, may be placed on an
electric hotplate on Shabbat in order to warm it up although the heat will
cause the congealed item to liquefy

Newsletter Parashat Naso

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Have a look at our website www.moorlane.info 
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Please continue praying
for the safety of Kelal Yisrael
& our brothers in 
Eretz Yisrael
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New Gemara Shiur in Ivrit with Rabbi Harary
Starting Masechet Ta'anit 
Sunday 2nd April 6.25pm, 
Mincha & Arbit 7.25pm
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Shabbat Afternoon Programme
5:15 pm Avot Ubanim
5:50 pm Pirke Avot
6:00 pm Mincha
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Sephardic World
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Youtube page
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לוח זמני תפלה לקיץ תשפ״א

Summer Timetable 5781 – 2021

מוצאי שבת

ערבית

)מוצ”ש(

סוף זמן קראת שמע

זמן
שבת

פלג מנחה (תה״ד)

פלג מנחה (לבוש)

מנחה וקבלת שבת

תאריך

שבת פרשת

Shabbat

Ends

Arbit

Shema to be read before

Candles to be
lit by

 

Earliest Candle lighting

Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat*

Date

Parasha

PM

PM

AM

PM

PM

PM

PM

 

 

10:23

10:20

9:02

8:58

8:12

7:32

7:20

21/22 May

נשא

For those not in the Bet Hakeneset, but wishing to bring in Shabbat with the Kahal, candles should be lit about 30 minutes after the time listed for Minha and Kabbalat Shabbat. (Unless the time listed in the ‘latest candle lighting’ column is earlier, when candles should be lit by that time, in all cases.

*****
Q & A Parashat Naso

All references are to the verses and Rashi's commentary, unless otherwise stated

  1. What is the significance of the number 8,580 in this weeks Parsha?
    4:47-48 – It is the number of leviim between ages thirty and fifty.
  2. Besides transporting the Mishkan, what other service performed by the leviim is referred to in this Parsha?
    4:47 – Singing and playing cymbals and harps to accompany the sacrifices.
  3. On which day did Moshe teach the command to send those who are temeim (ritually impure) out of the camp?
    5:2 – The day the Mishkan was erected.
  4. Name the three camps in the desert.
    5:2 – The camp of the Shechina was in the center, surrounded by the camp of Levi which was surrounded by the camp of Yisrael.
  5. Who was sent out of each of the camps?
    5:2 – A metzora was sent out of all three camps. A zav was permitted in the camp of Yisrael but excluded from the two inner camps. A person who was tamei from contact with the dead had to leave only the camp of the Shechina.
  6. A person stole from another and swore that he was innocent. If he later confesses his guilt, what are his obligations?
    5:6-8 – He pays the principle plus a fifth to the victim, and brings a korban asham.
  7. Who determines which kohen receives the gifts that must be given to the kohanim?
    5:10 – The giver.
  8. What does the Torah promise a person who gives matnot kehuna?
    5:10 – Great wealth.
  9. Why are the verses about matnot kehuna followed by the verses about the sotah?
    5:12 – To teach that someone who withholds the gifts due the kohanim is deserving of eventually bringing his wife to the kohanim to be tried as a sotah.
  10. Why is the sotah given water from the holy basin?
    5:17 – The holy basin was made from the mirrors of the righteous women who left Egypt; the sotah strayed from the example set by these women.
  11. What does the kohen do to the hair of a sotah?
    5:18 – He uncovers it.
  12. When a sotah who is guilty of adultery drinks the water, she dies in a very specific fashion. What happens to the adulterer?
    5:22 – He dies a similar death.
  13. Before the name of G-d is erased, the sotah has the option either to admit guilt or to drink the water. Does she have a third option?
    5:27 – Yes, she can refuse both: She can refuse to admit guilt and also refuse to drink the water. (After the Name of G-d is erased, she loses this option.)
  14. What are chartzanim? What are zagim?
    6:4 – Chartzanim are seeds. Zagim are peels.
  15. What sin does a Nazir commit against himself?
    6:11 – He abstains from enjoying wine.
  16. Where was the cut hair of a Nazir placed?
    6:18 – It was placed on the fire under the pot in which the nazirs shelamim offering was cooked.
  17. kohen should bless the people “with a full heart”. What word in the Parsha conveys this idea of “a full heart”?
    6:23 – “Amor.”
  18. What is the meaning of the blessing “May G-d bless you and guard you?”
    6:24 – “May G-d bless you” that your property may increase, “and guard you” from robbery.
  19. What is the meaning of the blessing “May G-d lift up His countenance upon you?”
    6:26 – “May He suppress His anger.”
  20. The tribe of Yissachar was the second tribe to offer their gifts. Why did they merit this position?
    7:18 – The Tribe of Yissachar was well versed in Torah. Also, they proposed the idea that the nesiim should offer gifts.
*****

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Halachot from Maran Rabbi Ovadia Yosef Ztz'l

חייל בבית
כנסת ובכותל המערבי

שאלה: חייל
המצוייד בנשק, האם רשאי להכנס לבית הכנסת או לכותל המערבי עם הרובה או האקדח שעמו
?

תשובה: בספר
ארחות חיים, כתב בשם מהר”ם מרוטנבורג, אסור להכנס לבית הכנסת בסכין
(עם סכין) ארוך, מפני שהתפילה מאריכה חייו של אדם (כמו
שאמרו בברכות נד
🙂
והסכין מקצר ימיו. ומרן הבית יוסף
(סימן יז) הביא דברי הארחות חיים. וכן כתב רבינו הרשב”ץ. וכיוצא בזה שנינו
במכילתא, “ואם מזבח אבנים תעשה לי לא תבנה אתהן גזית (אבנים מסותתות), כי
חרבך הנפת עליה ותחלליה” (שסיתות אבנים הוא על ידי חרב). אמר רבי שמעון בן
אלעזר, המזבח נברא להאריך שנותיו של אדם, והברזל מקצר שנותיו של אדם, אינו רשאי
להניף המקצר על המאריך
.

ואף שכך דעת המהר”ם, מכל מקום רבינו פרץ
חולק על דעת המהר”ם בזה, וסובר שאין בזה איסור מן הדין. אבל אנו פוסקים להלכה
כדעת המהר”ם מרוטנבורג, שכן פסק מרן בשלחן ערוך (סימן קנא). ועל כן יש לאסור
להכנס לבית הכנסת עם חרב או סכין גדולה
.
אלא שדין זה אינו נפוץ כל כך
בזמנינו, שסתם בני אדם אינם נושאים עמם חרבות
, אולם יש לדון
מכאן לענין נשק אישי, שגם הוא מקצר ימיו של אדם, ועשוי מברזל, ואם כן מסתבר גם כן
שיש לאסור כניסה עם נשק אישי לבית הכנסת
.

והנה בהלכה הקודמת כתבנו, שנהגו
לכסות את הסכינים בשעת ברכת המזון, מפני שהסכין מקצר ימיו של אדם, וברכת המזון
מאריכה חייו, ועל כן נכון לכסות את הסכינים כמו שביארנו
. וכן פסק מרן
השלחן ערוך (סי' קפ). והקשה מכאן הטורי זהב, למה כתב המהר”ם שדוקא בסכין
“ארוך” אין להכנס לבית הכנסת, והרי לגבי ברכת המזון לא מצאנו חילוק בין
סכין ארוך לסכין קצר. ותירץ הטורי זהב, שבברכת המזון ניתן בקלות לכסות כל סכין שעל
השלחן, ולמה לא נעשה כן, מה שאין כן בבית הכנסת שיצטרך להסיר מעליו את הסכין לגמרי
ולמצוא מקום להניחו, וגם לעתים יש צורך להשתמש בסכין בבית הכנסת, ואז יצטרך ללכת
להחזירה, והיא טירחה יתירה, לכן לא הטריחוהו כל כך מפני סיבה זו. מה שאין כן בסכין
גדולה, שאין בה צורך כל כך
,
הטריחוהו שלא להכניסה כלל לבית
הכנסת
.

ומן האמור למד מרן אבינו מלכנו רבנו הקדוש רבי
עובדיה יוסף זצ”ל, לנדון דנן, שגם חייל שיש לו נשק, והוא חייב ללכת עם נשקו
בגלל סיבות בטחוניות, ואם יפרוק הנשק מעליו בבית הכנסת אפשר שיגרום לסכנה כלשהי,
רשאי להכנס לבית הכנסת עם הנשק שלו, שהרי במקרה כגון זה, לא הטריחוהו כל כך להמנע
מכניסה לבית הכנסת עם נשק. ומכל שכן אם יכסה את נשקו בבגדיו וכדומה, שאז יש מקום
יותר להקל בזה שיוכל להכנס בשופי לבית הכנסת עם נשק. והאריך עוד להביא סימוכין
לדבריו
.

וכן לגבי הכותל המערבי, שנכון מאד שיהרו החיילים
הנכנסים לשם לתפלה וכדומה, לכסות נשקם. אבל אם יש צורך בהצגת הנשק מסיבה בטחונית
וכדומה, הורה מרן רבינו זצ”ל (חזון עובדיה תענית, בסוף הספר), שיוכלו לסמוך
על סברת המיקלים בזה
.

ועל כן לסיכום, נכון ורצוי מאד
שחייל הנכנס לבית הכנסת להתפלל יכסה את נשקו תחת בגדיו
, ולא יראה החוצה.
ואם אי אפשר לו לכסותו, כגון רובה וכדומה, ויש צורך שישא עמו נשק בגלל סיבה
בטחונית וכיוצא בזה, רשאי להכנס עם נשק לבית הכנסת לתפילה. וכן הדין בכותל המערבי,
שקדושתו דומה לקדושת בית הכנסת
.

Entering a
Synagogue with a Weapon

Question: May a soldier or a citizen armed with a
pistol or a rifle enter a synagogue with his weapon?

Answer: The Mechilta (end of Parashat Yitro) states
regarding the verse, “And when you shall build Me a stone altar, you shall not
build it of hewn stone; for you will have waved your sword over it and
desecrated it”: “Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar said: The Altar was created to prolong
the life of man. Thus, one may not wave the ‘item that shortens’ (the item that
shortens man’s life, i.e. a knife) over the ‘item that lengthens’ (the item
that prolongs man’s life, i.e. the Altar).”

Similarly, regarding our question,
the Orchot Chaim (Hilchot Bet Ha’Kenesset, Section 7) writes in the name of
Maharam of Rottenberg that one may not enter a synagogue with a long knife, for
prayer prolongs one’s life and a knife shortens it. Although Rabbeinu Peretz
disagrees with the Maharam, Maran Ha’Shulchan Aruch (Chapter 151) rules in
accordance with the opinion of the Maharam of Rottenberg. It is thus forbidden
to enter a synagogue with a sword or a long knife. Although this law is not so
common nowadays since people do not carry around swords, we must nevertheless
discuss weapons such as rifles which are likewise made out of metal and shorten
lives. It would seem based on the above that it should be forbidden to enter a
synagogue with one’s personal weapon.

Maran Rabbeinu Ovadia Yosef zt”l
(in his Responsa Yechave Da’at Volume 5, Chapter 18) explains that the Maharam
does not prohibit entering a synagogue with a long knife only because a knife
shortens one’s life; rather, he has an additional reason for this which is due
to the respect of the synagogue, for it is disrespectful to enter a synagogue
when one is armed with a weapon. He proceeds to support his view.

In the previous Halacha we have explained that it is customary to
cover the knives on the table during Birkat Hamazon, for a knife shortens man’s
life while Birkat Hamazon lengthens it. Based on this, the Turei Zahav asks:
Why is it that it is only prohibited to enter a synagogue with a “long” knife?
We do not find such a distinction between a long or short knife regarding
Birkat Hamazon! He explains that regarding Birkat Hamazon where it is quite
easy to cover all of the knives on the table, there is no reason for one not to
do so. Nevertheless, regarding entering a synagogue where one will have to
remove the knife completely a find a place to leave it in addition to the fact
that there is sometimes a need to use a knife in a synagogue as well in which
case one will have to go get it, our Sages did not trouble an individual to
such an extent. However, with regards to a long knife which is not usually
necessary in a synagogue, our Sages troubled one not to enter the synagogue
with it at all.

Based on this, Maran zt”l
writes that when there is a pressing need for one to carry his weapon and
removing it proves to be a great hassle, it is not forbidden to enter a
synagogue with it, similar to the law of a small knife. He proceeds to quotes
sources and proofs to the fact that as long as there is a great need for one to
carry the weapon, there is no prohibition to enter the synagogue and pray while
armed with it.

Summary: It is preferable that an armed soldier
entering a synagogue to pray cover his weapon with his clothing. If this is not
possible, for instance, because one is armed with a large rifle, and there is a
great need for one to be carrying his weapon, such as due to security concerns
and the like, one may be lenient and enter the synagogue to pray in this
manner.

Newsletter Parashat Bamidbar & Shavuot

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Have a look at our website www.moorlane.info 
******
Important Security 
As the situation in Eretz Yisrael continues to develop
we would like to ask members & mitpalelim to be cautious & vigilant 
when in the Bet Hakeneset building.

(1) Please ensure that all external doors 
(ie front door, back door, and both side doors) 
are kept closed and locked to people coming in from outside. 

Doors should not be kept open with people coming in and out 
(especially if the weather is warm), 
as it significantly increases the level of risk to members of the kahal 
– this would apply to the front door and also to the side door which leads to the back of the Bet Hakeneset.   

2) People coming in at the front can either use the code or knock to gain entry.  

3) children should not open the door 

4) only allow individuals who you know into the building 
  report suspicious people to police – 999 – and then CST  0161 792 6666


******
Shavuot Time Table 
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also attached to this email
Please Note: 
Confirmation or cancelation for the hanetz (1st) minyan 
on the first day of Shavuot will be made on the 
Whatsapp minyan group 
an announcement will be made in the Bet Hakeneset
URGENT
If you are interested in attending the 
HaNetz minyan 
please contact
J Jacobs
ASAP
Tizke Lemitzvot
****
New Gemara Shiur in Ivrit with Rabbi Harary
Starting Masechet Ta'anit 
Sunday 2nd April 6.25pm, 
Mincha & Arbit 7.25pm
****
Shabbat Afternoon Programme
5:15 pm Avot Ubanim
5:50 pm Pirke Avot
6:00 pm Mincha
*****************
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********
Save the Date
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*****
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****

לוח זמני תפלה לקיץ תשפ״א

Summer Timetable 5781 – 2021

מוצאי שבת

ערבית

)מוצ”ש(

סוף זמן קראת שמע

זמן
שבת

פלג מנחה (תה״ד)

פלג מנחה (לבוש)

מנחה וקבלת שבת

תאריך

שבת פרשת

Shabbat

Ends

Arbit

Shema to be read before

Candles to be
lit by

 

Earliest Candle lighting

Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat*

Date

Parasha

PM

PM

AM

PM

PM

PM

PM

 

 

10:08

10:05

9:07

8:46

8:01

7:23

7:10

14/15 May

במדבר

For those not in the Bet Hakeneset, but wishing to bring in Shabbat with the Kahal, candles should be lit about 30 minutes after the time listed for Minha and Kabbalat Shabbat. (Unless the time listed in the ‘latest candle lighting’ column is earlier, when candles should be lit by that time, in all cases.

*****
Q & A Parashat Bamidbar

All references are to the verses and Rashi's commentary, unless otherwise stated

  1. Why were the Jewish People counted so frequently?
    1:1 – They are very dear to G-d.
  2. What documents did the people bring when they were counted?
    1:18 – They brought birth records proving their tribal lineage.
  3. What determined the color of the tribal flags?
    2:2 – Each tribes flag was the color of that tribes stone in the breastplate of the kohen gadol.
  4. What is the difference between an “ot” and a “degel“?
    2:2 – An “ot” is a flag, i.e., a colored cloth that hangs from a flagpole. A degel is a flagpole.
  5. How do we see that the Jews in the time of Moshe observed techum Shabbat – the prohibition against traveling more than 2,000 amot on Shabbat?
    2:2 – G-d commanded them to camp no more than 2,000 amot from the Ohel Moed. Had they camped farther, it would have been forbidden for them to go to the Ohel Moed on Shabbat.
  6. What was the signal for the camp to travel?
    2:9 – The cloud over the Ohel Moed departed and the kohanim sounded the trumpets.
  7. What was the sum total of the counting of the 12 tribes?
    2:32 – 603,550.
  8. Why are Aharon's sons called “sons of Aharon and Moshe”?
    3:1 – Since Moshe taught them Torah, its as if he gave birth to them.
  9. Who was Nadav's oldest son?
    3:4 – Nadav had no children.
  10. Which two people from the Book of Esther does Rashi mention in this week's Parsha?
    3:7 – Bigtan and Teresh.
  11. Why did the levi'im receive ma'aser rishon?
    3:8 – Since the leviim served in the Mishkan in place of everyone else, they received tithes as “payment.”
  12. Which groups of people were counted from the age of one month?
    3:15, 40 – The leviim, and the firstborn of Bnei Yisrae l.
  13. Name the first descendant of Levi in history to be counted as an infant.
    3:15 – Levis daughter Yocheved was born while the Jewish People were entering Egypt. She is counted as one of the 70 people who entered Egypt.
  14. Who assisted Moshe in counting the levi'im?
    3:16 G-d.
  15. Why did so many people from the tribe of Reuven support Korach in his campaign against Moshe?
    3:29 – The tribe of Reuven was encamped near Korach, and were therefore influenced for the worse. This teaches that one should avoid living near the wicked.
  16. Why did so many people from the tribes of Yehuda, Yissachar and Zevulun become great Torah scholars?
    3:38 – The tribes of Yehuda, Yissachar and Zevulun were encamped near Moshe, and were therefore influenced for the good. This teaches that one should seek to live near the righteous
  17. In verse 3:39 the Torah states that the total number of levi'im was 22,000. The actual number was 22,300. Why does the Torah seem to ignore 300 levi'im?
    3:39 – Each levi served to redeem a first-born of the Jewish People. Since 300 leviim were themselves firstborn, they themselves needed to be redeemed, and could therefore not redeem others.
  18. The firstborn males of the Jewish People were redeemed for five shekalim. Why five shekalim?
    3:46 – To atone for the sale of Yosef, Rachels firstborn, who was sold by his brothers for five shekalim (20 pieces of silver.)
  19. During what age-span is a man considered at his full strength?
    4:2 – Between the ages of 30 and 50.
  20. As the camp was readying itself for travel, who was in charge of covering the vessels of the Mishkan in preparation for transport?
    4:5 – The kohanim.
******
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Halachot from Maran Rabbi Ovadia Yosef Ztz'l

מנהגי חג השבועות

חלוקת שעות החג

בגמרא
במסכת ביצה (דף טו:) אמר רבי יהושע, מצות יום טוב, חציו לה' וחציו לכם
,
כלומר
שיש לחלק את הזמן ביום טוב, מחציתו לאכילה ושתיה וכדומה מעניני שמחת החג, ומחציתו
ללימוד התורה ותפילה, וכן פסק הרמב”ם (בפ”ו מהלכות יום טוב
(.

שטיחת
ענפים בבית הכנסת ובבית

כתב
הרמ”א (בהגה סימן תצד סעיף ג.) נוהגים לשטוח עשבים בשבועות, בבית הכנסת
ובבתים זכר לשמחת מתן תורה. ורבים מרבותינו האחרונים הביאו סימוכין למנהג זה, שיש
בו גם זכר למה שאמרו בגמרא (שבת פח:) כל דיבור שיצא מפי הקדוש ברוך הוא, נתמלא
העולם כולו ריח בשמים, כמו שנאמר “שפתותיו שושנים נוטפות מור עובר”. וכן
נוהגים להעמיד ענפי אילנות בבית הכנסת ובבתים, לרמוז למה שאמרו רבותינו במסכת ראש
השנה (טז.) בעצרת (היינו חג השבועות) נידונים על פירות האילן
.

אולם,
בספר חיי אדם, הביא שהגאון רבי אליהו מוילנא ביטל מנהג זה, משום שעכשיו נוהגים
הגויים להעמיד ענפי אילנות בימי חגיהם, ואם כן יש בזה איסור משום ובחוקותיהם לא
תלכו. אולם מרן הרב עובדיה יוסף שליט”א כתב, שהגאון מוילנא ביטל מנהג זה,
משום שהוא נמשך בזה לשיטתו שיש איסור משום ובחוקותיהם לא תלכו, בכל מנהגי הגויים,
אבל לשיטת המהר”י קולון ועוד פוסקים רבים, אין איסור זה נוהג אלא בחוק
שנוהגים הגויים בדרך חוק, דהיינו דבר שהוא בלי טעם, (שאז יש לחוש בו משום דרכי
האמורי ושיש בו שמץ עבודת כוכבים), או דבר שנהגו בו הגויים לשם פריצות וכדומה, אבל
במנהג שיש בו טעם אחר, כגון לבוש שלובשים אותו רופאים גויים, כדי שיהיה ניכר שהם
רופאים וכדומה, אין איסור לנהוג בו, ולכן יש להניח למנהג זה שיתקיים, שמנהג ישראל
תורה, ובפרט שמנהג זה הוא קדום מאד ונזכר גם בדברי חז”ל. (וכבר
הזכרנו
חילוק
נוסף בעניין חוקות הגויים בהלכה שעסקה בשאלת החיוב ללכת עם כיפה על הראש
).

מאכלי
חלב

כתב
עוד הרמ”א, שנוהגים בכמה מקומות לאכול מאכלי חלב ביום חג השבועות, והוסיפו
האחרונים שיש נוהגים לאכול גם דבש וחלב, לרמוז על מתן תורתינו שנמשלה לדבש וחלב,
ויש נותנים טעם למנהג מאכלי חלב בחג השבועות, מפני שבעשרת הדברות נתגלו לאבותינו
כל חלקי התורה ומצוותיה, וכמו שכתב רב סעדיה גאון שבעשרת הדברות כלולות כל מצוות
התורה, וכשירדו ישראל מההר אל בתיהם אחר מתן תורה
, לא מצאו מה
לאכול תיכף, זולת מאכלי חלב, כי לבשר היו צריכים הכנה רבה
, לשחוט בסכין
בדרך בלי פגם כאשר ציוה ה', ולנקר החלב וגיד הנשה, ולמלוח הבשר ולהדיחו, ועוד ועוד
עניינים רבים הקשורים לכשרות המאכלים. ולכן היו זקוקים למאכלי חלב, ואנו עושים זכר
לזה. ונאמרו אודות מנהג זה עוד טעמים אחרים
.

ומכיוון
שעל פי ההלכה אסור לאכול מאכלי חלב אחרי מאכלי בשר עד שיעברו שש שעות
(כפי שביארנו
בהלכות
בשר וחלב), לכן מנהגינו לאכול מאכלי חלב, ואחרי קינוח והדחה כמשפט (דהיינו אכילת
מעט פת וכדומה, ושתיית משקה, כפי
שביארנו
גם
כן בהלכות בשר בחלב,) אוכלים מאכלי בשר. ומצוה לאכול ביום טוב בשר בהמה, לקיים בזה
מצות שמחת החג, וכמו שאמרו במסכת חגיגה (ח:), אין שמחה אלא בבשר בהמה, וכן ישתה
יין לשמחת החג, אבל יזהרו להימנע משחוק וקלות ראש
, לפי שאין השחוק
והקלות ראש שמחה אלא הוללות, ולא נצטווינו אלא על שמחה שיש בה עבודת היוצר. אלא
ישמחו ביום טוב בדברים המותרים כגון לשורר בפה שירות ותשבחות להשם יתברך, וכן יש
להשתדל לעסוק בתורה ביום החג, וכתב מרן הרב שליט”א, שנכון ללמוד בספר המצוות
של הרמב”ם, ונכון גם כן לקרות בספר תהילים, כי פטירת אדונינו דוד המלך הייתה
ביום חג השבועות
.

מי
שאינו יכול לקיים את שמחת החג בבשר, מטעמי בריאות או כשרות, יקיים מצות שמחתו בבשר
עוף. וכל מה שאמרנו שאין שמחה אלא בבשר ויין, היינו לאנשים, אבל הנשים יש לשמחן
בבגדים יפים או תכשיטים נאים וכדומה. ויש לשמח את הילדים בקליות ואגוזים וממתקים
וכדומה
.

שמחת
עניים

נאמר
בתורה (דברים טז) ושמחת בחגך אתה ובנך ובתך והלוי והגר והיתום והאלמנה אשר בקרבך.
לפיכך חייב אדם לשמח עמו ברגל את העניים והאביונים והאלמנות והיתומים, והיא חובה
קדושה

Customs of the Shavuot Holiday

Division of the Holiday Hours

The Gemara in Masechet Beitzah (15b) tells us: “Rabbi Yehoshua says: The
Mitzvah of the holiday is half for Hashem and half for you.” This means that
one should apportion his time on Yom Tov half for eating, drinking, and other
Yom Tov festivities and half for Torah learning and prayer. The Rambam (Chapter
6 of Hilchot Yom Tov) rules likewise.

Adorning the Synagogue and One’s Home with Plants
The Rama writes (in his notation on Chapter 494, Section 3) that it is
customary to scatter plants throughout the synagogue and one’s home on the
holiday of Shavuot in commemoration of the joy of the giving of the Torah. Many
Acharonim bring another source for this custom based on the Gemara in Masechet
Shabbat (88b) which states that after every commandment uttered by Hashem, the
entire world was filled with a fragrant smell, as the verse states, “His lips
are like roses dripping with passing myrrh.” It is likewise customary to lay
tree branches in the synagogue and in one’s home in order to hint to the Gemara
in Masechet Rosh Hashanah (16a) that on Shavuot we are judged regarding the
fruits of the tree.

However, the Sefer Chayei Adam writes that Rabbeinu Eliyahu of Vilna
discontinued this custom, for nowadays, the non-Jews place tree branches in
their homes during their holiday. This therefore constitutes the prohibition to
follow the practices of the non-Jews. Nevertheless, Maran Harav Ovadia Yosef
Shlit”a writes that the Gaon of Vilna writes that this constitutes the
prohibition to follow the practices of the non-Jews in accordance with his own
opinion that this prohibition applies to all non-Jewish practices. However,
according to Rabbeinu Yosef Cologne and many other Poskim who rule likewise,
this prohibition only applies to those practices which are observed which have
no reason behind them (for only then are we concerned about “Emorite ways” and
the possibility of idolatrous rituals) or to those customs which are observed
for immoral purposes and the like. Nonetheless, if it is a custom which is
observed for a specific reason, such as if a garment is worn by non-Jewish doctors
in order for them to be recognizable as doctors, a Jewish doctor may follow
this custom and wear the garment as well. Therefore, this custom may indeed be
observed, for the custom of the Jewish people is law, especially when the
custom in question is very ancient and quoted by our Sages.

Eating Dairy Foods
The Rama (ibid.) continues and writes that several places have the custom to
eat dairy foods on the day of Shavuot. Some Acharonim add that it is customary
to eat milk and honey together as well hinting to the acceptance of our holy
Torah which is compared to milk and honey. Some explain that the reason for
eating dairy foods on Shavuot is because when our forefathers were given the
Ten Commandments, the rest of the Torah and its commandments were revealed to
them as well (as Rav Sa’adia Gaon writes that all of the Mitzvot are included
in the Ten Commandments). When the Jewish people returned to their homes after
receiving the Torah, they did not find anything ready to eat besides for dairy
items, for eating meat now involved much preparation including slaughtering the
animal with a knife free of imperfections, removing the forbidden fats and
sinews, salting the meat and washing it off as well as many other laws
pertaining to the kosher dietary laws. They therefore made due with dairy
foods; we eat dairy items in commemoration of this. Many other reasons are
given for this custom.

Since Halacha prohibits eating dairy foods for six hours after eating meat, we
therefore customarily eat the dairy foods first and only after washing one’s
mouth out in accordance with Halacha by eating some bread and drinking some
beverages do we eat meat. One should eat meat on Yom Tov in order to fulfill
the Mitzvah of joy of Yom Tov, as the Gemara in Masechet Chagiga (8b) states
that one experiences true joy only by eating meat. One should likewise drink
wine in honor of the joy of Yom Tov. One should nevertheless abstain from
frivolity and unruliness, for we have only been commanded to experience a joy
through which one can serve Hashem. One should rejoice by performing
permissible actions, such as singing the praises of Hashem and his holy Torah.
One must likewise try his utmost to learn Torah during the day of Shavuot as
well. Maran Harav Shlit”a writes that one should also learn from the Rambam’s
Sefer Ha’Mitzvot. It is also proper to recite Tehillim on this day, for the
holiday of Shavuot marks the anniversary of the passing of King David.

If one is unable to fulfill the Mitzvah of rejoicing on Yom Tov with beef due to
health or kashrut concerns, he should fulfill his obligation with chicken
instead. Regarding what we have said that true joy only comes through consuming
meat and wine, this only applies to men; women, however, should be gladdened
with nice clothing, jewelry, and the like. Children should be gladdened with
nuts, sweets, and the like.

Gladdening the Needy The Torah (Devarim 16) states: “And you shall be
glad during your holiday; you, your son, your daughter, the Levite, the
convert, the orphan, and the widow in your midst.” One must therefore gladden
the hearts of the poor, widows, and orphans during the holiday as well and this
is a truly important obligation

 


Nesletter Parashat Behar Bechukotai – Shabbat Mevarechim

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Have a look at our website www.moorlane.info 
********
image.png
This Shabbat 
is
Shabbat Mevarechim
Rosh Chodesh Sivan 
is on
Tuesday night 11/5 / Wednesday 12/5 
****
Shavuot Time Table 
image.png
image.png
also attached to this email
****
New Gemara Shiur in Ivrit with Rabbi Harary
Starting Masechet Ta'anit 
Sunday 2nd April 6.25pm, 
Mincha & Arbit 7.25pm
****
Shabbat Afternoon Programme
5:15 pm Avot Ubanim
5:50 pm Pirke Avot
6:00 pm Mincha
*****************
image.png
image.png
********
Save the Date
image.png
*****
image.png
image.png
****

לוח זמני תפלה לקיץ תשפ״א

Summer Timetable 5781 – 2021

מוצאי שבת

ערבית

)מוצ”ש(

סוף זמן קראת שמע

זמן
שבת

פלג מנחה (תה״ד)

פלג מנחה (לבוש)

מנחה וקבלת שבת

תאריך

שבת פרשת

Shabbat

Ends

Arbit

Shema to be read before

Candles to be
lit by

 

Earliest Candle lighting

Minha & Kabbalat Shabbat*

Date

Parasha

PM

PM

AM

PM

PM

PM

PM

 

 

9:53

9:50

9:13

8:34

7:50

7:14

7:00

7/8 May

בהר־בחקותי  (ש''מ)

For those not in the Bet Hakeneset, but wishing to bring in Shabbat with the Kahal, candles should be lit about 30 minutes after the time listed for Minha and Kabbalat Shabbat. (Unless the time listed in the ‘latest candle lighting’ column is earlier, when candles should be lit by that time, in all cases.

*****
Q & A Parashat Behar Bechukotai

All references are to the verses and Rashi's commentary, unless otherwise stated.

Behar

  1. Why does the Torah specify that the laws of shemita were taught on Har Sinai?
    25:1 – To teach us that just as Shemitta was taught in detail on Har Sinai, so too, all the mitzvot were taught in detail on Har Sinai.
  2. If one possesses shemita food after it is no longer available in the field, what must he do with it?
    25:7 – Remove it from his property and declare it ownerless.
  3. The Torah commands, “You shall sanctify the fiftieth year.” How is this done?
    25:10 – At the beginning of the year the Beit Din declares, “This year is kadosh (sanctified).”
  4. Which two “returns” are announced by the shofar during yovel?
    25:10 – The return of the land to its original owner, and the “return” (freedom) of the slave from slavery.
  5. From where does the yovel year get its name?
    25:10 – From the sounding of the shofar. A ram's horn is called a yovel.
  6. What prohibitions are derived from the verse “v'lo tonu ish et amito — a person shall not afflict his fellow”?
    25:17 – One may not intentionally hurt people's feelings, nor give bad advice while secretly intending to reap benefit.
  7. What is the punishment for neglecting the laws of shemita?
    25:18 – Exile.
  8. If shemita is observed properly, how long is the crop of the sixth year guaranteed to last?
    25:21,22 – From Nissan of the sixth year until Sukkot of the ninth year.
  9. After selling an ancestral field, when can one redeem it?
    25:24 – After two years following the sale, until yovel. At the beginning of yovel it returns to the family automatically.
  10. Under what circumstance may one sell ancestral land?
    25:25 – Only if one becomes impoverished.
  11. If a home in a walled city is sold, when can it be redeemed?
    25:29 – Only within the first year after the sale. Afterwards, even in yovel, it does not return.
  12. What does the word “days” mean in this week's Parsha?
    25:29 – The days of an entire year.
  13. What is considered a walled city?
    25:29 – A city that has been surrounded by a wall since the time of Yehoshua.
  14. Why does the Torah say in 26:46 “Torot” (plural) and not “Torah” (singular)?
    25:35 – A non-Jew who lives in Eretz Yisrael and accepts upon himself not to worship idols.
  15. To what is one who leaves Eretz Yisrael compared?
    25:38 – To one who worships idols.
  16. If a person says “The leg of this animal shall be an olah offering” the animal is sold and sacrificed as an olah offering. What is the status of the money received for the animal?
    25:38 – The prohibition against taking interest is accompanied by the phrase, “I am the L-rd your G-d who took you out of Egypt.” Rashi explains that just as Hashem discerned in Egypt between those who were firstborn and those who were not, so too will Hashem discern and punish those who lend with interest, pretending they are acting on behalf of others.
  17. List three prohibitions which demonstrate the dignity with which one must treat a Jewish indentured servant.
    25:39-43 –
    1.Do not make him perform humiliating tasks.
    2.Do not sell him publicly.
    3.Do not make him perform unnecessary jobs.
  18. Who supports the family of the Jewish indentured servant during his years of servitude?
    25:41 – His master.
  19. If a Jew is sold as a servant to a non-Jew, does he go free after six years?
    25:54 – No. If he is not redeemed with money, he must wait until the yovel to go free.
  20. Where is it permitted to prostrate oneself on a stone floor?
    26:1 – In the Mikdash.

Bechukotai

  1. To what do the words “bechukotai telechu” (walk in My statutes) refer?
    26:3 – Laboring in Torah learning.
  2. When is rain “in its season?”
    26:4 – At times when people are not outside (e.g., Shabbat nights).
  3. What is the blessing of “v'achaltem lachmechem l'sova” (and you shall eat your bread to satisfaction)?
    26:5 – You will only require a little bread to be completely satisfied.
  4. What is meant by the verse “and a sword will not pass through your land”?
    26:6 – No foreign army will travel through your land on their way to a different country.
  5. Mathematically, if five Jewish soldiers can defeat 100 enemy soldiers, how many enemy soldiers should 100 Jewish soldiers be able to defeat?
    26:4 – Two thousand.
  6. How much is “revava“?
    26:4 – Ten thousand.
  7. Which “progression” of seven transgressions are taught in Chapter 26, and why in that particular order?
    26:14,15 – Not studying Torah, not observing mitzvot, rejecting those who observe mitzvot, hating Sages, preventing others from observing mitzvot, denying that G-d gave the mitzvot, denying the existence of G-d. They are listed in this order because each transgression leads to the next.
  8. What is one benefit which the Jewish People derive from the Land of Israel's state of ruin?
    26:32 – No enemy nation will be able to settle in the Land of Israel.
  9. What was the duration of the Babylonian exile and why that particular number?
    26:35 – 70 years. Because the Jewish People violated 70 Shemitta and yovel years.
  10. How many years did the Jewish People sin in Israel up till the time the northern tribes were exiled?
    26:35 – 390 years.
  11. In verse 26:42, the name Yaakov is written with an extra “vav.” From whom did Yaakov receive this extra letter and why?
    26:42 – In five places in the Torah, Yaakov's name is written with an extra “vav” and in five places the name Eliyahu is missing a “vav.” Yaakov “took” these vavs as a pledge that Eliyahu will one day come and announce the redemption of Yaakov's children.
  12. What positive element is implied by the words “and I will bring them into the land of their enemies?”
    26:41 – G-d Himself, so to speak, will bring them into their enemies' land. This means that even when the Jews are in exile, G-d will supply them with leaders who inspire them to keep the Torah. This guards the Jews from assimilating into the host culture.
  13. In verse 26:42, why is the word “remember” not used in connection with the name of Yitzchak?
    26:42 – Because the image of Yitzchak's ashes (who was prepared to be brought as an offering) upon the altar is always before G-d.
  14. Why does the Torah say in 26:46 “Torot” (plural) and not “Torah” (singular)?
    26:46 – To teach that both the Written Torah and the Oral Torah were given to Moshe on Har Sinai.
  15. What happens when a poor person dedicates the value of a man to the Beit Hamikdash and doesn't have sufficient funds to fulfill his vow?
    27:8 – The person whose value was donated goes before the kohen, who sets the obligation according to the poor person's ability to pay.
  16. If a person says, “The leg of this animal shall be an olah offering” the animal is sold and sacrificed as an olah offering. What is the status of the money received for the animal?
    27:9 – The money is “chullin,” meaning it does not have “holy” status, except for the value of the animal's leg which does have “holy” status.
  17. If a person dedicates his ancestral field to the Beit Hamikdash and fails to redeem it before yovel what happens to the field?
    27:16 – It becomes the property of the kohanim who are on rotation at the beginning of yovel.
  18. Where must “ma'aser sheini” be eaten?
    27:30 – In Jerusalem.
  19. When a person redeems “ma'aser sheini” what happens to the food? What happens to the redemption money?
    27:31 – The food becomes permissible to him outside of Jerusalem. The redemption money must be brought to Jerusalem and used to purchase food to be eaten there.
  20. How does a person tithe his animals?
    27:32 – He passes them through a door individually and he marks every tenth animal with a rod smeared with red dye.
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Halachot from Maran Rabbi Ovadia Yosef Ztz'l

חג השבועות

נאמר בפרשת מתן תורה,
“ויסעו מרפידים ויבאו מדבר סיני, ויחנו במדבר, ויחן שם ישראל נגד ההר”.
(שמות יט
).

רבינו
חיים בן עטר, ה”אור החיים” הקדוש הקשה, שהרי בפסוקים שקודם לכן כבר נאמר
לצאת בני ישראל מארץ מצרים, ביום הזה באו מדבר סיני”,
ואם כן לכאורה, מדוע כפלה התורה וכתבה שוב “ויחנו במדבר”, הרי ברור הדבר
שאם הגיעו למדבר גם חנו שם, ואם כן מה באה ללמדינו התורה בדבר זה
?

ומסביר
האור החיים הקדוש, כי פסוק זה בא ללמדינו שלשה עיקרים בקבלת התורה, שמבלעדי שלשת
הדברים הללו אי אפשר היה לקבל את התורה, ועל ידם נתרצה הקדוש ברוך הוא לתת לבני
ישראל את התורה
.

הראשון,
“ויסעו מרפידים”, שקודם קבלת התורה
, היו עם ישראל ברפיון ידים ועצלות גדולה, כדרכם של
עבדים משוחררים, ואף על פי כן הם הכינו עצמם והתגברו על מדותיהם הטבעיות, לקבל את
התורה בזריזות ובחשק, וקבלו על עצמם שלא להתעצל בלימוד התורה. כי כך טבע הדבר
בלימוד התורה, שדברי תורה צריכים חיזוק כל העת, ולכן התורה טורחת בכל פעם שהיא מזכירה
ענין לימוד התורה, לתת תוספת חיזוק, כמו שנאמר “לא ימוש ספר התורה הזה מפיך,
והגית בו יומם ולילה, הלא צויתיך חזק ואמץ”, וכן על זה הדרך
. ולפיכך הוצרכה התורה
לציין “ויסעו מרפידים”, שהיו נרפים מאד, ברפיון ידיים
, ואף על פי כן זרזו עצמם
לקבלת התורה בחשק ושמחה
, ו”יסעו”
מאותו הרפיון שהיה להם קודם לכן. שזהו עיקר גדול ותנאי לזכות לכתרה של תורה
.

העיקר
השני, “ויבאו מדבר סיני ויחנו במדבר”, שהכוונה בזה שהגיעו עם ישראל
למדרגה רוחנית שהיא בבחינת מדבר, שהכל דשין ודורכין עליו, והוא מקום הפקר לכל
, כמו כן ישראל הגיעו למצב
של ענווה ושיפלות רוח, כי מבלעדי זה אי אפשר לזכות לתורה, כי אין התורה שורה על
גסי הרוח, ועל כן משה רבינו זכה שהוא יקבל את התורה, לפי שהוא היה סמל ואות למופת
של ענוה גדולה שלא היה עוד כמותה. גם לא ניתנה התורה אלא על ההר הנמוך שבהרים, הר
סיני, כי אין השכינה שורה על גסי הרוח וגבהי הלב, ורק בזכות הענוה זכו ישראל לכתר
תורה
.

והעיקר
השלישי, “ויחן שם ישראל כנגד ההר”, אשר כמו שפירשנו כבר, לשון
“ויחן” הוא לשון יחיד, מפני שעם ישראל באותו הזמן היתה בינהם אחדות
גדולה, כאיש אחד בלב אחד, וגם זה הוא תנאי גדול לזכות לתורה, כי אין קבלת התורה רק
ליחידים שבישראל, אלא דוקא לכל כלל ישראל יחד, ועל כן התורה צריכה תמיד להיות
נלמדת בציבור, ואמרו רבותינו “חרב אל הבדים”, חרב אל אותם שלומדים בד
בבד, כלומר לבדם, כי אין אדם זוכה לישרות בתורה, אלא כשהיא נלמדת עם עוד אדם,
שיעיר את תשומת לב חבירו כשהוא טועה בלימוד. (ואחר שידע כבר את עיקרי לימוד התורה
בדרך נכונה, יוכל ללמוד לבדו מתוך ספרי האחרונים, אשר גם על ידי העיון בהם יוכל
לעמוד על טעותו), ואשרי העם שהם באים בליל שבועות ללמוד תורה בציבור
, במקום שהשכינה שורה בו,
אשר על כגון זה נאמר “ויחן שם ישראל כנגד ההר”, כי כאיש אחד, זכו לקבל
את התורה, וכמו כן אנו, נזכה לאורה של תורה, משאת חיינו, בזכות ענוה ושפלות רוח,
לקבל מהגדולים מאיתנו את האמת, ולהודות תמיד על האמת, ולהשתדל כמה שאפשר להיות
באחדות גדולה, שמתוך כך תשרה עלינו השכינה הקדושה, ונזכה לכתרה של תורה

The Holiday of Shavuot

Regarding the giving of the
Torah, the Torah states (Shemot 19): “And they travelled from Refidim and they
arrived at the Sinai desert and they camped in the desert; and Israel camped
there opposite the mountain.”

Rabbeinu Chaim ben Atar, the saintly “Or Ha’Chaim,” asks that in the previous
verses the Torah states, “On the third month of the Jewish nation leaving
Egypt, on this day they had come to the Sinai desert.” If so, why does the
Torah repeat the fact that they “camped in the desert”? Is it not clear that if
they arrived at the desert that they camped there as well? What does the Torah
mean to teach us by writing this?

The saintly Or Ha’Chaim explains that the Torah is trying to convey to us three
key principles regarding receiving the Torah without which accepting the Torah
would have been impossible and because of which Hashem decided to give us the
Torah.

The first is “Travelling from Refidim” (in Hebrew, “Refidim” is similar to the
word “Rifyon” meaning laxity) before the giving of the Torah, for the Jewish
nation experienced great carelessness and lethargy as all freed slaves do and
even so, they prepared themselves and overcame their natural character-traits
in order to be able to accept the Torah in a zealous and energetic manner by
accepting upon themselves not to become lazy in their Torah learning. This is
indeed the natural course of Torah learning that the Torah needs strengthening
and recommitment at all times. It is for this reason that any time the Torah mentions
learning Torah, the Torah adds a boost of encouragement as the verse states,
“This Sefer Torah shall not budge from your lips and you shall delve in it day
and night etc. have I not commanded you to be strong and courageous?” The Torah
therefore needed to point out that they “travelled from Refidim,” for they had
truly been slacking off, but even so they had energized themselves to accept
the Torah with desire and joy and they had thus “travelled away” from the
laxity they possessed beforehand, for this is a great principle and important
condition for meriting receiving the Torah’s crown.

The second principle is “And they arrived at the Sinai desert and they camped
in the desert.” This means that the Jewish nation reached the lofty level
wherein they made themselves like a desert which is ownerless and everyone
walks through and tramples on. Similarly, the Jewish nation reached a high
level of humility and submissiveness, for without doing so, one cannot merit
accepting the Torah as the Torah does not identify itself with the arrogant. It
is also for this reason that Moshe Rabbeinu was the one chosen to receive the
Torah, for he served as an outstanding symbol of extreme humility, the likes of
which the world had never seen. Additionally, the Torah was given only on the
lowest of mountains, Mount Sinai, for Hashem’s presence does not rest on the
arrogant and the haughty and only because of their humility did the Jewish
nation merit receiving the crown of Torah.

The third principle is “And Israel camped there opposite the mountain.” The
Torah uses the singular form of the word “camped” in order to teach us that the
Jewish nation was completely unified at that time, like one man with one heart.
This also serves as an important condition in order to receive the Torah, for
the Torah was not given to individuals among the Jewish nation; rather, it was
given to the entire nation as one. It is for this reason that the Torah must be
read in public. Indeed the verse states, “May a sword be to the loners” referring
to those who learn Torah alone, for one cannot merit having a correct
understanding of the Torah unless he learns with someone else who will be able
to bring the errors he has made in his learning to his attention. (Once one
masters the principles for how to properly learn Torah, one may then learn from
the works of the Acharonim alone, for by delving in them one will likewise be
able to realize if he has erred.) Praiseworthy is the nation whose people come
together to learn Torah on the night of Shavuot in a place where the holy
presence of Hashem rests. Regarding this does the verse state, “And Israel
camped there opposite the mountain,” for they merited receiving the Torah as
one. May we likewise merit gleaning from the eternal light of the Torah by virtue
of our true humility through accepting the true interpretation of the Torah
from those greater than us and admitting that their interpretation is indeed
true. Let us try our very best to always be completely unified, for this will
cause Hashem to rest His holy presence on us and we will thereby merit
receiving the crown of the Torah

 

 

חג
השבועות

נאמר בתורה
(שמות יט, אודות זמן מתן תורה), “בחודש השלישי לצאת בני ישראל מארץ מצרים,
ביום הזה באו מדבר סיני
“.

רבותינו במדרש
(פסיקתא) הקשו, ומדוע לא ניתנה תורה לישראל עד החודש השלישי (כלומר
,
חודש
סיון, שהוא השלישי לחודשי השנה לפי מנין התורה) וחיכה הקדוש ברוך הוא עד החודש
השלישי? אמר רבי לוי, משל לבן מלך שהיה חולה ונתרפא, בקשו לשלוח אותו ללימודים,
אמר להם המלך, עדיין לא חזר זיו פניו אליו, ואיך יוכל ללמוד? אלא יתעדן שני ושלשה
חודשים במאכל ומשקה, ואחר כך יחזור ללמוד
.

כך עם ישראל,
כיון שיצאו ממצרים, היו ראויים לקבל את התורה, אמר הקדוש ברוך הוא, עדיין לא בא
זיון של בני משיעבוד טיט ולבנים והם מקבלים את התורה? אלא יתעדנו בני שנים ושלשה
חודשים באכילת המן ובשליו, ואחר כך יקבלו את התורה
. ואימתי? בחודש
השלישי
.

חסד גדול עשה ה'
יתברך עמנו שנתן לנו את תורתו תורת אמת וחיי עולם נטע בתוכינו, אבל חסד בתוך החסד
הוא, שכאשר נתן לנו את התורה, בקש לתת אותה בידינו כשאנו בריאים בגוף, ולא בטירוף
מיד בצאתנו ממצרים. ואף על פי שיכול היה ה' יתברך לעשות נס, ולחזק את בני ישראל
כהרף עין, מכל מקום כבר כתבנו שרוצה הקדוש ברוך להנהיג את עולמו עד כמה שניתן בדרך
הטבע, ולכן חיכה לנו שנים ושלשה חודשים, ורק אז נתן לנו את התורה
.

אמרו במסכת סוטה
(יד.) התורה, תחילתה גמילות חסדים וסופה גמילות חסדים, תחילתה גמילות חסדים, שנאמר
“ויעש ה' לאדם ולאשתו כתנות עור וילבישם”, סופה גמילות חסדים, שנאמר
(לגבי קבורת משה) “ויקבור אותו בגי
“.

וכוונת
חז”ל במאמר זה, שכאשר רואים את התורה שתחילתה וסופה חסד, סימן הוא שהתורה
כולה תכליתה חסד. ואם כן כל התורה כולה שורשה חסד, וכל המצוות ואפילו עניני
המשפטים והקנינים כולם תלויים בחסדו של ה' יתברך, וכמו שכתב הרמח”ל, כי כל
טעם עבודתינו בעולם הזה הוא בכדי שנהיה ראויים לשכר בזכות ולא בחסד
(כביכול), ולכן
גם בקנינים שתיקן לנו ה' יתברך במשפטי התורה, הכל הוא ענין חסד גדול, שתהיה לאדם
בעלות על חפציו, בכדי שיוכל להנות מיגיע כפו
.

ומזה הטעם תקנו
רבותינו לקרוא בשבועות ממגילת רות, ששורש מגילה זו נעוץ במדת החסד, כמו שנאמר
“ותאמר נעמי יעש ה' עמכם חסד כאשר עשיתם עם המתים ועמדי
“.

והנה לכאורה לא
מוזכר במגילה שום חסד שעשו עם בעליהן, מלבד מה שהיו נשואות להם
,
וכן
מה שנאמר בהמשך המגילה “ויען בועז ויאמר לה, הוגד הוגד לי את כל אשר עשית את
חמותך אחרי מות אישך”, והדבר תמוה, שהרי רות לא עשתה דבר למענה של נעמי, שהרי
נעמי היא זו שהפצירה בה ללכת למולדתה ולעמה, ורות היא היא שדבקה בנעמי ועשתה זאת
אך ורק למען עצמה לטובתה האישית, ואם כן איזו שייכות יש כאן בכלל להחשיב את המעשים
הללו למעשים של חסד, עד שנאמר עוד בהמשך “ברוכה את לה' בתי, הטבת חסדך האחרון
מן הראשון”, וגם כאן לא היה שום חסד במה שהלכה לבועז, שלא עשתה כן אלא לטובת
עצמה, ואם כן איך הפסוק קורא לזה חסד
?

חז”ל
אומרים בפסחים (ח.), האומר אתן צדקה על מנת שיחיה בני, הרי זה צדיק גמור
.
ומשמע
שאף שעשה צדקה למען עצמו ולא לשם שמים, בכל זאת מעשיו רצויים לפני ה
'
יתברך,
ונמצא אם כן שבכל מעשה שאדם עושה, אף על פי שהוא עושה כן בעיקר למען עצמו, מכל
מקום כל שגם הזולת מרויח מכך משהו, והוא חושב גם כן להטיב עם זולתו, מעשיו נחשבים
למעשי חסד וצדקה
.

חנוני,
או
מוכר ספרים, או נהג אוטובוס, שעושים את כל מעשיהם למען עצמם לפרנסתם
,
מכל
מקום אם הם עושים מעשיהם גם על מנת להטיב לאחרים, ואחרים נהנים ממעשיהם, הם מקימים
בכל מעשיהם מצוות לאין חקר
.

ומכאן גם עלינו
ללמוד לאידך גיסא, שהרי כמה חסדים אנו מקבלים מהזולת, וכמה הזולת מטיב עמנו, נמצנו
חייבים הרבה מאד הכרת טובה כלפי סביבתינו, ובהכרה זו אנו עושים נחת רוח לה' יתברך,
בבואינו להטיב מדה כנגד מדה לזולתינו
.

החסד הגדול
שעשתה רות, הוא מפני שסוף סוף בזכותה של רות לא נשארה נעמי בודדה בעולם, וכן מה
שהלכה עם בועז, נחשב לה לחסד גדול, שמתוך כך זכתה להקים עמו את מלכות בית דוד, בית
ענק, עבור חסד
.

נוהגים לקרות
במגילת רות בחג השבועות, להורות שיסוד התורה ומהותה הוא חסד, ללמוד וללמד לשמור
ולעשות, ללמוד על מנת ללמד (ראשי תיבות אדם לעמ”ל יולד, ללמוד על מנת ללמד),
אין לך חסד גדול מזה, שאדם מעשיר אחרים מהעושר הרוחני שנתן לנו ה' יתברך, וכמו
שאמר רבי יהושע בן לוי, כל המלמד את בן בנו תורה, מעלה עליו הכתוב כאילו קבלה מהר
סיני, שנאמר “והודעתם לבניך ולבני בניך”. וזהו רק אם מלמד את נכדו בן
בנו תורה. אבל אם מלמד אחרים, אפילו הקדוש ברוך הוא גוזר גזירה, מבטלה בשבילו, וכל
זאת עבור השפע שמשפיע מטובו לאחרים
.

The Holiday of Shavuot

The Torah introduces the
momentous event of the giving of the Torah to the Jewish nation with the verse
(Shemot 19), “On the third month from when the children of Israel left Egypt,
on this day they arrived at the Sinai desert.”

Our Sages in the Pesikta ask: Why is it that the Torah was not given to the
Jewish nation until the Third month (i.e. the month of Sivan, which is the
third month according to the Torah’s calculation with the year beginning with
Nissan)? Rabbi Levi explained this with a parable: Once, a king’s son became
ill. When he was healed, his advisors wished to send him back to school immediately.
The king said, “My son’s radiance did not yet return to him, how do propose
that he learn? Let him enjoy himself with food and drink for two or three
months and then he will return to his studies.”

So too, when the Jewish nation left Egypt, they were worthy of receiving the
Torah. However, Hashem said, “they have not yet regained their radiance after
the bondage of cement and bricks and they wish to receive the Torah? Rather, I
shall allow my children to enjoy themselves by eating the Manna and quail and
let them then receive the Torah during the Third month.”

Hashem performed a great kindness for us by giving us a true Torah and imbuing
us with eternal life; however, within this kindness, Hashem performed another
kindness for us by giving us the Torah only when we were physically healthy and
capable of receiving it and not when we were in a frenzy immediately following
our exodus from Egypt. Although Hashem could have performed a miracle and
instantly strengthen the Jewish nation, we have already written in the past
that Hashem wishes, as much as possible, to direct the world in a natural
manner. It is for this reason that he waited almost three months for us until
we were able to receive the Torah.

The Gemara (Sotah 14a) states: “The Torah begins with kindness and ends with
kindness. The Torah begins with kindness, as the verse states, ‘Hashem made for
the man and his wife leather tunics and he clothed them.’ The Torah ends with
kindness, as the verse states, “And He (Hashem) buried him (Moshe Rabbeinu) in
the valley.’”

Our Sages mean to teach us that just as we see that the Torah begins and ends
with acts of kindness, this signifies that the entire Torah is the epitome of
kindness. If the entire root of Torah is kindness, it follows that all of the
Mitzvot of the Torah, include the detailed monetary laws, are all contingent on
Hashem’s endless kindness. Indeed, Rabbeinu Moshe Chaim Luzzato (author of
Mesillat Yesharim) writes that our entire service of Hashem in this world is
because we wish to earn our reward and not only to receive it as a result of
Hashem’s kindness. Thus, even when the Torah commands us regarding various
methods of acquisition and other intricate monetary laws, this is a result of
Hashem’s kindness to us, for He wishes us to gain possession of our material
belongings so that one may enjoy the fruits of his labor.

It is for this reason that our Sages instituted that Megillat Ruth be read
during the Shavuot holiday, for the theme of this Megillah is inherently
kindness, as the verse states, “Naomi said: ‘May Hashem perform kindness with
you, just as you have done with the deceased and with me.’”

However, the Megillah seemingly does not mention any other kindness that Ruth
and her sister performed for their husbands other than the fact that they were
married to them. Similarly, the verse later in the Megillah states, “Boaz
replied and told her: ‘I have been told about everything you have done for your
mother-in-law after your husband’s demise.’” This is quite perplexing, for Ruth
did not do anything for Naomi as Naomi actually pleaded with Ruth to return to
her land and her people while Ruth cleaved to Naomi for her own personal
benefit. If so, how can such actions be considered acts of “kindness,” so much
so that the verse states, “My daughter, you are blessed to G-d; your last
kindness is better than your first”? Here too, Ruth went to Boaz for her own
benefit; how can the verse call this kindness?

Our Sages (Pesachim 8a) teach us: “One who says, “I shall donate money to
Tzedakah on the condition that my son lives,’ is considered completely
righteous.” It seems that although one donated charity for one’s own benefit
and not for the sake of Heaven, one’s actions are nevertheless accepted and
appreciated by Hashem. Based on this, any action that one performs, even if one
intends to do so primarily for one’s self, as long as others are gaining from
this action as well and the individual does intend for others to benefit, one’s
actions are considered those of kindness and charity.

Thus, if a grocer, bookseller, or bus driver do their work primarily for their
own livelihood, nevertheless, as long as they also intend to benefit others and
others do indeed benefit from their actions, they perform endless Mitzvot by
doing so.

On the other hand, we must realize how much kindness we receive from others and
how much gratitude we owe to those around us. This realization causes Hashem
great satisfaction when we give back to others and perform acts of kindness
with them.

The great kindness which Ruth performed for Naomi was that, ultimately, Naomi
did not remain alone in the world. Similarly, the fact that she went and
married Boaz was likewise considered a great act of kindness, for by doing so,
she was a partner in establishing the illustrious dynasty of King David’s
kingdom.

We customarily read Megillat Ruth on Shavuot in order to show that the basis of
the Torah and its essence is pure kindness by learning, teaching, and observing
the Torah’s laws. Indeed, the greatest kindness possible is teaching Torah to
others, for by doing so, one shares the spiritual wealth Hashem has given the
Jewish nation with others. Similarly, the Gemara states, “Rabbi Yehoshua ben
Levi said: One who teaches his grandson Torah is considered to have transmitted
the Torah to him from Mount Sinai, as the verse states, ‘And you shall make
them known to your sons and your grandsons.” This applies when one teaches
one’s grandson Torah. However, if one teaches Torah to others, even if Hashem
has decreed a harsh decree, Hashem will annul it for this individual because of
the spiritual wealth and abundance that one shares with others.